MAS

Mat,manly or virile; virtuous, vigorous, themselves remain unknown.
nardy.
See MESH; and
the quotation below from Plinie.

And with thoportunite and noblesse of thy masculine
children, that is to sayn thy sonnes.-Chaucer. Boecius, b. ii.
The one imperfect, mortall, foeminine;
Th' other immortall, perfect masculine.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 9.

A constant and prudent zeal is the best testimony of our masculine and vigorous heats.-Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 15.

Aurelia

Tells me, you have done most masculinely within,
And play'd the orator.-B. Jonson. Catiline, Act iii. sc. 3.

But others expound ep'

to signifie masculinely, and to relate to Adam; viz. that in him we all sinned.

Bp. Taylor. Deus Justificatus.

The flowers serve to cherish and defend the first tender rudiments of the fruit: I might also add the masculine or prolifick seed contained in the chives or apices of the stamina-Ray. On the Creation, pt. i.

All other people have laid the foundations of Civil freedom in severer manners, and a system of a more austere and masculine morality.-Burke. On the French Revolution.

MASH. See MESH.

MASH, v. See SMASH. Skinner says,-A MASH, n. mash for a horse, perhaps from MA'SHY. the Ger. Mischen; Dut. Mirschen, (ie. the A. S. Misc-ian,) to mix or mingle; but the verb to mash he derives from the Fr. Mascher, to chew. The first etymology will be sufficient for noun and verb. As applied in brewing, to mash is simply

To mix, (sc.) malt with the water; to reduce to the state of things so mixed; to rub or beat into the same mixture.

Then Elinour taketh
The mash bol.

Skelton. Elinour, pt. ii.

The hens run in the mash fat.-Id. Ib.

He maye happe ere aught long, to fal into the meshing fatte
and tourne hymselfe into draffe, as the hogges of hel shal
feede vpon and fyll theyr belies therof.
Sir T. More. Workes, p. 679.
Let there be yokes of fresh and new-laid eggs, boil'd
derately hard to be mingl'd and mash'd with the mustard,
l and vinegar.-Evelyn. Acetaria.

I doubt mainly, I shal be i' th' mash too.
Beaum. & Fletch. The Captain, Act iii. sc. 3.
Bray. I have made a fayr mash on't.
B.Jonson. Every Man in his Humour, Act iv. sc. 11.

Suspended by the dreadful shock he hung,

The brazen beaks within his bosome rung;
Blood, bones, and entrails, mashing with the blow.
Rowe. Lucan, b. iii.

If you are ordered to break the claw of a crab or a lobster,
Fap it between the sides of the dining-room-door, between
The hinges: thus you can do it gradually without mashing
the meat, which is often the fate of the street-door key, or

the pestle.-Swift. To Servants. The Footman.

[The vintage nigh]

Then comes the crushing swain; the country floats,
And foams unbounded with the mashy flood.

Thomson. Autumn.

-Some expert
To raise from leaven'd wheat the kneaded loaf;
Dodsley. Agriculture, c. 1.

To su the malted barley, and extract
Its favour'd strength.

MASK, v.

Dut. Masche, mascke; Fr. Masquer, masque; It. Mascherare, maschera; Sp. Mascara; Fr. Masquerade; It. Mascherata; Sp. Mascara. The etymologists have written largely and elaborately upon this word, especially the contributors to the Ety

the face, worn to disguise it; an entertainment at
A mask is applied, first, to a visor or cover to
which the parties wore such masks; generally, an
entertainment or revelry; consequentially, a dis-
guise or concealment.

And all the worthy dwelling enuiroun
Young, fresh, and lusty he gadrid to the toun,
Maskewed his wals and his toures.

Lidgate. The Story of Thebes, pt. iii.

Thus in the net of my conceit,

I masked still among the sort

Of such as fed vpon the bayte,
That Cupide laide for his disporte.
Vncertaine Auctors. The Louer that once disdained Loue, &c.

Some haue I sene ere this, ful boldlie come daunce in a
maske, whose dauncing became theym so well, that yf theyr
vysours had beene of theyr faces, shame woulde not haue
suffrred theym to set forth a foote.
Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1039.
Cause them to be deprehended and take and their maskers
taken of and theyr hipocrisie to be dyscouered.
Id. Ib. p. 758.
Yet wrote he at an other tyme to pope Zachary, to see the
manifest abusyons of Rome reformed, specially theyr mask-
ynges in the night after the Pagan's manner.
Bale. English Votaries, pt. i.
Hoodwinked he [the workman] is sure ynough for seeing
the way too and fro, and hath a thicke coife or mask (persona
should bestow any [frankincense] in mouth or eares.
densusque reliculus) about his head, for doubt that hee
Holland. Plinie, b. xii. c. 14.

After whom marcht a jolly company,
In manner of a maske, enranged orderly.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 12.
One time the king came sodainly thither in a maske with
a dozen maskers all in garments like sheepeheards.
Stow. Hen. VIII. an. 1516.
And, when they ceast, it gan again to play
The whiles the maskers marched forth in trim aray.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 12.

So Demetrius threw aside his masker's habit, and attiring
himself poorly, did fearfully steal away out of his own camp.
Ralegh. Hist. of the World, b. iv. c. 7. s. 7.

And dimming the brightnesse of true honour, with the counterfeit shine of the contrarie, [they] so maskered his vnderstanding, that in the end they brought him to tract the steps of lewd demeanour, and so were causers both of his and their owne destruction.

Holinshed. History of England, an. 1377.

Mac. Wee'l first thank heauen
And then wee'l see some maskery.

Nabbes. The Unfortunate Mother, E. 3.
If it were but some mask-house, wherein a glorious (though
momentary) show were to be presented, neither white staves
nor halberts could keep you out.-Bp. Hall. Cont. b. iv.
And seen of life's delights the last extremes,
I found all but a rose hedg'd with a brier,
A naught, a thought, a masquerade of dreams.
Drummond. Urania, s. 2.

A bird's was proper, yet he scorns to wear
Any but that which might his thunder bear.
Down with his masquerading wings he flies
And bears the little Trojan to the skies.

Croxall. Ovid. Metam. b. x.
But the battery raised for the demolition of both [the
kingdom and priesthood of Jesus Christ] was masked with
such an hypocrisy as the world never saw before, nor (it is
to be hoped) will ever see again.

Horne. Works, vol. v. Dis. 9.
Meanwhile the face
Conceals the mood lethargic with a mask
Of deep deliberation, as the man
Were task'd to the full strength, absorb'd and lost.
Cowper. Task, b. iv.
What if I give a masquerade?—I will.
But how? aye, there's the rub! (pausing) I've got my cue:
The world's a masquerade! the maskers you, you, you.
Goldsmith. Epilogue to the Comedy of the Sisters.
The dreadful masquerader, thus equipt,
Out-sallies on adventures.-Young. Complaint, Night 5.
Fr. Masson;
Low Lat. Ma-
chio, or Macio. Du Cange de-
rives from
a

It is sayd of trouth, that al buyldynges are masoned and wroughte of diuerse stones, and all great ryuers are gurged and assemblede of diuers surges and sprynges of water. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 1.

The obelisks, of one whole stone
Neare fortie yards or more,
Huge pillers, caru'd in masonrie
With prowse of knights before.

Warner. Albion's England, b. xii. c. 74.
Obedient to the mason's call,
They roll the stones and raise the wall.

Cambridge. An Apology for writing Verse.
From its base
Ev'n to yon turrets trim, and taper spires,
All is of choicest masonry.

See the quotation from Grew. Masorah, a certain Critica Sacra, wherein are delivered the varieties of writing and reading throughout the Old Testament, not performed by any other author, but the successive labours of many, and continued for some hundreds of years, probably begun about the time of the Mackabees, certainly before the Jerusalem Talmud, a Hebrew comment on the law; which is observed to mention some of the masoretick notes, and was first published, as saith Calvisius, in the year of our Lord 396.

Grew. Cosmo. Sacra, b. iv. c. 1.

Ye have an author great beyond exception, Moses; and one yet greater, he who hedg'd in from abolishing every smallest jot and tittle of precious equity contained in that law, with a more accurate and lasting masoreth, than either the synagogue of Ezra or the Galilæan school at Tiberias hath left us.-Milton. Doct. of Divorce. To the Parlament. MASQUERA'DE.

Wherto was wrought the masse of this huge hors?
Surrey. Virgile. Æneis, b. ii.
The vessels eke that were of massy gold,
And vestures spoiled, were gather'd all in heap.

Id. Ib. b. iv.
Belike bicause lande and mountaines are rare, which
minister cause and matter of tempests, and because a deepe
masse of continuall sea is slower sturred to rage.
Savile. Tacitus. Agricola, p. 188.
purposed and prepared to flye the land, hauing alreadie
Wee bee certainly informed, that our said enemie is
made ouer great masses of the treasure of our crowne, the
better to support him in forraine parts.

Bacon. Hen. VII. p. 159
On which there stood an image all alone
Of massy gold.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 11, Matchable to these was the famous platter of Esope the Tragædian, saue that it was more notorious for the daintinesse of the provision which he served in it, then for the massines of the dish itselfe.-Hakewill. Apol. b. iv. c.7. s..

There shall we find, that when the world began,
One common mass compos'd the mould of man,
One paste of flesh on all degrees bestow'd,
And kneaded up alike with moistening blood.

MASK, n. MASKER, n. MASKER, V. MASKERY. MASKERA'DE, Or MASQUERA'DE, n. MASQUERA'DER. MASKING, M. gique de la Langue Françoise of Menage; all yunsatisfactorily. (See them.) Salmasius,the Gr. Barkava, (fascinum,) larva, worn to fascination. Menage and Skinner, from the or joke. (See also wall. Others from Machine, because the builders for close engagement: wielded by a strong and skilful arm

Dryden. Sigismonda & Guiscardo.
No sideboards then with gilded plate were dress'd,
No sweating slaves with massive dishes press'd.
Congreve. Juvenal, Sat. 11.
The common military a massive weapon,

it stabs and cuts, opens dreadful gashes where it falls, severs
limbs, lops the head, or cleaves the body.
Bp. Horsley, vol. i. Ser. 7.
Rude was the pile, and massy proof,
That first uprear'd its haughty roof,
On Windsor's brow sublime, in warlike state.
Warton. Ode for the New Year, 1798.

MASS, n.

It [Jacobinism] stands chiefly upon a violation of property, massacring by judgments or otherwise those who make any struggle for their old regal government, and their legal hereditary or acquired possessions.

Fr. Messe; It. Messa; Sp. MASS, v. Messa. The word was introduced MA'SSER. into the northern languages also. MA'SSING, n. Skinner says, Bar. Lat. Missa, and Vossius, that it is undoubtedly used-a mittendo pro missio; the people being dismissed when the services were ended, with the words "Ite, missa est." Various other reasons are assigned for the derivation; but this seems the most probable. assassins, massacrers, and septembrisers. Tyndall (see the quotation from him) adopts the Hebrew etymology. See MISSAL.

Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 1.

In Skinner we have the etymologies of the word massacre: I think that they are all wrong, and that it comes from marti sacrum.-Jortin. Tracts, vol. i. p. 439.

- & at ys masse hym seyde,

Syre byssop, wy ne gyfst us of thyne wyte brede
That thou est the sulf at thy masse.-R. Gloucester, p. 238.
The thrid day of Aduent, bifor Cristes messe,
The kyng a seknes hent.

Hitherto it seems we have put wax into our ears to shut them up against the tender, soothing strains of regicides, Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 1.

MAST. A. S. Mast, mast-cyp; Dut. and MA'STED. Ger. Mast; Dut. Mast-boom; Ger. Mast-baum; Fr. Mas; Sp. Mastil. In A. S. Ger, and Dut. the word is used in conjunction with R. Brunne, p. 103. cyp, a beam, Dut. Boom, Ger. Baum, and may be the adjective most; the greatest, the chief, the principal beam or pole. See Junius.

A Goddes halfpeny, or a masse peny;
Or yeve us of your braun, if ye haue any.

Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7331.

Thys worde masse is not in the Byble translated by Saynt Jerome, nor in none other that we haue.

Bible, 1551. A Table of the pryncipall Matters.

I doubt not but that it was called masse of his Hebrue woord misach, which signifieth a pension geuyng, because that at euery masse mé gaue euery man a portio accordyng vnto his power vnto the sustentation of the poore. Tyndall. Workes, p. 323. This holy success our of Peter and Vicar of Christ (as they call Popes) was accused of his Cardinalles and Bishoppes vnto the Emperour Otho in the general Sinode at Rome, that he would say no seruice, he massed wyth out consecration, &c.-Bale. English Votaries, pt. i.

A good masser, and so forth: but no true gospel-preacher. Id. Yet a Course, (1543,) p. 38. Were it not pyttie but they were canonysed sayntes, & their feastfull daies solempnized twyse in the yeare, with ryngynges, syngynges, sensinges, & massinges, as thys Cuthbertes were, and are yet to this daye?-Id. E.Vot. pt.i. The chastyte of hys masmongers.-Id. Ib.

For the fyrst three [consyderacions] a priest aughte not (he sayth) to astayne from his masse-sayeng.-Id. Ib.

The witlessly-malicious Prosopopey, wherein my refuter brings in the reverend and peerlesse Bishop of London, pleading for his wife to his metropolitan, becomes wel the mouth of a scurrile masse-priest, and is worthy nothing but a scorne.-Bp Hall. Honour of Maried Clergie, b. ii. s. 7 Many nations there be even at this day, and such as enjoy peace and know not what warre meaneth, whose wealth and riches lyeth principally in mast: yea, and elsewhere in time of dearth and for want of other graine, folke use to drie their mast, grind it into meale, temper it with water, and thereof make dough for bread.-Holland. Plinie, b. xvi. c. 5.

There is indeed one sort of sacrifice, which if it were true, (as it is confidently pretended) would be really an available propitiation for sin; and that is, the repeating of the great sacrifice of the death of Christ; which those of that communion now mentioned affirm to be done daily in their sacrifice of the mass. But this, the Apostle expressly tells us, is impossible.-Clarke, vol. ii. Ser. 137.

Importing or selling mass-books, or other popish books, is by Statute 3 Jac. c. 5. § 25. only liable to a penalty of forty shillings. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 8.

MA'SSACRE, v.
MA'SSACRE, n.
MA'SSACRER.

Fr. Massacrer; It. Macellare. Skinner thinks, from the It. Mazzare, to kill (properly) with the stroke or blow of a club or mace; It. Mazza; Fr. Masse. See the quotation from Jortin. Generally

To slaughter or slay :-it appears to be applied, when little or no resistance is or can be made, and the carnage or butchery is indiscriminately murderous. See the quotation from Dryden.

And passing Dee, with hardy enterprise
Shall backe repulse the valiaunt Brockwell twise,
And Bangor with massacred martyrs fill.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 3.

He [Praxiteles] expressed moreover in brasse and that most lively Harmodius and Aristogiton, massacring the tyrant Pisistratus.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxxiv. c. 8.

But he was diverted from that determination by a sorrow

The beam or pole set up in the ship or vessel,
to support or carry the main-sail.
Behind the maste beginneth he to flee.

Chaucer. The Legend of Cleopatra.

But all to broke mast and cable,
So that the ship with sodaine blaste
(When men leste wene) is ouercast.-Gower. Con. A. b. i.

His spear, to equal which the tallest pine,
Hewn on Norwegian hills to be the mast
Of some great ammiral, were but a wand,
He walkt with to support uneasie steps,

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. i.
Their sails are tatter'd, and their masts are spent.
Dryden. Ovid. Dido to Eneas.
For no where far
From some transparent river's naval course
Arise, and fall, our various hills and vales,
No where far distant from the masted wharf.

Dyer. The Fleece, b. iii.
Along whose high pil'd base
The port capacious, in a moon'd embrace,
Throws her mast-forest, waving on the gale
The vanes of ev'ry shore that hoist the sail.
Mickle. Almada Hill.
Great was the joy, when at day break in the morning the
man at the mast-head announced a square-rigged vessel in
view.-Observer, No. 89.

MAST.
MA'STFUL.

MA'STLESS.

A. S. Mast: Ger. and Dut.
Mæst, glandes, suum sagina,
acorns, pig's meat; from Ger.
Masten; Dut. Mesten, saginare, to fatten, (Skin-
ner.) A. S. Mast, glans, mast, to fat swine withall,
Mast-an, ge-mæst-an, to cramme or make fat, as
swine with mast, (Somner.)

But some from seeds enclos'd in earth arise;
For thus the mastful chestnut mates the skies.
Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. ii.
Her shining hair, uncomb'd, was loosely spread,
A crown of mastless oak adorn'd her head.

MA'STER, n.
MA'STER, V.
MA'STERDOM.

MA'STERFULL.

MA'STERLESS.
MA'STERLY, adj.
MA'STERLY, ad.
MA'STEROUS.
MA'STERSHIP.
MA'ISTRESS, or
MISTRESS.

Id. Ib.

Fr. Maistre; It. Maestro; Sp. Maestro; Lat. Magister, which (Vossius) is either from magis, greater, as minister from minus, or rather from the Gr. Meyioros, the greatest. See MAGISTRACY. The word exists in all the northern languages. Dut. Meester; Ger. Meister; Sw. Mestare; A. S. Mæster, magister; and Junius derives it from A. S. Mast; Dut. Meest; Ger. Meist; Sw. Mest. It is probably from the A. S. verb Mag-an, posse, to may; and see ER. A master, then, is one who has most, (sc.) power or skill; and, consequentially,-

1. A ruler, governor, commander, manager, conductor, director; owner or possessor; opposed to-servants, or those ruled, &c.

2. One possessing most, or a greater degree of skill or knowledge; one who excels or is eminent for his skill or knowledge; a doctor or teacher,

ful message, that the cohort was massacred by the fraude of opposed to-scholar, or to those taught. the Agrippinensis.-Savile. Tacitus. Historie, p. 180.

And from her slumber waken'd with alarms,
Riseth to sing of many a massacre.

Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. ii.
Slaughter grows murther when it goes too far,
And makes a massacre what was a war.

Dryden. Conquest of Mexico, Act v. sc. 2.

Masterful, powerful, mighty, is sometimes
used to denote an excess; as full, too full of the
idea of being master; domineering, imperious.
Maistress, now written mistress, (qv.)
Master, in composition,-chief, principal. Mais-
ter tour, the chief tower. See MAIDEN TOWER.

Edward had the maistri, & thanked God his grace.

R. Brunne, p. 27. And a scribe neighede, and seide to him, Maister, I schal sue thee whider ever thou schalt go.-Wiclif. Matt. c. 8.

And there came a scribe and said vnto him: Master, 1 wil folow ye whither soeuer thou goest.-Bible, 1551. Ib. And the domesman bitake thee to a maystirful axer, [exactori], and the maysterful axer sende thee into prisoun. Wiclif. Luke, c. 12.

And when this maister that this magike wrought,
Saw it was time, he clapped his houndes two,
And farewel, al the revel is ago.

Chaucer. The Frankeleines Tale, v. 11,516.
This maid of which I tell my tale expresse,
She kept hireseife, hire neded no maistresse;
For in hire living maidens mighten rede,
As in a book, every good word and dede,
That longeth to a maiden vertuous.

Id. The Doctoures Tale, v. 12,04-
Sometime to shew his lightnesse and maistrie
He plaieth Herode on the scaffold hie.

Id. The Milleres Tale, v. 3384.
Of his free will he swore hire as a knight,
That never in all his lif he day me night
Ne shu.de take upon him no maistrie
Agains hire will.-Id. The Frankeleines Tale, v. 11,658.
And eke amidde this purprise

Was made a tour of great maistrise,

A fairer saugh no man with sight,

Large and wide, and of great might.-Id. Rom. of the Rose.
And cursed the time that euer slouth

Should haue such masterdome of trouth. Id. Dreame.
Withouten felousie, and such debate:

Shall no busbonde saine to me checke mate,
For either they be full of jelousie,

Or masterfull, or louen novelrie.-Id. Troil. & Cres. b. ii.
But Christ for us that shed his blode,
Bad his priests no maistership have,
Ne carke not for clothis ne fode.

Id. The Plowman's Tale, pt. iii.
The noblest of the Grekes that ther were
Upon hire shuldres carrieden the bere
With slacke pas, and eyen red and wete
Thurghout the citee, by the maister-strele.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2904.
Jason is romed forth to the citie,
That whylome cleped was Jasconicos
That was the master-toune of all Colcos.

Id. The Legend of Dido.

And som of hem wondred on the mirrour,
That born was up in to the maister-four,
How men mighte in it swich thinges see.

Gower. Con. A. b. v.

Id. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,540.
Wherof the worlde is yet maruailed
Of the maistries that he wrought.
Anone into melancolie,
As though it were a fransie
He fell, as which nothynge couthe
How maisterfull loue is in youthe.

Id. Ib. b. iii.

I know one that departed ye court for no other cause the that she would no lenger betray her mastresse.

Tyndall. Workes, p. 368.
Howbeit if hys mastershyppe be not fully pacified, let hym
more groundly open hys mynde.-Fryth. Workes, p. 50.
Ne could that painter (had he lived yet)
Which pictur'd Venus with so curious quill,
That all posteritie admyred it,
Have purtray'd this, for all his maistring skill.
Spenser. Hymn. To Heavenly Beautie.
With cruell chaufe their courages they whet,
The mayster dome of each by force to gaine.

Id. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 2.

O, had I now your manner, maistry, might,
Your power of handling, shadow, ayre, and spright,
How I would draw, and take hold and delight.

B. Jonson. The Poet to the Painter. Even so it comes many times into my mind to say thus that sophistical and masterful syllogisme KupITTWV; My unto one that draweth by head and shoulders into a feast,

good friend what is this to Bacchus ?

Holland. Plutarch, p. 528.
But she was fallen into great sicknesse,
And heard sayne, for not might it ben hid,
How masterfull a leech he had him kid.

Browne. The Shepheard's Pipe, Ecl. 1.
His silver shield now idle, maisterlesse.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 7.

Would you not deeme it breath'd? and that those veins
Did verily beare blood?

Pol. Masterly done:

The very life seems warme vpon her lippe.

Shakespeare. Winter's Tale, Act v. sc. 3.

Most we learn from canons and quaint sermonings, interAnd with barbarous Latin, to illumine a period, to wreath an enthymema with masterous dexterity.

Milton. Apology for Smectymnuus.

The kinds of this seignoury, Seneca makes two: the one, piestas aut imperium, power or command: the other, proprietas aut dominium, propriety or mastership: the correlative of the one is the subject, of the other the slave.

Ralegh, History of the World, b. i. c. 9. s. 1.

What good in parts in many shar'd we see,

From Nature, gracious Heaven, or Fortune flow,
To make a master-piece of worth below,
Heaven, Nature, Fortune, gave in gross to thee.

Drummond. On the Death of a Nobleman.

Let us not number, but weigh your texts: the rather, for that I find these as your master-proofes, set as challengers in every of your defences.

Bp. Hall. An Apology against the Brownists.
Yet let me touch one point of this great act,
That famous seige, the master-work of all.

Daniel. On the Death of the Erle of Devonshire.

Those masters then, but seen, not understood,

With generous emulation fir'd thy blood:

For what in nature's dawn the child admir'd,
The youth endeavour'd, and the man acquir'd.

Dryden. Ep. To Sir Godfrey Kneller.

With just bold strokes he dashes here and there,
Showing great mastery with little care,
Scorning to varnish his good touches o'er,
To make the fools and women praise the more.
Rochester. Allusion to Horace, b. i. Sat. 10.

One single person has performed in this translation, what
once despair'd to have seen done by the force of several
aleriy hands.-Theobald. Censor, vol. ii. p. 33.
Then to preserve the fame of such a deed,
For Python slain, he Python games decreed,
Where noble youths for mastership should strive
To quoit, to run, and steeds and chariots drive.
Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. i.

Should you no honey vow to taste,
But what the master-bees have plac'd
In compass of their cells, how small

A portion to your share will fall.

Waller. To Zelinda.

- The lentiskes also have their rosin, which they call mastick.
Holland. Plinie, h. xiv. c. 20.
Or Gellia wore a velvet mastick patch
Upon her temples when no tooth did ach.

Bp. Hall, b. ví. Sat. 1.
As for the small particles of brick and stone, the least
moistness would join them together, and turn them into a
kind of mastich, which those insects could not divide.

And on the structure next he heaps a load
Of sulphur, turpentine, and mastic wood.

Addison.

Garth. The Dispensary, c. 3.
MA'STIFF. Fr. Mestif, mastin; It. Mastino;
Skinner derives from maesten, sagi-
Sp. Mastin.
nare, to fatten, because it is a dog of a large size,
and on that account appears the fatter. Minshew,
~from maison tenant, because he keeps or guards
the house. Manwood, as in the quotation from

Pennant.

On ther first eschel he smot in fulle hastif,
& thorgh tham ilka del, als grehound or mastif.
R. Brunne, p. 189.
The mastiffe dog is voyded well
that barcks or ere he bite.
Turbervile. To Browne of Light Beliefe.
As when an eager mastiffe once doth prove
The taste of bloud of some engored beast,
No words may rate, nor rigour him remove
From greedy hold of that his blouddy feast.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 9.

Two mastiffs gaunt and grim her flight pursu'd,
And oft their fasten'd fangs in blood embru'd,
Oft they came up, and pinch'd her tender side,
Mercy, O mercy, heav'n," she ran and cry'd.

Dryden. Theodore & Honoria.

The next is the mastiff or ban dog, a species of great size
Manwood (Forest
and strength, and a very loud barker.
Law) says, it derives its name from Mase the thefe, being
supposed to frighten away robbers by its tremendous voice.
Pennant. British Zoology. The Mastiff.

MAT, v.
MAT, n.

A. S. Meatta, meatte; Dut.
Matte; Ger. Matte; Sw. Matta;
M
Lat. Matta, which Martinius de-
rives from the Heb. Mittah, a bed or couch.
Wachter, from Ger. Meid-en; A. S. Mithan, to
cover. The Fr. Natte, from Lat. Matta, (Menage.)
Applied to--

An intertexture or interweaving of rushes, straw,
or other material. And to mat,-

To cover or protect with mat; also, to interweave into a close or thick mass; to close, thicken, or join closely into one mass.

At length I on a fountain light,

Whose brim with pinks was platted;
The bank with daffadillies dight
With grass, like sleave was matted.

Drayton. The Quest of Cynthia.
In the skin the fibers are matted as wool is in a hat;

Nor are the masterly strokes perceived with more exque which is a kind of artificial skin.-Grew. Cosmo. Sac. b. i. c. 4.

e relish and satisfaction, than the negligencies or absurCes with disgust and uneasiness.-Hume, pt. i. Ess. 1.

His master-lust

Palls first before his resolute rebuke,
And seems dethron'd and vanquish'd.-Cowper. Task, b.v.

MA'STICATE, v. MASTICATION. MA'STICATORY.

Fr. Mastication, masti- catoire ; It. Masticare, masticazione; Sp. Masticar. Lat. of the Lower Ages, Masticare, i. e. andere cibum, dentibus terere, manducare; Gr. Marrafe, (Voss. de Vit. lib. iv. c. 13.)

To chew the food, to bruise or crush it with the

teeth.

Flees breed principally in straw or mats, where there hath
been a little moisture.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 696.
The knotted oaks shall showers of honey weep,
And through the matted grass the liquid gold shall creep.
Dryden. Virgil, Past. 4.
Or on the mat devoutly kneeling,
Would lift her eyes up to the ceiling.

Swift. The Progress of Love.
Born of rich parentage, and nicely bred,
She lodg'd on down, and in a damask bed.
Yet fearing not the dangers of the deep,
On a hard mattress is content to sleep.

Dryden. Juvenal, Sat. 6.
Where Cam, meandering thro' the matted reeds,
With loitering wave his groves of laurel feeds.
Warton. The Triumph of Isis.
MATACHIN. Fr. Matachin, matassin; It.
Mattacini; Sp. Matachin. Danza de matachenes,
a dance with swords, in which they fence and
strike one at another, as if they were in earnest,
receiving the blows on the bucklers, and keeping

The external "grinders" of the food, the teeth, "shall time; so called from Matar, to kill, because they
seem to kill one another, (Delpino.) I believe,
says Skinner, from the It. Matto, (mad,) from the
mad gestures which the dancers use. Mr. Douce
supposes the names Dance of fools (quære madcaps)
and Dance of matachins to be equivalent.

Now move to war her sable matadores,
In show like leaders of the swarthy Moors.

Pope. The Rape of the Lock, c. 3.

MATCH, n. Fr. Mèche, meiche; It. Miccia, miccio; Sp. Mecha; Low Lat. Myra, ellychnium lucernæ, from the Gr. Muga, which (Vossius) properly signifies mucus, but metaphorically-ellychnium, quodque emungitur de lucernâ. Cotgrave explains the Fr. Meiche,

The wick or snuff of a candle; the match of a lamp; also, match for a harquebuse. It is applied to

Any unctuous or resinous substance; or a ma terial dipped in an unctuous or resinous substance, for the purpose of speedy ignition.

Of the grapes which this Palma Christi, or Ricinus doth carie, there be made excellent wicks or matches for lamps and candles, which will cast a most cleare light. [Ellychnia claritatis præcipuæ.]-Holland. Plinie, b. xxiii. c. 4.

Nor will it [the smoke of sulphur] easily light a candle, until that spirit be spent, and the flame approacheth the match.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 12.

We took a piece of match, such as soldiers use, of the thickness of a man's little finger, or somewhat thicker.

MATCH, v.
MATCH, n.
MATCHABLE.
MA'TCHING, n.
MA'TCHLESS.

Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 29. See To MAKE, v.

To pair or couple, to intermarry. Matchless, that do not match; that cannot be matched.

A match, (e. g. at cricket,) in which the contending parties are matched or made equivalent to each other, or opposed, as of equivalent skill or strength.

Right as our first letter is now an A
In beautie first so stood she makeles,
Her goodly looking gladed all the prees.

Chaucer. Troil. & Cres. b. i.

But certes she was euil matched,
And fer from all loues kinde.

Gower. Con. A. b. v. Than the kynge sayde, is my sonne deed or hurt, or on the yerthe felled; no sir quoth the knight, but he is hardely matched, wherfore he hathe nede of your ayde.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 130.

If al such as beleue wel theselfe, wer as loth to hear any
word spoken wrong against ye faith, as they wold be to
speake it thyem selfe: there shoulde neither felowship of
their matches nor feare of any such as are after the worldly
compt accompted for theyr betters any thing let or w'stād
the both by worde, and countenance to shew them self
plainly to hate and detest and abhorre utterlye, the pestilent
contagion of al such smoky comunication.
Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1035.
Some raign'd, whose acts of state did grace the stage,
By rebels' ruines, strangers put to shame,
Which might have match'd the best of any age,
If they had beene as fortunate to fame."
Stirling. Domes-day. The sixth Houre.
Ferrers his taberd with rich verry spread,
Well known in many a warlike match before.
Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. ii.
To tell my forces matchable to none,
Were but lost labour. Spenser. The Ruines of Time.
Yet we durst not venture, or so much as once thinke
vpon the matching of them.-Hakewill. Apologie, c. 2. s. 3.
Als as she double spake, so heard she double,
With matchlesse eares deformed and distort
Fil'd with false rumors and sedition's trouble.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 1.
Oh think me not
So dull a devil, to forget the loss
Of such a matchless wife as I possess'd.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Knight of Malta, Act v. sc. 1.
But sharp remembrance on the English part
And shame of being match'd by such a foe,
Rouse conscious virtue up in every heart,
And seeming to be stronger makes them so.

Dryden. Annus Mirabilis.

μale, discere, docere, to learn or teach.
See the quotation from Horne, and, for an
especial usage, see that from Grew.

The third point of theorike,
Whiche cleped is mathematike,
Deuided is in sondrie wise,

And stant vpon diuers apprise. Gower. Con. A. b. vii.
But let my masters mathematical

Tel you the rest.-Skelton. Why come ye not to Court? Anon after he set vp a great scole at Cauntorbury of al maner of scyences, as rhetorick, logyck, phylosophy, mathesy, astrologi, geometrye, arithmeticke, and musicke."

Bale. English Votaries, pt. i.

A mathematical chamber, furnished with all sorts of mathematical instruments, being an appendix to a library. Cowley. Ess. The College.

Mr. Selden, whose volume of natural and national laws proves, not only by great authorities brought together, but by exquisite reasons and theorems, almost mathematically demonstrative, that all opinions, yea errors, known, read, speedy attainment of what is truest. and collated, are of main service and assistance toward the Milton. Of Unlicensed Printing.

Mathematicians, among the Romans, were, for some time,

specially meant of astrologers, or star prophets; as appears in Suetonius, and others, best skill'd in language of their own country.-Grew. Cosmo. Sacra, b. v. c. 4. p. 327.

I have mentioned mathematicks as a way to settle in the

mind an habit of reasoning closely and in train; not that I think it necessary that all men should be deep mathemati

Therfore he that ioyneth his virgyn in matrymonye doith rel, and he that ioyneth not doith bettre.-Wiclif. 1 Cor. c.7.

Now shalt thou understonde, that matrimony is leful assembling of man and woman, that receuen by virtue of this sacrement the bonde thurgh whiche they may not he departid la all hir lif, that is to say, while they live bothe.

Chaucer. The Persones Tale.

The misinterpreting of the scripture directed mainly rainst the abusers of the law for divorce given by Moses, bath chang'd the blessing of matrimony not seldom into a familiar and co-inhabiting mischief; at least into a drooping and disconsolate houshold captivity, without refuge or reCemption-Milton. Doct, and Discip. of Divorce, b. i. Pref. From whose two loynes thou afterwards did ryse, Most famous fruites of matrimoniall bowre.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 3. Yet Moses, as if foreseeing the miserable work that man's norance and pusillanimity would make in this matrimonibusiness, and endeavouring his utmost to prevent it, descends in this place to such a methodical and schoolEke way of defining and consequencing, as in no place of the whole law more.-Milton. Tetrachordon.

To this sagacious confessor he went,

And told her what a gift the gods had sent:

But told it under matrimonial seal,

With strict injunction never to reveal.

Dryden. The Wife of Bath's Tale.

He is so matrimonially wedded unto his church, that he cannot quit the same, even on the score of going into a religious house.-Ayliffe. Parergon.

With respect to the main article in matrimonial alliances, a total alteration has taken place in the fashion of the ward; the wife now brings money to her husband, whereas Augiently the husband paid money to the family of the wife; as was the case amongst the Jewish patriarchs, the Greeks, and the old inhabitants of Germany. Paley. Moral Philosophy, b. iii. c. 8.

Fr. Matrone; It. and Sp. Matrona; Lat. Matrona, from mater, (Vossius.) Perhaps materna, (sc. femina,) a woman,

Of a motherly character; of a motherly age; of ge or character, befitting, or suited to perform, the duties of a mother.

And whan that this matron herde

The maner how this knight answerde,

She saide, ha treson, wo the bee,

That haste thus tolde the priuitee,

Which all women most desire.

Gower, Con. A. b. i.

Yet did that auncient matrone all she might,
To cherish her with all things choice and rare.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 12.

And amongst others. he [Maximilian] had herd of the
aute and vertuous behaviour of the young Queen of
apies, the widdow of Ferdinando the younger, being then
matronall yeares of seuen and twentie.

Bacon. King Hen. VII. p. 218.

Which doen, she up arose, with seemely grace,
And toward them full matronely did pace.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 10.

Mall once in pleasant company by chance,
wish that you for company would dance,
Which you refus'd, and said, your yeares require,
Now, elatron-like, both manners and attire."
Harrington, b. iv. Epig. 45.

For thee the soldier bleeds, the matron mourns,
And wasteful war in all its fury burns.
Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. vi.

She, wretched matron, forc'd in age for bread,

To

strip the brook with mantling cresses spread,

To pick her wintry faggot from the thorn,

To seek her nightly shed, and weep till morn;

She only left of all the harmless train,
The sad historian of the pensive plain,

Goldsmith. The Deserted Village.

Let us suppose, then, that our gracious sovereign was
regiously murdered; his exemplary queen, at the head
matronage of this land, murdered in the same manner.
Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 1.

Safe in the bosom of a sylvan scene,
Amidst projecting shades of varied green,
ke some fair matron form in cypress veil'd,
litude sweet Yester lies conceal'd.-Boyse. Retirement.

VOL. II.

MATTER, n.

MATTER, V.
MATTERLESS.
MATTERY.

MATERIAL.
MATERIAL, N.
MATERIALISM.

MATERIALIST.

MATERIALITY.
MATERIALIZE, v.
MATERIALLY.
MATERIATE, adj.

Fr. Matière; It. Materia; Sp. Materia; Lat. Materies: putamus a matre dici materies, quia in corporum ratione se matris instar habet, (Vossius.) Matter is applied

to,

We remain sufficiently satisfied from Moses, and the doctrine delivered of the Creation, that is,-a production of all things out of nothing; a formation not onely of matter, but of form, and a materiation even of matter itself.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 1

Body stands for a solid extended figured substance, whereof matter is but a partial, and more confused conception, it seeming to me to be used for the substance and solidity of body without taking in its extension and figure. Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 10. s. 15.

case every particle of matter must consist of innumerable, separate, and distinct consciousnesses, no system of it in any possible composition or division, can be any individual conscious being.-Clarke. Leller to Mr. Dodwell.

That of which any thing is formed or fashioned, Matter being a divisible substance, consisting always of composed, constructed, conseparable, nay of actually separate and distinct parts, 'tis stituted; that which is sub-plain, that unless it were essentially conscious, in which jected or supposed; (met.) MATERIA'TION. a subject, an object; object in view, pursued or followed, contemplated, considered; considered or deemed, esteemed or valued as worthy of pursuit, of gaining, acquiring, or possessing; of perceiving, knowing, or understanding. Also applied to

The corrupt liquid secreted from a sore or wound.
To matter, to form such corrupt secretion.
To be (met.) or be deemed, considered or
esteemed worthy of pursuit, of value or weight,
of moment or importance; to import; to estimate
or esteem; to value.

Material is used literally, and also met. (thus)
pertaining to the matter or subject; important,
momentous, weighty, substantial, essential.

See the quotations from Locke, Clarke, Berke-
ley, Stewart, and Belsham, for certain philoso-
phical usages.

And if thou canst not tellen me anon,
Yet wol I yeve thee leave for to gon
A twelvemonth and a day, to seek and lere
An answer suffisant in this matere.

Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Tale, v. 6492.
"Certis," quod they, "we putten our dede, and all oure
matere, and cause, al holly in youre good will."
Id. The Tale of Melibeus.

And we therefore
Ben taught of that was written tho,
For thy good is, that we also
In our time amonge us here

Do write of newe some mattere.-Gower. Con. A. Prol.
Ye say they vnderstonde it in an allegory sense, and per-
ceined well that hee meant not of hys materiall body to
bee eaten with their teeth.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 460.

I meane not his materiall crosse that he himself dyed on,
but a spirituall crosse, which is aduersitie, tribulation,
worldly depression, &c.-Fryth. Workes, p. 5.
And bring him in materialities.

Skelton. The Boke of Colin Clout.
For Sosianus and Sagitta were men vile and of no account,
neither mattered it where they liued.

Savile. Tacitus. Historie, p. 161.
Well worthie stock from which the branches sprong,
That in late yeares so faire a blossom bare,
As thee, O queene, the matter of my song.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 4.

Sometimes,

A poem, of no grace, weight. art, in rimes,
With specious places, and being humour'd right,
More strongly takes the people with delight,
And better stayes them there, then all fine noise
Of verse meere matter-lesse, and tinkling toies.
B. Jonson. Horace. The Art of Poelry.
Jul. Away with your matterie sentences, Momus; they
are too grave, and wise, for this meeting.
Id. Poetaster, Act iv. sc. 4.

Concerning the materials of seditions. It is a thing well
to be considered for the surest way to prevent seditions (if
the times do beare it) is to take away the matter of them.
Bacon. Of Seditions.
That were too long their infinite contents
Here to record, ne much materiall.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 10.
They religiously, and with invocation, brought with them
to it, a ceremonial banquet, materials for sacrifice, with two
white bulls, filletted on the horns, all which they placed
under the oak.-Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 9. Selden. Illust.
Some men have thought of a seventh way, and explicate
our praying in the spirit by a mere volubility of language:
which indeed is a direct undervaluing the Spirit of God and
of Christ, the spirit of manifestation and intercession; and
is to return to the materiality and imperfection of the law.
Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 2.

But Boetius de Boot, physician unto Ridulphus the
Second, hath recompensed this defect, and in his tract,
de Lapidibus et Gemmis, speaks very materially hereof.
Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 3.

For certain it is, that it is more difficult to make gold
(which is the most ponderous and materiate amongst
metalles) of other metalles, less ponderous, and less mate-
riate than (vice versa) to make silver of lead, or quicksilver.
Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 326.
1265

The soul, therefore, whose power of thinking is undeniably one individual consciousness, cannot possibly be a material substance.-Id. Ib.

I deny that there is any unthinking substratum of the objects of sense, and in that acceptation that there is any material substance. But if by material substance is meant only sensible body, that which is seen and felt, then am I more sensible of matter's existence, than you or any

other philosopher, pretend to be.-Berkeley, Dial. 3.

I looked upon her hand, and finding it all mattery, bathed

it with a decoction of, &c.—Wiseman." Surgery, b. i. c. 17.

The herpes beneath mattered and were dried up with the common epuloticks.-Id. Ib.

[Virgil has] with wonderful art and beauty materialized (if I may so call it) a scheme of abstracted notions, and clothed the most nice, refined conceptions of philosophy in sensible images and poetical representations.

Tatler, No. 115.

By this means [the invention of letters] we materialize our ideas, and make them as lasting as the ink and paper, their vehicles.-Guardian, No. 172.

When we attempt to explain the nature of that principle which feels and thinks and wills, by saying, that it is a material substance, or that it is the result of material organization, we impose on ourselves by words; forgetting, that matter as well as mind is known to us by its qualities and attributes alone, and that we are totally ignorant of the essence of either.-Stewart. Of the Hum. Mind, pt. i. Introd.

My aim at ev'ry hour

Is to be well with those in pow'r,
And my material point of view,

Whoever's in, to be in too. Churchill. The Ghost, b. iv.

By the adversaries of the hypothesis of materialism it is urged, in a lofty and triumphant tone, that the known essential properties of matter are absolutely inconsistent with perception and activity, the essential attributes of the mind.-Beisham. Philosophy of the Mind, c. 11. s. 1.

The materialists, as they are commonly called, though with some impropriety of expression, maintain, that man consists of one uniform substance, the object of the senses; and that perception, with its modes, is the result, necessary or otherwise, of the organization of the brain. Id. Ib.

For had not this disorder'd chaos been;
Had not these angels caus'd it by their sin;
Nor had compacted earth, nor rock, nor stone,
Nor gross materiality been known.

to Aurora; and matuta, from mane, (optima diei pars.) See Vossius.

The morning; the break or dawn of day; the beginning or early part of day.

In the Roman Catholic Church,-Matins, officium horæ matutine, forms the third watch of the monastic day, (sc.) from three till six o'clock, A. m. Mattens-ed-seems a splenetic coinage of Bale.

In chyrche he was deuout y now, vor hym ne ssolde non
day abyde,

That he ne hurde masse & malyns and eueson & eche
tyde.
R. Gloucester, p. 369

They say that knowe hym: he sayeth none at all, neither Mattins, Euensonge, nor Masse, nor commeth at no churche, but eyther to gase or talke.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 415.

And whan theyr feastfull dayes come, they are yet in the papystyck churches of Englande with no small solempnite mattensed, massed, candeled, lyghted, processyoned, sensed, smoked, perfumed and worshypped.-Bale. Eng. Vol. pt. i

Which th' only sound

Of leaves and fuming rills, Aurora's fan,
Lightly dispers'd, and the shrill matin song

Of birds on every bough. Milton, Paradise Lost, b. v.
And crop-full out of door he flings,
Ere the first cock his matin rings.-Jd. L'Allegro.
7 Y