The Slavic Community on Strike: Immigrant Labor in Pennsylvania Anthracite

57th Congress Amalgamated American Anglo-Saxon anthracite area Anthracite Coal anthracite districts anthracite region arrived August began breaker Carmel Catholic cause century church coal fields Coal Strike collieries committee Congress Poland dispute dollars early East European economic emigration employees English English-speaking ethnic Fahy's February force foreigners hard-coal Harrisburg Hazleton Herald hundred Hungarians Ibid immi immigrant industry Irish Italians January John Fahy John Mitchell Journal Knights labor leaders labor organization later Lattimer Lattimer Massacre Lehigh Lithuanians Luzerne Mahanoy City March Markle ment mineowners mineworkers Nanticoke nationalities October operators parish Pennsylvania percent Peter Roberts Philadelphia Poland Poles Polish Polish Peasant Pottsville Pottsville Republican President Pulaski railroad Reading Eagle Reports riot scabs Schuylkill County Scranton September September 14 settlement Shamokin Shenandoah Slavic community Slavs Slovak society Straż strikers thousand tion took Ukrainian United Mine Workers unrest violence wage Weekly Miners Wilkes-Barre women Wyoming York