200

A Defcription of NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.

May

liffs, and 12 aldermen, and fends two members to parliament, the prefent members being John White and William Mellifh, Efqrs. The market is on Saturdays, well ftored with fowl, fish, and butchers meat.

one of the ancienteft, and reckoned one of the neatest towns in England, pleafantly fituate on the fide of a hill, near the conflux of the Lin and Trent, having large meadows on one fide, and hills of eafy afcent on the other. Here are three neat churches, A 3. Newark upon Trent, 7 miles a very fine market-place, good N. E. from Nottingham, a very houfes, fair ftreets, and the ruins of handíome, well built town, having a caftle on a steep rock. The name one of the Eneft parish churches in of this town comes from à Saxon England, with a steeple of curious word, which fignifies caves; for architecture. It has a fair, fpacious fuch the ancients dug under fteep market place, and a great market rocks towards the Lin, for places of B on Wednesdays. It is governed by retreat. Some of these caves are a, mayor, 12 aldermen, &c. and cut out with great art and industry fends two members to parliament, into convenient apartments, chim- who at prefent are lord William neys, windows, &c. Many of them Manners, and Job Staunton Charllie under the caftle. One of them ton, Efq; is noted for the hiftory of Christ's Other market towns are, 1. Workpaffion, cut out by David king of C fop, about 7 miles S. W. of RetScots, when a prifoner here; and ford, very ancient, tho' at prefent there is another called Mortimer's- but a small town, with a market on hole, because Roger Mortimer, earl Wednesday, principally noted for of March, hid himself here, but its large quantity of malt and liquowas afterwards taken by order of rice.-2. Blyth, 4 miles N. of WorkK. Edward III. and hanged for his fop, an indifferent town, with a crimes against his country, and his D fmall market on Thursday.-3. Tuxintrigues with the queen-mother. ford, 7 miles S. of Retford, comThe town is plentifully fupplied with monly called Tuxford in the Clays, all the neceffaries of life, Sherwood- from the miry, clayey ground in Foreft, which lies on the north fide of and about it. It is but a small, init, with the coal-pits, fupplying the different town, but has a market on inhabitants with fuel, and the river Monday.-4. Mansfield, about 12 Trent with plenty of fish, over which miles S. W. of Tuxford, a large, is a fair ftone bridge, and another well built, populous town in Sherover the Lin. Here are three mar-wood-Foreft, with a confiderable kets weekly, viz. on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays, and their chief manufacture is weaving of frame-hole. It is governed by a mayor, recorder, 2 coroners, 2 fheriffs, 2 chamberlains, a commoncouncil, &c. and fends two members to parliament, who at prefent are Sir Charles Sedley, Bart. and lord viscount Howe. It gives title of earl to the family of Finch. (See a beautiful folio View of this town in our Mag. for 1749.)

2. Retford, or Eaft Retford, about 26 miles N. E. of Nottingham, is very ancient, governed by two bai

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market on Thursday. The principal bufinefs of the inhabitants is making of malt.-5. Southwell, 10 miles S. E. of Mansfield, an ancient town, endowed with many privileges. It stands on a rivulet, that falls into the Trent, has a collegiate church, and a small market on Saturdays.-6. Bingham, 8 miles S. a fmall town, with a market on Thursday. Its parfonage is of great value, for which reason it has been

bestowed on feveral noted men for learning, from whence they have been frequently advanced to bishopricks.

JOUR

Trinted for R.Baldwin Jun at the Rose in Pater Noster Ron

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JOURNAL of the PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES in the POLITICAL CLUB, continued from p. 161.

In the Debate upon the Fishery Bill, which was begun in your last, the next that spoke was M. Agrippa, whofe Speech was to the Effect as follows:

Mr. Prefident,
SIR,

come first in feafon; and those who come first to market will always get fuch an exceffive profit upon their first cargoes, that they may afterwards fupply the market for little or no profit: If a man gets 100l. proA fit upon the firft 100l's worth of herrings which he fends to market, he may fell 190ol's worth of herrings at prime coft, because the profit of his first fale gives him 51. per cent. for his money, which is as much, I believe, as any man, especially a Dutchman, can expect for the money he employs in the herring fishery.

WAS glad to hear the noble lord who spoke laft, declare himself fo fenfible of the benefits that might accrue to this nation, from the fisheries that might be car- B ried on upon our own coals; and indeed they are fo confpicuous, that it is impoffible for any man that will open his eyes not to fee them; yet, evident as they are, we must be convinced by experience, that the trade will never be fet on foot by private adventurers, and confidering its prefent fituation, we may eafily dif cover the reason why it will never be fo. If the white herring fishery were now in its infancy: If no other nation were now in poffeffion of it, I fhall grant, that it might be fet on foot by private adventurers, to their own great emolument, as well as that of their country; but as the Dutch are, and have been for many years in poffeffion of this trade, they are able, and certainly will endeavour to ruin any private adventurer, by underfelling him at every foreign market.

Befides, Sir, there is a particular circumftance in this trade, which will always enable the Dutch to underfel our private adventurers; for the chief profit of this trade lies in the first fales that are made, in every place where there is any fort of market for this commodity. Herrings, like all other things, are fold at an extravagant price, when they E of Gle. May, 1751.

Now, Sir, let us confider, that the Dutch send out yearly 800 or 1000 fhips for the herring fishery. This fleet confifts moftly of fishing Cveffels, called buffes; but then every certain number of buffes has a runner, or swift-failing veffel, to attend them, which laft they call yaggers, and the first barrel of herrings caught by every bufs in the fleet is put on board one or more of these yaggers, Dor runners, who fail away directly, as foon as loaded, to Holland, where the first herrings are fold generally for zod. apiece; and if more of thefe yaggers come in than are necefiary for supplying the firft demand, they fail away directly to fome foreign market. This, I fay, is their method at prefent, but if they found themselves in danger of being rivalled by us in this trade, I make not the least doubt, but that they would order their yaggers to fail away directly from the fleet without touching in Holland, in order to get the first of the market at every place where herrings can be fold.

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F

Thele yaggers, Sir, attend the fleet from June 24, when they begin fishing, to July 15, by which time they must be all difpatched,

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PROCEEDINGS of the POLITICAL CLUB, &c.

for they are forbid to take any herrings on board after that day; becaufe all carried away by them are flightly cured, and defigned for prefent confumption, whereas thofe taken after that day, are all cured, and ftowed in the hold of the bufs, which upon her return carries them to Holland, where they are vifited and repack'd for winter keeping, and fold at home, or fent to foreign markets according to the demand.

May

his trade, and that fupport ought to be confidered as a part of the expence attending the trade; whereas the directors of a company are never fuppofed to fupport their families by the falaries they have from A the company, fuppofing them to have falaries, which all directors have not; and in the present case it is not proposed that they fhould have any.

But taking it for granted, Sir, From this account, Sir, of the that no company can poffibly carry Dutch method of carrying on this Bon any trade at fo fmall an expence fishery, you must fee, that it will ás it may be carried on by private always be impoffible for us, to catch men, yet experience has fhewn, that the first market, which is the chief for fetting up a new and unknown profit, in any part of Europe, unless trade, a company has in fome cases we can fit out fuch a number of been abfolutely neceffary; and when buffes or fishing veffels, as will by con- the setting up of a trade required a cert load two or three runners the C very great firft expence, which no first night or two of the fishing; and immediate returns could anfwer, an no fuch concert can be expected from exclufive privilege for a term of years private and feparate adventurers, was reasonable and indifpenfable. especially when the trade is first set Such a trade is like an improvable on foot; for which reafon, I think, farm, which requires an immediate a company is at the beginning abfo- advance of a sum of money for the lutely neceffary. I fhall grant, that D improvement. Let that improvecompanies feldom do carry on any ment be never so certain, no farmer trade at fo little expence, as it may will lay out the fum requifite, unless be carried on by private men; but you grant him a long leafe, that is I can fee no reason for believing the to fay, an exclufive privilege to enthing impoffible. On the contrary, joy that farm for fuch a term of I am of opinion, that if the diyears, as may bring him an advanrectors of a company had honefty, E tage proportionable to the fum of diligence, and publick spirit enough, money he is obliged to lay out upon they might carry on the company's the improvement. trade at a lefs expence than private merchants can do, efpecially if the company has a great flock employed in trade; because private merchants must have their clerks and book. F keepers at home, and their factors abroad, as well as a company, and in proportion to their flock they muft have a greater number, than is neceffary for a company, because every separate merchant must keep feparate books, whereas one fet of G books is fufficient for the company, let their stock be never fo confiderable. Befides, every separate merchant mult fupport his family by

This of granting a long leafe, or exclufive privilege, is always neceffary in countries that are to be new planted, and in trades that are to be newly fet up it is often as neceffary; and when the preservation of fuch a trade requires an extraordinary annual expence, this exclufive privilege must be continued, or the company must be undone, not because they are at a greater expence in carrying on the trade than private men are, but because they alone fupport that expence, which others are allowed to reap the benefit of. It was this chiefly that ruined our African com

pany;