And touching this matter, it is reported that the theater being full of people, Phocion walked all alone upon the scaffold where the players played, and was in great muse with himself: whereupon, one of his friends seeing him in one of his muses, said unto him, Surely Phocion thy mind is occupied about somewhat.-North. Plutarch, p. 624. It is to be wonder'd how museless and unbookish they were, minding nought but the feats of war. Millon. Of Unlicens'd Printing. There flowry hill Hymettus, with the sound Id. Paradise Regained, b. iv. The morning, we know, is commonly said to be a friend to the Muses, but a morning's draught is never so. South, vol. iv. Ser. 8. Here Grief with holy musings may converse Then, Goddess, guide my pilgrim feet As slow he winds in museful mood, Near the rush'd marge of Cherwell's flood.-Id. Ode 11. Say, scenes of science, say, thou haunted stream, (For oft my Muse-led steps didst thou behold) How on thy banks I rifled every theme, MU'SET. Mason, Elegy 3. To Hurd. Steevens refers to the Fr. Trouée, in Cotgrave," A gap or muset in a hedge." The many musits through the which he goes, And like a labyrinth to amaze his foes. Shakespeare. Venus & Adonis. MUSEUM. Gr. Movσelov, a place dedicated to the Muses, to literature, to philosophy; to the preservation of rare and curious articles. Of museums, galleries of paintings and statues, public libraries, &c. I need only say that they exist in almost every town in Italy, and open an ample field to the exercise of observation and curiosity.-Eustace. Italy, vol. i. Prel. Dis. Salmasius MUSHROOM. Fr. Mouscheron. thinks they are so called-a musco, because they grow-ubi brevissima est herba, et plerumque nonnisi muscus, where the herbage is very short, and scarcely aught except moss. Applied (met.) to— Any thing of sudden growth from lowly origin. The mushrooms have two strange properties; the one that they yeeld so delicious a meat; the other, that they come up so hastily, as in a night, and yet they are unsown. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 546. Mean while the king did not neglect Ireland, being the soyle where these mushrooms and vpstart weedes (that spring vp in a night) did chiefly prosper. Id. Hen. VII. p. 138. But as for such mushroom divines, who start up of a sudden, we do not usually find their success so good as to recommend their practice.-South, vol. iv. Ser. 1. eâ notione, qui significat cupidè ac cum impetu in aliquid ferri, to be borne along with eagerness and violence. See in Vossius other conjectures, and the quotation from Taylor's Plato. Alle the musons in musyk, ich made hure to knowe. For the armony Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6. The sweet lip'd sisters musically frighted, And I thinke Some shall stop muskets, and so kill a foe. Donne. Upon Mr. Thomas Coryat's Crudities. He will never come within the signe of it, the sight of a cassock, or a musket-rest againe. B. Jonson. Every Man in his Humour, Act ii. sc. 5. Colonel Thomas Morgan; whose veteran troops were the first perfect harquebusiers of our nation, and the first who taught us to like the musket. Oldys. Life of Sir Walter Ralegh. Ralegh leaving his gally, took eight musketiers in his barge, and with Gifford and Calfield in their wherries, having eight musketiers more, enter'd the mouth of that river.-Id. Ib. Quoth he, "My head's not made of brass, Nor like the Indian's scull so tough, Crashaw. Music's Duel. And into pikes and musqueteers Hudibras, pt. ii. c. 1. The nightingale if she should sing by day Stamp beakers, cups, and porringers.-1d. pt. i. c. 1. When every goose is cackling, would be thought No better a musitian then the wren? One of them ventur'd upon him (as he [John L'Isle] was Shakespeare. Merchant of Venice, Act v. sc. 1. going to church, accompanied with the chief magistracy,) and shot him with a musquetoon dead in the place. Wood. Athene Oxon. vol. ii. MU'SLIN. It. Mosseline. Fr. Mousselin,-so called from a town in Mesopotamia named Moussul, where muslin was first manufactured. She said-in air the trembling music floats, Pope. The Temple of Fame. Cowper. Task, b. vi. Thine too those musically falling founts, To slake the clammy lip. Dyer. Ruins of Rome. The peculiar musicalness of the first of these lines, in particular, arises principally from its consisting entirely of iambic feet.-Dr. Warton. Essay on Pope. The name of the Muses, and universally that of music, was derived, as it seems, from wobai, to inquire, and from investigation and philosophy. MUSK. MU'SKY. Taylor. The Cratylus of Plato. Fr. Musc; It. Muschio; Low Lat. Muscus; in Arabic Mosch, or musch. The word is applied to a perfumed substance said to be obtained from an animal of the same name. Musky, Sweetly scented or perfumed, sweetly odoriferous, fragrant. Their vessels of yuory comprehendeth al their combes, their muske balles, their pomaŭder pottes, &c. Bale. Image of bothe Churches, pt. iii. And yet, as Paracelsus encourageth, ordure makes the best musk, and from the most fetid substances may be drawn the most odoriferous essences. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 26. And though the problem of Aristotle enquire why none smels sweet beside the parde? yet later discoveries add divers sorts of monkeys, the civit cat and gazela, from which our musk proceedeth.-Id. Ib. b. iv. c. 10, In half whipt muslin needles useless lie, Gay. Trivia, b. ii. Authority melts me of late. When I cried, hoa, Shakespeare. Antony & Cleopatra, Act iii. sc. 11. B. Jonson. Bartholomew Fayre, Act iv. sc. 2. Bauble and cap no sooner are thrown down, But there's a muss of more than half the town. Dryden. Prol. to the Widow Ranter. (By Mrs. Behn, 1690.) MUST. Anciently written mote, moste. A. S. Mot, most; Ger. Mussen; Dut. Moeten, moetten. The old Eng. Mote; A. S. Mot; Ger. Mussen, were used as we now use both may and must, (posse, oportere, necesse esse,) and are of the same origin as mought, mote, (qv.) To be behoveful, needful, necessary: to be bound or obliged; to be under a necessity. "We mote," he sayde, "be hardy, & stal worthe, & wyse, Gef we wol habb oure lyf, and holde oure franchise." R. Gloucester, p. 155. For if I preche the gospel glorie is not to me, for nedeliche Milton. Comus. I mote doon it; for wo to me if I preche not the gospel. Wiclif. 1 Corynth. c. 9. There eternal Summer dwells, And West winds, with musky wing, About the cedarn alleys fling Nard and cassia's balmy smells. The glowing violet, The musk-rose and the well attir'd woodbine, Id. Lycidas. Jove! what a coyle these muske-wormes take to, to purchase another's delight? for, themselves, who bear the odours, have ever the least sense of them. B. Jonson. Cynthia's Revels, Act v. sc. 4. Nor this part musk or civet can we call, Thee April blithe as long of yore Warton, Ode 11. For this ye knowen al so wel as I, Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 734. On of us two most bowen doutelees: Id. The Wif of Bathes Tale, v. 6024. Id. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 14,998 As ever mote I drinken win or ale, Who so is rebel to my jugement, Shal pay for alle that by the way is spent. Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 834. This open thynge whiche is befalle Concludeth hym by such a wey, That he the faith moste nedes obey.—Gower. Con. £. b.il The must three times together; I wear as sharp steel as mother man, and my fox bites as deep, musted, my dear brother.-Beaum. & Fletch A King, and no King, Act iv. Much thou hast yet to see, but I perceive Thy mortal sight to faile; objects divine Must needs impaire the wearie human sense. Milton. Paradise Lost, b. xii. Then, in the scale of reasoning life, 'tis plain, Pope. Essay on Man, Ep. 1. Where then shall Hope and Fear their objects find? Mart helpless man, in ignorance sedate, Rell darkling down the torrent of his fate? Mad no dislike alarm, no wishes rise, No cries invoke the mercies of the skies? Johnson. Vanity of Human Wishes. MUST. Fr. Mouste; It. and Sp. Mosto; Lat. Mustum; Gr. Morxos, young, new. Mustum is applied to any thing, not wine merely, new. Must, in English, to New wine, or other fermented liquor, in its uncleansed state. And othire scornyden, and seiden for these men ben ful dmust-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 2. As touching musts or new wines, the first and principall Efference of them lyeth in this. That some by nature are white, others blacke, and others againe of a mixt colour between them both.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxiii. c. 1. The must, of pallid hue, declares the soil Devoid of spirit; wretched he, that quaff's Such wheyish liquors; oft with colic pangs, With pungent colic pangs distress'd he'll roar, And toss, and turn, and curse th' unwholsome draught. MUST, v. MUSTY. From the Fr. Moiser; Lat. To be or become foul, by confinement from air, or by disuse; to be or become fusty, stale, stagnant. Whe his wordes be wel sifted, men shall find little fine ore in the, but all very mustie branne, not worthie so auche as to fede either horse or hogges. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 694. Pistachoes, so they be good, and not musty joyned with almonds in almond milk; are an excellent nourisher. Petil. Any mirth, Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 50. And any way, of any subject, Junius, Is better than unmanly mustiness. To assemble or collect together, for view or Meddled my merchaundise, and mad a good moustre. I comaunde you in his name, that ye make to morowe The last great muster, ('twas before ye serv'd here Beaum. & Fletch. The Loyal Subject, Act i. sc. 1. Fals. Shadow will serue for summer: pricke him: for wee haue a number of shadowes to fill vppe the muster-booke. Shakespeare. 3 Pt. Henry IV. Act iii. sc. 2. Though thou wert muster-master of the land. B. Jonson. Ths Vnder-wood. An Elegy. All that were able, from 20 years old and upwards, being listed in the muster-roll, followed their trades, or other business, till they were called to war. Grew. Cosmo. Sacra, b. iv. c. 4. s. 15. In short, it is the great plague of the world [deception], which takes wrong measures and makes false musters almost in every thing.-South, vol. ii. Ser. 9. Again in 1 Corinth. vi. 9, 10. we have a muster-roll of as Prone on the lowly grave of the dear man MUTE, v. MU'TABLE. MUTABILITY. MUTATION. Blair. Grave. Fr. Muable; It. Mutabile: Sp. That can or may be changed or altered; Then he thinks of Parnassus, and Helicon streams, And of old musty bards mumbles over their names; Talks much to himself of one Phoebus Apollo, Byrom. The Poetaster. MUSTACHE. Fr. Moustache; It. Mostac- Mera, the upper lip, and hair growing upon it. Your braue mustachyos turnde the Turky waye. MUSTARD. Milton. History of England, b. iv. Fr. Moustarde; It. Mostarda; p. Mostaza; a musto et ardore, (J. Scaliger.) See Menage, Dict. The kyngdome of heauen is lyke unto a grayne of mus there had never been any in that country, yet might have been brought down in the channels by the floods, being thrown up the banks, together with the earth, germinate and grow there.-Ray. Creation, pt. ii. MUSTER, v. Ger. Mustern; Dut. Mon The which destinable causes, whan thei passen out fro the A christian king vse in suche case (for the consideracion Is not here a sudden mutation.-Barnes. Workes, p. 343. Beaum. & Fletch. The Little Thief, Act iv. sc. 1. mutable, and giddy, as small birds likewise have. It may be, gnats and flies have their imagination more What man that sees the ever-whirling wheele And, studious of mutation still discard For monstrous novelty and strange disguise. Cowper. Task, b. ii. MUTE, v. Fr. Mutir, esmeutir, seems formed MUTE, n. upon the noun esmeute, a motion MUTING, n. or commotion; and to be employed, physically or medically, as to move, a motion, now in English are. And thus, Mute, that which is moved (motum,) sc. out of the bowels. Upon the oake, the plumbe-tree and the holme, Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. i. s. 1. According unto ancient tradition and Plinie's relation, the bird not able to digest the fruit whereon she feedeth; from her inconverted muting, ariseth this plant of the berries where of birdlime is made, wherewith she is after entangled.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 6. And I knew not that there were sparrows in the wall, and With hooting wild More. Life of the Soul, b. ii. s. 119. We may fitly transfer the apophthegme of Simonides, from Millon. At a Vacation Exercise. The soberest and best govern'd men are least practis'd in these affairs; and who knows not that the bashful muteness of a virgin may oft-times hide all the unliveliness and natural sloth which is really unfit for conversation. Id. The Doctrine of Divorce, b. i. c. 3. To the indictment here upon, he [John Biddle] prays council might be allowed him to plead the illegality of it; which being denied him by the judges, and the sentence of a mute threatened, he at length gave into court his exceptions ingrossed in parchment.-Wood. Athenæ Oxon. vol. ii. The bear, the boar, and every savage name, Wild in effect, though in appearance tame, Lay waste thy woods, destroy thy blissful bower. And, muzzled though they seem, the mutes devour. Dryden. The Hind and the Panther. MUT Regularly a prisoner is said to stand mule, when, being arraigned for treason or felony, he either, 1. makes no answer at all: or, 2. answers foreign to the purpose, or with such matter as is not allowable; and will not answer otherwise. or, 3. upon having pleaded not guilty, refuses to put himself upon the country.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 25. Bribe him, to feast my mute-imploring eye, Smollett. Advice, a Satire. MUTILATE, v. Į Fr. Mutiler; It. Mutilare; MUTILATION. Sp. Mutilar; Lat. Mutilare, from mutilus, i, e. captus aliqua parte corporis, from mutus, dumb. See MUTE. To take away, cut off, in any way deprive of, some part of the entire body; to maim, to dismember. Yea we are much bound vnto him, although he haue made vs imperfect and mutilate.-Fryth. Workes, p. 90. As I haue declared you before in my preface, I will not in any worde wyllinglye mangle or mutilate that honourable man's worke.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1291. Any one that will take but a little pains in examining the nature of them, may be fully satisfied that the scriptures are hereby, neither mutilated or depraved. Grew. Cosmo. Sacra, b. v. c. 1. s. 40. For we observe the mutilations are not transmitted from father unto son; the blinde begetting suche as can see, men with one eye, children with two; and cripples mutilate in their own persons do come out perfect in their generations. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. vii. c. 2. Because the loss or mutilation of an able man, is also a loss to the commonweal. Ralegh. History of the World, b. v. c. 3. s. 2. He [Coluthus Lycopolites] is said to have been the author of several poems: none of which have come down to us except this, which in many passages is corrupt and mutilated-Fawkes. Notes to the Rape of Helen. When a man is in emminent danger of the mutilation of a leg or an arm, or the like, it is lawful to prevent the loss of either by the death of the assailant.-South, vol. x. Ser. 8. The rhapsodies of Homer were scattered up and down amongst the cities of Greece, which the itinerant poet had visited, and were necessarily in a very mutilated state, or recorded in men's memories after an imperfect manner and by piece-meal only.-Observer, No. 120. MUTINE, or MUTINY. MUTINE'ER. MU'TINOUS. Fr. Mutiner; It. Ammutinarsi; Sp. Amotinarse. Skinner says from motus, a motion, or from mutire, to murmur. His first conjecture seems the MU'TINYING, N. more rational, i.e. from motus; but through the verb mutir, esmeutir, to move; esmeute, a motion or commotion. MUTINOUSLY. To move or commove; to raise a commotion, to (insurge or) make an insurrection; to rise, (sc.) against authority. This was good for Maximilian, if he could have seen the people mutined, to arrest fury, and preuent dispaire. Bacon. Hen. VII. p. 86. He stafeth the legion at Bebriacum being hardly withholden from mutining, because he would not lead them to fight.-Savile. Tacitus. Historie, p. 65. Doe like the mutines of Jerusalem. Be friends awhile.-Shakespeare. King John, Act ii. sc. 2. Great prince, it is within your power with ease, To remedy such fears, such jealousies, Daniel. Civil Wars, b. i. The same soldiers, who in hard service and in the battle, are in perfect subjection to their leaders, in peace and luxury are apt to muliny and rebell.-South, vol. ii. Ser. 4. Hugh Peters held a discourse with the arch-rebel his master upon the mutinying of the army about St. Alban's. Id. vol. vi. Ser. 1. In 1486, Bartholomew Diaz, a Portuguese captain, with three ships attempted the discovery of India by the coast of Africa; but, harassed by tempests, his crew mutinied, and having discovered the river del Infante, on the Eastern side of Africa, he returned to Europe. Mickle. Discovery of India, App. On the 14th of April, 1797, Lord Bridport, the admiral, unsuspicious of the muliny, making a signal to prepare for sea, the seamen of his own ship, instead of weighing anchor, ran up the shrouds, and gave three cheers, which were instantly answered from the other ships. Belsham. History of Great Britain. Geo. III. an. 1797. MUTTER, v. MUTTER, n. MUTTERER. MUTTERING, n. MUTE. In Dut. Muyten; Lat. Mutire; to speak as one mute, or the speech stopped or obstructed. To speak inarticulately, indistinctly. With that he smote his hedde adowne anone Chaucer. Troil. & Cres. b. ii. Perchaunce some open mouth will mutter now and than. Gascoigne. A Gloze vpon this Text, Dominus, &c. Now do they persecute them for keepyng the comaundementes of God, in mariage, in receiuinge meates with thanksgeuing. & not in goynge out to seke Christ here and there in theyr masses & mutter ynges, in theyr outward coloures and shaddowes.-Bale. Image, pt. ii. They muttered extremely that it was a thing not to bee suffered, that for a little stirre of the Scotts, soone blowne ouer, they should bee thus grinded to powder with payments. Bacon. Hen. VII p. 163. Whose leaves still mutt'ring as the air doth breathe With the sweet bubbling of the stream beneath, Doth rock the senses. Drayton. Henry Howard to Lady Geraldine. The roaring voice of winds, the billows rave, Nor all the mutt'ring of the sullen wave, Could once disquiet, or her slumber stirre. Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. i. s. 3. Where sounding strings and artful voices fail, The charming rod and mutter'd spells prevail. Addison. Epilogue to Lansdown's British Enchantress. The words of a mutterer, saith the Wiseman, are as wounds, going into the innermost parts of the belly. Barrow. On the Decalogue. IX Commandment. MUTTON. Fr. Mouton; aries castratus; from Ger. Mutzen, truncare, and this from Mahen, to cut. (See Mutzen in Wachter, and Mouton in Menage.) Applied now To the flesh or meat of sheep; formerly to the animal itself. And gaf hem echone Gascoigne. A Gloze vpon this Text, Dominus, &c. Also by reason of the murren that fell among the cattell, beefes and muttons were vnresonablie priced. Holinshed. Edw. II. an. 1317. For the offenders and breakers of the law were condemned to pay for a penalty, the value of five oxen and two muttons. North. Plutarch, p. 87. At the great triumph and entry made, the captain or generall that triumpheth as a conqueror, did offer the sacrifice (by the old orders and ancient customs of Rome) one or divers oxon: where at the second triumph called the ovation, he onely sacrificed a mutton.-Id. Ib. p. 265. The felon thus of old, his name to save, MUTUAL. MUTUALLY. MUTUALITY. Falconer. The Demagogue. Fr. Mutuel; It. Mutuo; Sp. Varro Mutual; Lat. Mutuus. from the Sicilian, MorTov, which Vossius thinks is Well let this passe, and thinke vppon the ioye, He neyther seeth assemblies, nor can assigne and proue Drayton. Queen Isabel to King Richard II. Among unequals what society Milton. Paradise Lost, b. viii. God, in the nature of each Being, founds Pope. Essay on Man, Ep. 3 May I, at least, the sacred pleasures know J. Philips. Cider, b. i The sciences are said, and they are truly said to have tha mutual connexion, that any one of them may be the bette understood for an insight into the rest. MUZZLE, v. MUZZLE, n. Bp. Horsley, vol. i. Ser. 1 Anciently written Mosel. Fr. Muselière; It. Musoliera. From Fr. Museau; It. Muso, which Skinner thinks may have been formed from the A. S. Muth, the mouth. Muzzle is applied to— 01 The mouth; and to any thing to fasten, closeor confine the mouth. To muzzle,To do any thing with the mouth or muzzle; tc. fasten, to bind, to constrain the mouth. And like a greyhound the mosell and the head. Lidgate. The Story of Thebes, pt. iii About his char ther wenten white alanns, Twenty and mo, as gret as any stere, To hunten at the leon or the dere, And folwed him, with mosel fast ybound. Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2135 Thou shalte not mosel the oxe that treadeth out the corne Bible, 1551. Deuteronomy, c. 25 Or who will muzzle that unruly bear Whose presence strikes our people's hearts with fear? Drayton. Queen Margaret to the Duke of Norfolk At last, when as he found his force to shrincke And rage to quaile, he took a muzzle strong Of surest yron inade with many a lincke. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi. c. 12 How wretched is the fate of those who write! Brought muzzled to the stage, for fear they bite. Dryden. Prologue to the Pilgrim Of a black muzzle, and long beard, beware; And let a skilful barber cut your hair. MY. MINE. MYSELF. Id. Ovid. Art of Love Fr. Mien, mon; It. Mio; Sp Ac for me my self, ich wol soth segge of this dede. I mysilf bi the soule serue to the lawe of God, but bi fleist to the lawe of synne.-Wiclif. Romayns, c.7. And Jhesus seide to her, what to me and to thee womman myn our cam not yet.-Id. Jon, c. 2. Jesus sayde vnto her: Woman, what haue I to doe wit thee? Myne houre is not yet come.-Bible, 1551. Ib. And for to maken you the more mery, I wol myselven gladly with you ride, Right at myn owen cost, and be your gide. Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 80 I maie not stretche vp to the heuen Myn honde ne set al in euen, This worlde which euer is in balance. It stant not in my suffisance So greate thinges to compasse.-Gower. Con. A. b. i. And for to proue it is so I am my selfe one of tho Which to this schole am vnderfonge.-Id. Ib. Milton. Paradise Regained, If God shall be pleased to make me his almoner, and conduit by which his goodness may descend upon my tressed neighbour; though the charity be personally m yet both of us have cause to thank God for it, I that I be virtuous, and he that he is relieved.-South, vol. iv. S 1 fister, ú When a man deceives me once, says the Italian proverb, MYRIAD. Fr. Myriade; Lat. Myrias; Gr. But O how fall'n! How chang'd From him, who in the happy realms of light Cloth'd with transcendent brightness didst outshine How came the transactions of so many myriads of years eternity] to be swallowed up in such deep silence and eblivion-South, vol. ix. Ser. 3. His lofty stature, where a myriad shine, Parnell. The Gift of Poetry. MYRO BALANE. Gr. MupoBaxaros, glans queatana; uvpov, unguentum, and Baλavos, glans; Fr. Myrobalan," an East-Indian plum, whereof there be divers kinds," (Cotgrave.) And see Play, (b. xii. c. 21.) An aromatic acorn or nut; a dried fruit, something like a date or plum, (Nares.) But as for the Mirobalane it hath parts of contrary natures; for it is sweet and astringent. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 644. MYRRH. Fr. Myrrhe; It. and Sp. Murra; Lat. Myrrha; Gr. Muppa; of Eastern origin, and deriving its name from its bitter taste. And thei ghaven to him to drinke wyn medled with pre, and he took not.-Wiclif. Mark, c. 15. Some have written, that the trees which beare the myrrhe grow confusedly here and there in the same woods ng the incense trees; but more there are who affirme, at they grow apart by themselves. And in truth, found ey are in many quarters of Arabia. Holland. Plinie, b. xxv. c. 15. Where sweet myrrh-breathing Zephyr in the Spring, Saint Marke calls this draught οινον εσμυρνισμένον, MYRTLE. Fr. Myrte; It. and Sp. Mirto; μυρον, α A banke by chaunce by me there stoode, where bright as With roddes upright and braunches thicke a myrtil bushe there grew. Them she upstaies Gently with mirtle band, inindless the while, A muse, that long hath wander'd in the groves MYSTERY. MISTERIAL. MYSTERIOUS. MYSTERIOUSLY. MYSTERIOUSNESS. MI'STERIZE, V. MI'STICK, adj. Mr'STICK, n. MYSTICAL. MYSTICALLY. MYSTICISM. MYSTAGOGUE. MYSTAGO'GICK. MYSTAGOGICAL. Fr. Mystère, mystique; It. of the pret. pass. of μvely, fdclauditur et celatur; that which is shut up, The more ich muse ther on. the mystiloker hit semeth. Piers Plouhman, p. 190. Honour and glorie be to him that is myghty to conferme ghou bi my gospel and prechyng of Iesu Crist bi the reuelacioun of mysterie holdun stille in tymes euerlastynge. Wiclif. Romaynes, c. 16. To him that is of power to establishe you accordynge to my gospell and preachynge of Jesus Christe, in vtterynge of the mysterie whyche was kepte secrete sence the worlde beganne.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Preestes ben as angels, as by the mysterie of hir dignitee. Chaucer. The Persones Tule. I will explaine, that which being before misticallie So the word mystery, though at first restrain'd to signify Beauty and Love, whose story is mysteriall, B. Jonson. Love's Triumph, &c. A Masque. Fool, thou did'st not understand Milton. Paradise Lost, b. v. Rome strictly kept with a religious care, From which her fates she long with reverence sought, Stirling. Domes-day. The Fifth Houre. Let first the mystagogical illuminations of the Great What master of reason or subtilty is able to unriddle the Could we have a more pregnant demonstration of a re- A third cause of the unavoidable misteriousness of the chief articles of the Christian religion is that most of them fall, neither within the common course of men's actings, nor the compass of their observation.-Id. vol. iii. Ser. 6. The ceremonial law, with all its mystic rites (which, like the manger of the shepherds, holds forth wrapped in his swathing clothes the infant Jesus) to many, that bestow the reading on it, seems scarce worth it: yet what use the apostles made of it with the Jews? Boyle. Workes, vol. ii. p. 278. Mysticks and fanaticks are known to abound as well in our reformed as in the Romish Church. Shaftesbury. Miscel. Ref. 2. c. 1. I profess not myself either skilled or delighted in mystical interpretations of scripture.-South, vol. v. Ser. 2. By a silent, unseen, mysterious process, the fairest flower of the garden springs from a small insignificant seed, the majestic oak of the forest from an acorn, the strongest and wisest man from a wretched, helpless, and senseless infant; the holy and exalted saint from a miserable sinner. Horne. Works, vol. iv. Disc. 29. The beauty certainly is mystic,-the beauty of evangelical sanctity and innocence.-Bp. Horsley, vol. i. Ser. 8. Time was when, I knew not what, mystical meanings were drawn, by a certain cabalistic alchymy, from the simplest expressions of holy writ-from expressions in which no allusion could reasonably be supposed to any thing beyond the particular occasion, upon which they were intro duced.-Id. Ser. 1. The epithet sublime is strongly and happily descriptive of the feelings inspired by the genius of that author [Plato]; by the lofty mysticism of his philosophy; and even by the remote origin of the theological fables which are said to have descended to him from Orpheus. Stewart. Philosophical Essays, Ess. 2. c. 5. With regard to the other part of the secret, the Doctrine of the Unity, Clemens Alexandrinus informs us, that the Egyptian Mystagogues taught it amongst their greater secrets. Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. ii. s. 4. MYTHOLOGY. Fr. Mythologiser, mythologie; It. and Sp. Mitologia; Lat. Mythologia; Gr. Μυθολογια, from μύθος, a fable, and λey-ew, to tell; Fr. Mythologiser,— to expound or moralize the fable. Mythologe, an expounder of fables, (Cotgrave.) Mythology,-A discourse of or upon; an exposition or explication of, a system of fable or fabulous story, a history. All which may still be received in some acceptions of morality, and to a pregnant invention, may afford commendable mythologie: but in a natural and proper exposition, it containeth impossibilities, and things not consistent with truth.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. i. c. 8. Surely, it is no marvell that (as our mythologists tell us of old) discord took it ill that she was not called to the banquet of the celestial powers, but shut out of the doors of heaven. Bp. Hall. The Peace Maker, s. 25. The mythological interpretation of these I purposely omit, as both over long to be here set down and no less perplexed, than the labours [of Hercules] themselves. Ralegh. History of the World, b. ii. c. 16. s. 6. The real substance of the shadow.-Hudibras, pt. ii. c. 1. Upon her shoulders wings she wears, Id. Ib. An essay at the rationality of the art of speaking, as a supplement to Lilye's Grammar, philosophically, mythologically, and emblematically offered. Lond. 1659. [Basset Jhones.]-Wood. Athene Oxon. vol. ii. The statues of Mars and Venus, I imagine, had been copied from Fulgentius, Boccacio's favourite mythographer. Warton. History of Poetry, vol. i. Addenda. If we may suppose that the Hebrew historiographer invented his Hexahemeron, or six days creation, to inforce more strongly the observance of the sabbath; which I think more than probable; may we not, in like manner, consider his history of the Fall, as an excellent mythologue, to account for the origin of human evil: and of man's antipathy to the reptile race.-Geddes. Pref. to Translation of the Bible. VOL. II N. N, says Wilkins, is tinnitus, when the breath is A. S. Gnag-an, to gnaw; Skinner assigning as a matris. Skinner-from Na, not, and cæfed, pictos. sent out, the limbus (or tip) of the tongue being fixed towards the gums, or bottom of the fore teeth. In the pronouncing of this, the breath is emitted only out of the nose: (in which and in the lips, as B. Jonson remarks, it ringeth somewhat more than the letter M.) They (he adds), (i. e. M and N,) are letters near of kin both with the Latins and us. NA, i. e. no, (qv.) Our corne is stolne, sothly it is na nay, And we han had an yvel fit to day. Chaucer. The Reve's Tale, v. 4182. This longe night ther tides me no reste, NAB. In Swed. Nappa, prehendere, to catch, (Lye.) It is of common use in vulgar speech. See NIP. Nab-cheats, the beggars probably so called their caps or hats, because they caught in them what they obtained by cheating, or false pretences. Hig. That thou art chosen, venerable Clouse, Our King and Sovereign; Monarch o' th' Maunders, Thus we throw up our nab-cheats, first for joy, And then our filches. Beaum. & Fletch. The Beggars' Bush, Act ii. sc. 1. NADDE, i. e. ne-had; had not. And gut was Wyllam's grace thulke day so gode, That he nadde no wounde, war thoru he ssedde an drop blod. R. Gloucester, p. 363. "Alas!" (quod he,) "that I n'adde here a knave, That coude climbe, alas! alas!" (quod he) "For I am blinde." Chaucer. The Marchantes Tale, v. 10,212. NA'DIR. Fr. Nadair. In astronomy, an Arabian word (Skinner), signifying the point lying in a direct line or perpendicularly under our feet, and opposite to the point called the Zenith: though our and other languages may have received the word from the Arabians-as now applied only to astronomy, the old Goth. Nadr is much older than that science among the northern nations. See NEATH. The nadire of the son is thilke degre yt is opposyte to the degree of the son in the xxiii signe, as thus:-Euery degre of Aries by order is nadire to euery degre of Libra, by order, and Taurus to Scorpion, Gemini to Sagittarius. Chaucer. Of the Astrolabie. NEVE. Lat. Nævus; Fr. " Neve,-A mote, freckle, or other the like natural mark or blemish on the body," (Cotgrave.) If he be elegans formarum spectator, he may find many faults in physiognomy, &c., haires, warts, næves, &c. Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 558. Besides the outward næves or open faults, there may be inward infirmities.-Id. Ib. p. 559. Was there no milder way but the small-pox, Dryden. Upon the Death of Lord Hastings. NAG. Dut. Negge; Ger. Nack. As the Lat. Hinnulus was so called-ab hinniendo, so nag from the A. S. Hnegan, to neigh. Generally An animal that neighs; a horse; usually, a horse of small, handy size. With them came other folkis of the coutrey, with lytle nagges, charged with brede euyll bakyn, in panyers, and smalle pere wyne in barels.-Berners. Frois. Cron, vol. i. c. 18. reason, that they are gnawed by contemplative and uncleanly persons. A nail (sc. of iron) he composes of the Dut. Nae, ad, and the A. S. Ecge, an edge. Wachter has no doubt that they are the same word: the nails of man and animals (he observes)-videntur infixa tanquam clavi; and the clavus, he is convinced, received its appellation from that part where it ends in a point, and may be infixed in wood, and this leads him to the Gr. NUTTEw, pungere, fodicare; to pierce, to dig. It is not improbable that the word itself, nægl-ian, signified,— To nail is now, by To fix or fasten, to infix. usage,To drive in a nail, to fix or fasten with nails; to cover with nails; (met.) to fix or fasten, to keep or hold close or tight to. For Jamys the gentil suggeth in hus bokes That feith with oute fet. [fact] ys febelere than nouht, And ded as a dore nayle. Piers Plouhman, p. 22. And he seide to hem, but I se in hise hondis the fitchyng of the nailis, and putte my fyngir into the place of the nailis, and putte myn hond into hise side, I schal not bileue. Wiclif. Jon, c. 20. And he said unto them: excepte I se in hys hades the prent of the nayles, and put my fynger in ye holes of ye nayles, and thruste my hade into his syde, I wil not beleue. Bible, 1551. Ib. He is now ded, and nailed in his cheste, Chaucer. The Clerkes Prologue, v. 7905. Our Hoste gan to swere as he wer wood: Id. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12,222. In the end being well apposed; they were found to be but were judged to be nailed vnto a crosse. false dissemblers, wherefore by doome of that councell, they Holinshed. Hen. III. an. 1222. So that the King, for any thing that he has to do in these matters, may sit and blow his nails; for use them otherwise he cannot.-South, vol. v. Ser. 5. I have seen several boys, under twenty years of age, who had never exercised any other trade but that of making nails, and who, when they exerted themselves, could make, each of them, upwards of 2300 nails in a day. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 1. He drank, he slept extended on the floor. She smote the warrior, and he wak'd no more: Low at her feet he bow'd his nail-pierc'd head. Fawkes. The Song of Deborah. NAIVELY. Fr. Naïvement. Of Naïveté, the best account is given (says Blair) by a French critic, M. Marmontel, who explains it thus :-That sort of amiable ingenuity or undisguised openness, which seems to give us some degree of superiority over the person who shows it, a certain infantine simplicity, which we have in our hearts, but which displays some features of the character that we think we could have art enough to hide; and which, therefore, always leads us to smile at the person who discovers this character, (Lect. 19.) Naively, used by Pope in one of his early letters, does not seem entitled to this refinement. She [an old lady with whom Pope and Gay were dining] divided the fish into three parts; not equal, God knows; for she helped Gay to the head, me to the middle, and making the rest much the largest part, took it herself, and cried very naively, I'll be content with my own tail. Pope, Let. 4. To Several Ladies. q.d. unadorned, undressed. Ihre will furnish others :-perhaps na, not, and eac-an, to add: but the A. S. verb Nac-an, be-nac-an, nud-are, denudare, to strip, to lay bare, seems to render further research unnecessary. To be bare or without cover: to strip, to lay bare; and the adj. unclothed, uncovered, unprotected; disclosed, exposed; manifest, unhidden, unconcealed. We schul hem habbe now for nogt, y ne rede no longer abyde. For he beth naked & on y war, & to sprad wyde. R. Gloucester, p. 156. I am castelle for gow, toure, hous, & rescette, & ge als naked berd [bride] loken in pauilloun. R. Brunne, p. 291., For semivivus he semede, And naked as a neelde. Piers Ploukman, p. 324. And thou woost not that thou art a wrecche, and wreccheful, and pore, and blynde, and nakid. Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 3. And knowest not how thou arte wretched, and myserable, poore, blynde, and nakyd.-Bible, 1551. Ib. I counsell thee to bie of me brent gold, and preued, that thou be maad riche, and be clothid with white clothis, that the confusioun of thi nakidnesse be not seen. Wiclif. Apocalips, c. 3. Bible, 1551. 1b. I cousell the to bye of me golde tryed in the fyre, that thou mayste be ryche: and whyte raymente that thou mayste be clothed, that thy filthy nakednes do not appear. And sodeinly His swerde all naked out he braide In his fool hast. Gower. Con. A. b. iii. Hard is it (cosin) in many maner thinges, to bid or forbyd, affirme or denye, reproue or allow, a mater nakediye proponed & put furth.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1205. Their nakednes [was] as farre fro dishonesty & al cause of shame as theyr bodies wer far from all filthie tokens of sin. Id. lb. p. 1274. Lus. Come be ready, nake your swords Think of your wrongs. Tourneur. The Revenger's Tragedy, Act v. So blinds the sharpest counsels of the wise, This overshadowing Providence on high, And dazzleth all their clearest-sighted eyes, That they see not how nakedly they lie. Daniel. Civil Wars, b i. Besides (to say truth) nakednesse is uncomely, as well in mind as in bodie.-Bacon. Ess. Of Simulation. Not only the death, but the humour of his Prince, or patron, may divest him of all his glories, and send him stripp'd and naked to his long rest.-South, vol. iv. Ser. 2. Is nakedness thy lot? Yet ne'er repine; The vestments of eternity are thine. Harte. The Meditation of Thomas à Kempis. NALE. ale, or ale-house. A lewed man Chaucer. The Freres Tale, v. 6931 NA'MING, n. Goth. Namnyan; A. S. Nam-an: Dut. Noemen; Ger. Nennen, anciently Nemmen; Sw. Namna, Fr. Nommer; It. Nominare Sp. Nominar; Lat. Nominare Ihre and nomen ; Gr. Ονομα. Wachter agree that the origin of this word common to ancient and modern European lan A. S. Naced, nacod; Dut. guages, is Scythian. The Latin etymologists refe Naeckt; Ger. Nackend; Sw. to the Gr., or contract from notamen, or novimen Nakot. In Goth. Nawaths, naq- (See Vossius.) Nomen est (says Ihre) per quo uaths. Various are the conjec- res agnoscuntur,— tures of the etymologists. Wachter, from nah, now, and cenned, born; as children-ab utero NAKE, v. NA'KEDNESS. That (word) by which a thing is known. to name,— An |