THE LAST UTTERANCES OF MY FRIEND.
not, properly speaking, we who feel them, but certain senses which God has planted in us; and, what we feel for others, we feel by a certain judgment and faculty of reasoning. But I see I am going." This he said because his spirits failed him. Now being afraid that he had frighted his wife, he recovered himself and said: "I find myself inclined to sleep: good night, wife, go your ways." This was the last leave he took of her. After she was gone, Brother," said he to me, "keep close by me, if you please ;" and then either feeling the darts of death come thicker and sharper, or else the force of some hot medicine which they had made him swallow, he spoke with a stronger and more audible voice, and turned himself in bed with perfect violence, so that all the company began to have some hopes, because hitherto he had been so very weak that we despaired of him. Then, amongst other things, he begged me again and again, with the greatest affection, to make room for him, so that I was afraid he was delirious. Moreover, when I had gently remonstrated to him that he was overpowered by his distemper, and that these were not the words of a man in his right senses; he did not seem to be convinced, but repeated it still more strongly. "Brother, brother, what, won't you give me room?" insomuch that he forced me to convince him by reason, and to say to him, that since he breathed and talked he had by consequence his place. "Yes, yes," said he, “but that is not what I want; and besides, say what you will, I have no longer a being." "God will give you a better very soon," said I. "Would to God, brother," said he, "I was there now; I have longed to be gone these three days past." In this distressed state he often called to me, in order, for most part, to know whether I was near him. At length he inclined a little to rest, which confirmed us still more in our good hopes: so that I went out of his chamber to congratulate thereupon with Mademoiselle de la Boetia ; but about an hour after naming me once or twice, and then fetching a deep sigh, he gave up the ghost about three o'clock on Wednesday morning, the 18th of August, 1563, aged 32 years, 9 months, and 17 days.
To Monseigneur Monseigneur de Montaigne.
IN obedience to your commands last year at your house at Montaigne, I have with my own hands put that great Spanish divine and philosopher Raymond de Sebonde into a French dress, and have as much
* I met with this letter by way of Dedication of Raymond Sebonde's Natural Theology, translated into French by Michael Seigneur de Montaigne, knight of the king's order, and gentleman in ordinary of his privy-chamber. Printed at Rouen by John de la Mere, an. 1641.
as lay in my power stripped him of that rough mien and unpolite aspect, which he first appeared in to you; so that, in my opinion, he is comely and complaisant enough to appear in the best of company. It is possible that some delicate curious readers may perceive, that he has a little of the Gascogne turn and bias; but they may be the more ashamed of their own negligence, in suffering a person, quite a novice and a learner, to get the start of them in this work. Now, Monseigneur, it is but reason that it should be published to the world, and have the credit of your name, because what amendment and reformation it has is all owing to you. Yet I plainly perceive, that if you should please to settle accounts with him, you will be very much his debtor, since in exchange for his excellent and most religious discourses, of his sublime, and, as it were, divine conceptions, it will appear that you have only brought him words and language, a merchandise so mean and vulgar, that he who has the greatest stock of it is peradventure the worse for it.
Monseigneur, I beg God to grant you a long and happy life. Your most humble and most obedient son, MICHAEL DE MONTAIGNE.
N.B.-Mr. Coste has inserted a letter before this, which is addressed to Mademoiselle de Paumier, but it is only a short one, of mere compli-
ABSENCE of friends, of what utility, 777. -ABSTINENCE of doing, generous, 815. -ABUNDANCE distastful and disappoint- ing, 232.-ABUSES of the world, how begot, 859.-ACCIDENTS in sickness several ways excus'd by the physicians, 638; without remedy, 753; worse to suffer than death, 295.-ACCOMMODATIONS of the quar- rels of these days, shameful and false, 810.- ACCUSATIONS answer'd with an ironical and scoffing confession, 833.-ACKNOW- LEDGMENT of QUAINTANCE, 159-ACTING for re- benefits, 769.-AC- putation sake, 770.-ACTION animates words, 539; desperate of a Sicilian, 300; particular, how it ought to be consider'd, 357; private gets renown, 529.-ACTIONS, forc'd, have neither grace nor honor, 769; necessary, pleasant, 885; of all sorts equally honorable to a wise man, 887; of former ages, 187; of princes cast in the same mould with those of commen men, 397; publick, subject to various interpretations, 812; of vertue rewarded for their own value, 531; of the Phyrronians, 423; that men should not covet to perform, 211; vertuous now un- known, 187.-ADAGIUM HEROICUM, 373-ADMIRATION the foundation of philosophy, 820.-ADORATION, 430; of one God made man, 486.-ADVANTAGE obtain'd by Dionysius over the poets, 536; of greatness, 726; of men over other crea- tures, 374.-ADVICE of Scribonia to her nephew, 301; free, necessary to kings, 862. -ADVOCATES, 479.-ESCULAPIUS struck with thunder, 638.-ESOP his ass. 661; his dog, 851; fables and their mytho- logy, 345.-AFFAIRS, how ought to be govern'd, 810; domestick, very troublesome, 754; despised, 757-AFFECTATION un- becoming a courtier, 142.-AFFECTION loyal and vehement of a wife towards her husband, 619; natural, of mothers very weak, 336; of a father towards his children, 116; of Madam d'Estrissac towards her children, 324; of parents towards their children greater than that of children towards their parents, and why, 325; of Paulina towards Seneca her husband, 621; of Seneca to his wife, 623; of wives towards their husbands till they have lost them, 618.-AFFEC- TIONS in farewels, 702; of horses one to- wards another, 393; towards children weak- ened by their imperfections, 769; well tem- per'd, 660.-AFFINITIES and conveni- ences of the sun with the divinity, 431.- AFFLICTION occasion'd by small things, 694.-AGE and its last effects, 280; capable of great actions, 281; dispensing the knights from the fatigues of the war, 281; fit for managing an estate, 281; for marriage, 94,
328; of adult, 281.-AGES of the world, 485.-AGESILAUS, battel against the Boeotians, 239; canonized by the Thracians, 446; in his travels did lodge in temples, why, 672; mulcted by the Ephori, for in- sinuating himself into the hearts of the people, 606.-AGRIPPIANS living without offensive arms, 520.-ALANTE'S dream, 877.-ALBIGEOIS burnt alive, 209. -ALCIBIADES'S constitution, 137-AL- CION'S marvellous condition, 401.-AL- EXANDER, the actions of, that may fall under censure, 626; blam'd by Philip his father for singing at a feast, 202; cruelty of, 19; did enjoy corporal pleasures, 885: emu- lous of his father's victories, 814; excellent above all the other kings and emperors, 626; fancies of, about immortalization, 892; fol- lowers of, carried their heads on one side, 730; greatness of, 626; his deep sleep, 237; his horse, 250; the son of Jupiter, 230; ver- tue of, 673-ALL things have their season, 589-ALLIANCE between pain and plea- sure, 872.-ALMANACKS, 553.-ALTER- ATION, whatever distempers and astonishes, 867.-AMADIS des Gaules despised, 344.- AMBASSADOURS employment not con- fin'd, 57; may sometimes conceal from their masters what they think fit, 140; of Samos, 57.-AMBITION, 287; a vice of great men, 814; daughter to presumption, 545; enemy to society, 193; of Cæsar full of mis- fortune to his country, 628; of Cicero and Pliny, 201; the only ruine of Cæsar's actions, 609; unworthy, 200.-AMPHITHEATRES rich and sumptuous, 717.-ANAXARCHUS pounded in a CIENTS good fellows, 291; us'd to wear stone-mortar, 294.- AN- their bosom open, 381.-ANDRODUS of Dacia, 398.-ANDRON the Argian travel- led over the sands of Lybia without drink- ing, 864.-ANGER bridled with silence and coldness, 601; how it ought to be manag'd in families, 602; incorporated by concealing it, 602; pleas'd with, and flatters its self, 600; serves for arms to vertue and valour, 605; transports men from their judgment, 598.-ANIMALS capable of discipline, 387; of speaking, 387; choice in their amours, 394; knowing the voice of their masters, 391; male, fond of the males of their kind, 394; more regulated than men, 394; their way of speaking, 382.-ANIMOSITY be- twixt Cæsar and Pompey, 806.-ANSWER of the duke of Florence to his fool, 185; of the Indians to the offers of the Spaniards, 722; sharp, of Philotas to Alexander, 892. ANTI-CATO'S of Cæsar, 609.-ANTI- GONUS, the son of the sun, 230.-ANTI- PODES, 484-APPEARANCES, contrary, maintained in all subjects, 494: in human
things, 502; of senses thought to be false, 501; outward, testimonies of internal consti- tution, 673; superficial, carry a great weight in all things. 738.-APPETITES of men irresolute, 268; of several sorts, 265; resid- ing in the soul uncapable of society, 608; springing from love, the most violent, why, 607.-APPLE of discord, 810; of Hypo- menes, 690.-APPREHENSION, 357- APPRENTISHIP, which the best, 358.- APTITUDE to the mathematicks conjec- tured of old at Athens, 531.-ARCHER refusing to try his art to save his life, 549.- ARCESILAUS, gold and silver vessels of, 197.-AREOPAGITES ordering the parties to appear again after a hundred years, 821. -ARETINE despised by Montaigne, 266. -ARISTOTLE'S opinion about the prin- ciples of natural things, 454; reproach'd for being merciful, 848.-ARISTIPPUS living as a stranger in all places. 786.-ARMIES, monstrous, of no great effect, 615; of the Turks support themselves cheap, 254.- ARMS despised, 340; increase the enemy's resolution with the hope of a rich spoil, 246: natural of men, 382; of the ancient Gauls, 339; of the French, more loading than defensive, 340; of the Parthians, 342; of the Roman infantry, and their military discip- line, 341; of value inflame the soldiers cou- rage, 245.-ARMY expecting an enemy, 248; in consternation, upon the rumour of the great forces of the enemies encouraged by Cæsar, 611.-ARRESTS of parliament, 427. -ARROGANCY a wrangling enemy to discipline, 858.-ART, liberal, despised, 426; of cuffing interdicted by Plato, 586; of physick, 862 despised, 99, 634; full of weakness, and variety of reasons, 644; prac- tised at Rome by foreigners, 641; the most important science, and the most uncertain, 640; of scaffolding unknown, 726.-ARTS receiv'd by publick authority, 473; taught to men by other animals, 388.-ASSASSINS, how they employ themselves to gain heaven, 596.-ASSOCIATION of mortal and im- mortal unimaginable to the ancients, 466.- ASSURANCE not very resolute at the article of death, 512. ASTROLOGY de- termining the motion of the moon, 817.- ATALANTA diverted from her way, lost the course, 689.-ATARAXY of the Pyr- rhonians. 490; peaceable condition of life. 421. -ATHEISM, what it is, 321.-ATHEISTS reduced to acknowledge the Divine power by force or by reason, 371.-ATLANTIS Island, 166.-ATOMES of the Epicureans, what, 459.-AUGURY the most certain way of prediction, 392.—AUSTERITY of James king of Naples and Sicily, 686; of life Affected by some churchmen, 687.-AU- THORITY of the counsels of kings ought to be preserved, and how, 741; paternal in old age, 327.-AUTHORS love their works, 328 modern, simply pleasant, 344. BACCHUS'S name, 292 -BALLS found in the paunch of a he-goat, 647.-BARBA- RIANS believing the immortality of the soul, 171; country of, their buildings, beds, etc., 170: kings, power of, 176; language of, 176; love of, towards their wives, and valour towards their enemies, 171; love song
of, 176; noble war of, 173; obstinacy of, in their battels, 172; priests and prophets of, 171; weapons of, 172; who are those that are to be call'd by that name, 164.-BAR- BARITY against men's lives, 172.-BAR- GAINING hated by Montaigne, 219.- BASHFULNESS an ornament to young people, 702.-BATHS inviting by their fair amænity, 645; of cool water, 641; used by the ancients before dinner, 258.-BATHING generally wholesome, 645; in hot waters, 644.-BATTLE at sea gain'd against the Turks, 178; fought on foot by cavalry, 251; lost by Antonius, 149; of Auroy, 190; of Botidæa obtain'd by the Greeks, 188; of Dreuux-remarkable for several accidents, 239: of St. Quentin, 244.-BAYARD, Captain, of great courage, 27.-BEASTS alter their natural affection, 337; bought by Pytha- goras, to turn them out, 362; free choice and inclination to work, 384; inclined to avarice, 394; inclinations have an analogy with those of men, 394; justice in serving their benefactors, 393; knowledge and pru dence in curing their diseases, 387; naturally solicitous of their preservation, 842; revered for Gods. 363; subtile way of chasing, 386. -BEAUTIES mask'd, why, 519; of several sorts, 846.-BEAUTIFUL persons are fit to command, 845. - BEAUTY a thing of a great recommendation, 539; amongst the Mexicans, 404; and stature regarded in the person of princes and magistrates, 540; first advantage that gave pre-eminence to man, 539; of stature the only beauty of men, 541; of the body, what it is, 403; of, the Indians, 493; preference of, 404; requir'd in governours of places, 541; singular, of Spurina, slash'd and disfigur'd by herself with wounds and scars, and why, 610; sought after by women to the contempt of pain, 216; what it is, and how much ought to be esteemed, 845.-BEDS made use of to lie on at meals, 258; soft, despised, 864.- BEE'S policy, 379.-BEHAVIOUR, 184. BEING dear to everything, 447.-BELIEF, favourable, requir'd from patients, 638; of patients prepossesses them with the operation of the physick, 639.-BELIEVE, 147- BETIS'S silence and obstinacy, 20.-BE WITCH of Karenty, 776.-BION atheist, 371-BLIND men love exercises, 498.-BLINDNESS occasion'd by a dream, 579.-BLOOD of a he-goat good for preserv- ation of life, 647; of beasts interdicted by Moses, why, 458.- BODIES capable of eternal rewards, 540; perfumed, 258; when young ought to be bent, 137.-BODINUS a good author, 604.--BOETIANS' voluntary servitude, 127.-BOLDNESS and courage of the Indians, 721.-BOOK employment painful, 198; written by Cæsar, a breviary of every great soldier, 611.-BOOKS immortal children, 337; have charming qualities and great inconveniences, 684; of a singular esteem amongst great leaders, 611; proper to translate, 366; that Diomedes did write upon grammar, six thousand in number, 750; useful and good, and yet shameful to their authors, 746; without learning, walls without stone or brick, 669.-BORN blind, why de- sirous to see, 498.-BARROMÆUS'S aus-
tere way of living, 218.-BOUNTY, rare, the most beautiful and attractive, 773; and benefits preferred before valour, 771; and humanity married, 667.-BOWELS of a Lacedæmonian boy torn out by a fox, 604. -BOWS carrying long arrows, 252.- BREACH of faith has mischievous conse- quences, 548; of promise when lawful, 667. BREVITY agreeable to men of under- standing, 127.-BRIDGE, wonderful, built upon the Rhine by Cæsar, 612. - BRO- THER'S name, 152.-BROTHERLY love neglected, 152.-BRUTES subject to the force of imagination, 80.-BUCANAN the Scotch poet, 144.-BUFFOONS jesting at the very moment of death, 207; to make sport at meals, 258.-BURGERSHIP of Corinth offered to Alexander, 798.-BURIAL much recommended, 29.-BUSINESS, mark of understanding in some men, 797; of most part of men is a farce, 804. CESAR, amours of, 608; call'd a drunkard, 610; his soldiers, fellow soldiers, 612; cle- mency in the time of his government, 609; towards his enemies, 610; towards pyrates, 360; commentaries commended, 350; horse, 250; much given to pleasures, 609; prompt- ness in his expeditions, 612; severity to keep his soldiers in awe, 612; sobriety, 60g; very ambitious, 609; wonderful parts of, 609; and Pompey good horsemen, 250.-CES- TIUS whipt for despising Cicero's elo- quence, 349.-CALISTHENES, how he lost the favour of Alexander, 137.-CAME- LEON, 392.-CANOPY of state allow'd but in palaces and taverns, 269.-CAPACITY greater in adverse than in prosperous for- tune, 801; unfit for the management of pub- lick affairs, 789; CARE and foresight of the future, 24.-CARRIAGE, ridiculous, of a gentleman in his own house, 756; and be- haviour proceeding from natural inclinations, 534.-CATO, a great drunkard, 290; a true pattern of human vertue, 189; age of, when he kill'd himself, 280; parsimony of, 266; praise of, 189; sound sleep of, 188; the younger, his death, 188.-CATULLUS, 345 -CAUSE, original, of all diseases, 640. -CAUSES fortuitous and voluntary, 594; of events in the prescience of God, 594- CAUSEY, magnificent, betwixt Quito and Cusco, 726-CAUTION of ants, 394.- CENSURE of Cicero, 347; of Guicciardin's writings, 352; of Plato, 348; of Virgil, 345-- CEREMONIES,troublesome, 684.-CERE- MONY follow'd by most part of men, 533; of the Lacedæmonians at the interment of their kings, 25; used at the interview of princes, 52.-CHABRIAS lost the fruits of a victory, to take care of the dead bodies of his friends, 29.-CHACES within the thea- tre at Rome, 717.-CHANCE, great domin- ion of, over men, 287.-CHANGE dangerous to governments, 553: gives form to injustice and tyranny, 761; to be fear'd, 236.-CHA- RACTER of Justus Lipsius, 490; of Mon- taigne's father, 291: of Plutarch and Seneca, 347: of the emperor Julian the apostate, 594- CHARIOTS drawn by four oxen, 714.- CHASE of cuttle-fish, 386.-CHASTISE- MENT instead of physick to children, 598; ought to be deferr'd till anger be over, 599:
of officers ought to be perform'd without anger, 8or.-CHASTITY, a true vertue, 91, of the age wherein Montaigne's father lived; 291.-CHEARFULNESS, sign of wisdom, 131.-CHESS idle and childish game, 262.- CHILDREN abandon'd to the care and government of their fathers, 597; gloriously saved by Theoxena from king Philip's edict. 587; grown up, ought not to be kept from the familiarity of their fathers, 330; how ought to be provided for by their fathers, 753; instruments wherewith to grow rich, 328; monstrous, 596; not much to be coveted, why, 794; of the Carthaginians sacrificed to Saturn, 388; of the Lacedæmonians whipt before the altar of Diana, 594; ought not to be suddenly awak'd from their sleep, 144: spoil'd with delicacy, 136; the men to the future, 794: whipt to death,216.-CHIRUR GEON his end, 761; of Greece, 814.-CHI- VALRY amongst the Lacedæmonians, 139. -CHOICE of heirs, 335: of the manner of dying left to the will of the criminals by tyrants, 783.-CHOLICK as long living as men, 871.-CHRYSIPPUS drunk in his legs, 883; writings of, 117.-CHURCH afflicted with troubles, why, 519.-CICERO, eloquence of, 140, 204, 349: letters, 419: very ambitious of glory, 523.-CIRCUMCI- SIÓN, 486.-CLEMENCY of a tyger to- wards a kid, 400.-CLOATHS unknown to many nations, 184.-CLOSET of the king of Mexico, 721.-COACHES made use of by the Hungarians against the Turks, 713; of the Emperors drawn by several animals, 714; of what use in the service of war, 713; won- derfully swift, 572.-COIN unknown in the Indies, 725.-COLLATION betwixt meals, 258.-COLLEGE of Guienne, where Mon- taigne was sent at six years of age, 145.- COLONIES of the Romans, 573.-COM- BATS of troop against troop, 583-COME- DIES written in Montaigne's time, 345.- COMFORT in old age, 590.-COMMAND difficult and troublesome employment, 728.- -COMMANDING mixt with vexatious thoughts, 751.-COMMERCE of books, 685. -COMMOTIONS, how are to be appeas'd, 103-COMMUNICATION of ants, 391; of beasts among themselves, 378; of men with beasts, 377; of some eminent wit, why lookt after, 736.-COMPANY, accidental, upon the road troublesome, 785: of ill men dangerous, 194.-COMPARISON betwixt Catullus and Martial, 346.-SENECA, and the late Cardinal of Lorrain, 604; of Cato the censor with the younger Cato, 589: of Plutarch's vices, what, 606; of the Eneid with Orlando Furioso, 346.-COMPLA- CENCY and satisfaction in well doing, 671. -COMPORTMENT disdainful and in- different in the toleration of infirmities meerly ceremonial, 635-COMPOSERS of Cento's 118.-COMPOSITIONS that smell of oil and lamp, 44-CONCORDANCE of the new world with the old, 485. CONDEMNA- TION of Socrates, 679.-CONDEMNA- TIONS to what end, 730.-CONDITIONS springing in men without reason, vicious, 635; of ourselves, principal charge of every one, 800-CONFERENCE of greater advantage than reading of books, 732.-CONFESSION
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