for death is the cure of all diseases. There is no catholicon or universal remedy I know, but this, which though nauseous to queasy stomachs, yet to prepared appetites is nectar, and a pleasant potion of immortality.

SECT. X.-For my conversation, it is, like the sun's, with all men,* and with a friendly aspect to good and bad. Methinks there is no man bad; and the worst best, that is, while they are kept within the circle of those qualities, wherein they are good. There is no man's mind of so discordant and jarring a temper, to which a tuneable disposition may not strike a harmony. Magnæ virtutes, nec minora vitia; it is the posy5 of the best natures, and may be inverted on the worst. There are, in the most depraved and venomous dispositions, certain pieces that remain untouched, which by an antiperistasis become more excellent, or by the excellency of their antipathies are able to preserve themselves from the contagion of their enemies' vices, and persist entire beyond the general corruption. For it is also thus in nature: the greatest balsams do lie enveloped in the bodies of the most powerful corrosives. I say moreover, and I ground upon experience, that poisons contain within themselves their own antidotes, and that which preserves them from the venom of themselves; without which they were not deleterious to others only, but to themselves also. But it is the corruption that I fear within me; not the contagion of commerce without me. 'Tis that unruly regiment within me, that will destroy me; 't is I that do infect myself; the man without a navel* yet lives in me. I feel that

* Adam, whom I conceive to want a navel, because he was not born of a woman. MS. W.

4 like the sun's, with all men,] All the MSS. and Edts. 1642 read, "like the sun, without all men."-Ed.

5 posy] Or poesy: a motto on a ring, or any thing else:-"I should as soon expect to see a critick on the posy of a ring, as on the inscription of a medal. Addison.

6 antiperistasis] The opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quality it opposes becomes heightened."-Ed.

7 poisons contain, &c.] The poison of a scorpion is not poison to itself, nor the poison of a toad is not poison to itself; so that the sucking out of poison, from

persons infected, by Psylls, (who are continually nourished with venomous aliment,) without any prejudice to themselves, is the less to be wondered at.-K.

The Psylls, or Psylli, are a people in the south of Cyrenaica, said to have had something in their bodies fatal to serpents, and their very smell proved a charm against them, according to Pliny, Lucan, &c.

Curious particulars may be found about these people, or people who seem to be so constituted, in the travels of Hasselquist, Bruce, Savary, &c.- Ed. 8 not] All the MSS. and Edts. 1642 read, and.-Ed.

original canker corrode and devour me: and therefore, Defenda me, Dios, de me! "Lord, deliver me from myself!" is a part of my litany, and the first voice of my retired imaginations. There is no man alone, because every man is a microcosm, and carries the whole world about him. Nunquam minus solus quam cum solus, though it be the apothegm of a wise man," is yet true in the mouth of a fool: for indeed, though in a wilderness, a man is never alone; not only because he is with himself, and his own thoughts, but because he is with the devil, who ever consorts with our solitude, and is that unruly rebel that musters up those disordered motions which accompany our sequestered imaginations. And to speak more narrowly, there is no such thing as solitude, nor any thing that can be said to be alone, and by itself, but God;-who is his own circle, and can subsist by himself: all others, besides their dissimilary and heterogeneous parts, which in a manner multiply their natures, cannot subsist without the concourse1 of God, and the society of that hand which doth uphold their natures. In brief, there can be nothing truly alone, and by its self, which is not truly one, and such is only God: all others do transcend an unity, and so by consequence are many.

SECT. XI.-Now for my life, it is a miracle of thirty years, which to relate, were not a history, but a piece of poetry, and would sound to common ears like a fable. For the world, I count it not an inn, but an hospital; and a place not to live, but to die in. The world that I regard is myself; it is the microcosm of my own frame that I cast mine eye on: for the other, I use it but like my globe, and turn it round sometimes for my recreation. Men that look upon my outside, perusing only my condition and fortunes, do err in my altitude; for I am above Atlas's shoulders. The earth is a point not only in respect of the heavens above us, but of that heavenly and celestial part within us. That mass of flesh that circumscribes me limits not my mind. That surface that tells the heavens it hath an end cannot persuade me I have any. I take my circle to be

9 nunquam minus solus, &c.] Hoc dicere solitus est Publius Scipio; vid. Cicero de Officiis, 1. iii.-M.

1 concourse] Used here undoubtedly in the sense of concurrence.-Ed.

2 I am above Atlas's shoulders] Meaning, "I am a world."

The following nine sentences, ending with "alphabet of man," are not in the MSS. nor Edts. 1642.-Ed.

above three hundred and sixty. Though the number of the ark do measure my body, it comprehendeth not my mind. Whilst I study to find how I am a microcosm, or little world, I find myself something more than the great. There is surely a piece of divinity in us; something that was before the elements, and owes no homage unto the sun. Nature tells me, I am the image of God, as well as Scripture. He that understands not thus much hath not his introduction or first lesson, and is yet to begin the alphabet of man. Let me not injure the felicity of others, if I say I am as happy as any.3 Ruat cœlum, fiat voluntas tua, salveth all; so that, whatsoever happens, it is but what our daily prayers desire. In brief, I am content; and what should providence add more? Surely this is it we call happiness, and this do I enjoy; with this I am happy in a dream, and as content to enjoy a happiness in a fancy, as others in a more apparent truth and reality. There is surely a nearer apprehension of any thing that delights us, in our dreams, than in our waked senses. Without this I were unhappy; for my awaked judgement discontents me, ever whispering unto me that I am from my friend, but my friendly dreams in the night requite me, and make me think I am within his arms. I thank God for my happy dreams, as I do for my good rest; for there is a satisfaction in them unto reasonable desires, and such as can be content with a fit of happiness. And surely it is not a melancholy conceit to think we are all asleep in this world, and that the conceits of this life are as mere dreams, to those of the next, as the phantasms of the night, to the conceit of the day. There is an equal delusion in both; and the one doth but seem to be the emblem or picture of the other. We are somewhat more than ourselves in our sleeps; and the slumber of the body seems to be but the waking of the soul. It is the ligation of sense, but the liberty of reason; and our waking conceptions

3 as happy as any.] All the MSS. and Edts. 1642 read, "the happiest man alive;"-and add the following passage; -"I have that in me, that can convert poverty into riches, adversity into prosperity; I am more invulnerable than Achilles; fortune hath not one place to hit me."-Ed.

4 waked senses.] Here all the MSS. and Edts. 1642 add, "with this I can be a king, without a crown, rich without royalty, in heaven though on earth, enjoy my friend and embrace him at a distance, without which I cannot behold him."—Ed.

1

do not match the fancies of our sleeps. At my nativity, my ascendant was the earthly sign of Scorpio. I was born in the planetary hour of Saturn,5 and I think I have a piece of that leaden planet in me. I am no way facetious, nor disposed for the mirth and galliardise of company; yet in one dream I can compose a whole comedy, behold the action, apprehend the jests, and laugh myself awake at the conceits thereof. Were my memory as faithful as my reason is then fruitful, I would never study but in my dreams, and this time also would I choose for my devotions: but our grosser memories have then so little hold of our abstracted understandings, that they forget the story, and can only relate to our awaked souls a confused and broken tale of that which hath passed. Aristotle, who hath written a singular tract of sleep, hath not methinks thoroughly defined it; nor yet Galen, though he seem to have corrected it; for those noctambulos and night-walkers, though in their sleep, do yet enjoy the action of their senses. We must therefore say that there is something in us that is not in the jurisdiction of Morpheus; and that those abstracted and ecstatick souls do walk about in their own corpses, as spirits with the bodies they assume, wherein they seem to hear, see, and feel, though indeed the organs are destitute of sense, and their natures of those faculties that should inform them. Thus it is observed, that men sometimes, upon the hour of their departure, do speak and reason above themselves. For then the soul begins to be freed from the ligaments of the body, begins to reason like herself, and to discourse in a strain above mortality.

SECT. term sleep a death; and yet it is waking that kills us, and destroys those spirits that are the house of life." "T is indeed a part of life that best expresseth death; for every man truly lives, so long as he acts his nature, or some way makes good the faculties of himself. Themistocles

5 planetary hour of Saturn,] After referring to several writers on judicial astrology, Moltke adds; "Sed propria experientia didici, Astrologiæ judiciaria parum esse tribuendum !"-Ed.

Johnson

6 galliardise] Merriment. quotes the present passage as the only authority for the use of this word, which he says is "not in use."-Ed.

7 it is observed, that men sometimes,] All the MSS. and Edts. 1642 read, "I observe that men oftentimes."-Ed. 8 sleep a death;] All the MSS. and Edts. 1642 read, "death a sleep."-Ed.

9 life.] In all the MSS. and Edts. 1642 the sentences, occupying the six following lines, to the words "discover it," are wanting."-Ed.

therefore, that slew his soldier in his sleep, was a merciful executioner: 't is a kind of punishment the mildness of no laws hath invented; I wonder the fancy of Lucan and Seneca did not discover it. It is that death by which we may be literally said to die daily; a death which Adam died before his mortality; a death whereby we live a middle and moderating point between life and death. In fine, so like death, I dare not trust it without my prayers, and an half adieu unto the world, and take my farewell1 in a colloquy with God:

The night is come, like to the day;
Depart not thou, great God, away.
Let not my sins, black as the night,
Eclipse the lustre of thy light.
Keep still in my horizon; for to me
The sun makes not the day, but thee.
Thou whose nature cannot sleep,
On my temples sentry keep;
Guard me 'gainst those watchful foes,
Whose eyes are open while mine close.
Let no dreams my head infest,
But such as Jacob's temples blest.
While I do rest, my soul advance;
Make my sleep a holy trance:

That I may, my rest being wrought,
Awake into some holy thought.
And with as active vigour run
My course as doth the nimble sun.

Sleep is a death;-0 make me try,
By sleeping, what it is to die!
And as gently lay my head
On my grave, as now my bed.
Howe'er I rest, great God, let me
Awake again at last with thee.
And thus assur'd, behold I lie
Securely, or to wake or die.

These are my drowsy days; in vain

I do now wake to sleep again :

O come that hour, when I shall never
Sleep again, but wake for ever!

This is the dormitive I take to bedward; I need no other laudanum than this to make me sleep; after which I close mine eyes in security, content to take my leave of the sun, and sleep unto the resurrection.

SECT. XIII. The method I should use in distributive justice, I often observe3 in commutative; and keep a geometrical

1 and take my farewell &c.] Instead of these words, all the MSS. and Edts. 1642 read, "It is a fit time for devotion; I cannot therefore lay me down in my bed without an oration and without takVOL. II.

ing my farewell &c."-Ed.

2 often] All the MSS. and Edts. 1642 read, also.-Ed.

3 distributive justice, &c.] "6 Justice, though it be but one entire virtue, yet is

I