Can you show from American history that "to join any league of European nations is contrary to our traditions and superstitions"? Be specific in illustrating what you have to say.

If you can, should this fact carry much weight in arguing for or against the United States joining a League of Nations?

What do you think of Mr. Williams's defense of President Wilson, found on pages 235 and 236?

Article X of the League of Nations Covenant has been talked about probably more than any half-dozen other articles contained in it. Have you actually read Article X? Is, or is not, much that is said about it misrepresentation?

Have you compared what the various party platforms say about the League of Nations? What is your opinion of these platform comments upon this topic?

How do you define the following: Stultify, "irreconcilables," rancor, tradition, superstition, alliance.

If you wish to get an authoritative view of President Wilson's foreign policies, and be able to judge whether he has departed radically from the policies followed by other American Presidents, you could do no better than read the following books: "The Foreign Policy of Woodrow Wilson," by Robinson and West (Macmillan); "The President's Control of Foreign Re

lations," by B. E. S. Corwin (Princeton

University Press); "President Wilson's State Papers and Addresses," published by the George H. Doran Co.; "The Relation of the Executive Power to Legislation," by H. C. Black (Princeton University Press).

Clearing the Jungle

Can you show that significant progress has been made in the last few years in building up confidence between the employers and employees? How essential is such confidence to social and material prosperity?

If you were an employer, would yon believe in paying a saving wage instead of a living wage? What are your reasons?

Would you be willing to pay a cent or two a pound more for meat if that would permit the stockyard employees of our country ultimately to own their homes?

Do you think we ought to speak well of 1 These questions and comments are designed not only for the use of current events classes and clubs, debating societies, teachers of history and English,. and the like, but also for discussion in the home and for suggestions to any reader who desires to study current affairs as well as to read about them. -THE EDITORS.

those who own the stockyards and meatpacking houses?

you

Would and I be better off if the meat-packing companies were made to get out of business and individual competition in the meat business established instead?

A friend of yours wishes advice as to how to handle his business. Can you point out to him several sound principles of business management?

Many employees cannot see the justice of big salaries for the managers of business concerns. Do you think efficient management should be highly compensated?

Define, the following terms: Demeanor, indefatigable, aspersions, slander, surmise, juvenile delinquency.

Here are some valuable books recommended in connection with this topic: "When the Workmen Help You Manage,' by W. R. Bassett (Century); "Common Sense and Labor," by Samuel Crowther manity," by W. L. M. King (Houghton (Doubleday, Page); "Industry and HuMifflin) "Modern Industrial

Move

A Foremost Jew

Did Mr. Schiff get the eulogy that has been accorded him simply because he was a rich man and gave away much money?

How can an individual get the sincere, open, and unanimous praise of his neighbor?

What were some of the things about Mr. Schiff that you liked very much?

What names of other rich men and great benefactors occur to you?

Every one ought to spend considerable time in reading about those who have had a definite influence on thought and action. biographies are those entitled "Makers of For this purpose two excellent series of

the Nineteenth Century" (Henry Holt) and Figures from American History (Scribners).

The Second Socialist Ousting

How does Mr. Davenport account

The skill has gone

into the strength and rigidity of their construction, and the accurate fitting of every part.

The forethought has gone into their de

bly Socialists?

Do you agree with him in saying that

the expulsion of these Socialists was "stupid strategy"?

Would you consider an individual proSocialist who denounces the action of the New York Assembly as to these Socialists?

Are you opposed to Socialism? If so, just why are you?

Mr. Davenport speaks of "parliamentry government " in his article on another page. What is it? How is it conducted?

There are those who believe that the co-operative movement among consumers and producers which has made extraordinary progress in the United States since 1914 is Socialisin. Is it?

Can you show a better method of fighting unsound doctrine in America than that followed by the New York Assembly?

ity to every storage purpose and the careful selection of material.

Consult us about Steel Racks and Bins or about Steel Lockers.

DURAND STEEL LOCKER CO.

1573 Ft. Dearborn Bank Bldg. 573 Park Row Bldg. Chicago New York

A LETTER FROM RUSSIA'S LITTLE GRANDMOTHER

CA

ATHERINE BRESHKOVSKY, "the Little Grandmother of the Russian Revolution," who aroused so much interest during her recent visit to this country, is now at work among the orphans in Russian Carpathia. She was unable to re-enter Russia because Denikine refused her a passport.

She writes that the peasants of Russian Carpathia have "clear minds and good hearts," and are eager to learn, but are utterly destitute. She has started an orphanage at Uzhorod, aud begs her friends in America to send clothing, paper, pencils, pens and ink, slates, maps, scissors, knives and other tools, playthings, materials to be made up by the children, paints and brushes, and instructive pictures. She says:

"Clothes for children are indispensable. Coarse and second-hand garments would do, for they are naked, and the winter begins in November, and in autumn we have rain. Send all you can get to A. A. Beskida, President of the School Fund, Uzhorod, Karpato Russ, Czechoslovakia. We shall be grateful for every donation to our naked and hungry, ignorant but very capable children. It will be such a delight to see them rationally occupied, working with their minds and hands, instead of wandering from door to door, imploring for a bit of coarse bread or a cold potato, and never learning anything!

"Their country is beautiful and rich, but it will take two or three years before these poor people will be able to look out for themselves. Do not accuse us, dear Americans! You are living in much better conditions. Nobody has trampled down your soil, nobody has robbed you of your property."

Any one who cannot easily pack clothing, etc., to go abroad may send it to Mrs. S. Eleanor Gregg, 3 Monadnock Street, Boston 25, Massachusetts, to be forwarded. ALICE STONE BLACKWELL.

I

Chilmark, Massachusetts.

CONCERNING MR. F. D. ROOSEVELT'S LETTER TO

THE OUTLOOK

HAVE read with interest Franklin D. Roosevelt's letter to The Outlook on page 93 of the issue of September 15.

He asserts that what he meant to say in his speech at Butte, Montana, was that on any grave international question affecting the destiny of any Republic on the North or South American Continent we would all vote practically as a unit because of harmony of interest."

Please note that he limits the unity of voting to such questions as "affect the destiny of any American Republic." The destiny of all such Republics is now safeguarded by our Monroe Doctrine, which under the weak, ambiguous wording of Article XXI of the Covenant is in danger of being nullified. We are not at all fearful of the "destiny" of the Republics mentioned so long as the United States is free to interpret and apply the Monroe Doctrine. Regardless of voting power, any aggression against any American Republic would of necessity have to be met by the United States.

There is much jealousy and almost hatred of the United States, in some cases,

on the part of some of the mentioned Republics. In view of this, how they would vote as between us and the conflicting, selfish interests of Europe, is the vital question. The small Republics have little or no money, armies, or navies that could be used by the Council of the League to prevent territorial aggression or other international complications under the power of Article X. They could easily vote to entangle us when they had no self-interest at stake.

Mr. Roosevelt's position now is that we should enter the League because, forsooth, in a restricted sense we should and might have the voting support of the small American Republics. If our great Republic must be guided in its conclusions by the possible future conduct of a lot of little nations, two of which we are now invading, it is better far that we enter not the League at all.

The only great solvent nation on earth to-day, with due regard to its own destiny and its world work, can and should determine its duty alone as to the League of Nations. If we are not able to make our own decision, we are fearful of our future. The United States should never take her stand on world matters, influenced by the possible future act of others. History divulges that we have done the right because it was right. Mr. Roosevelt's position smacks too much of cheap barter and sale akin to European diplomacy.

GEORGE FRANKLIN OSLER.

Madeira, Ohio.

"THE PIG AND THE PRIMARY:" A READER'S VIEW

MR.

R. HAROLD T. PULSIFER, of your editorial staff, presents in your issue of September 1 an interesting suggestion for an improvement in our method of selecting Presidential candidates, by which the choice would fall on the candidate satisfactory to the largest number, and not on. a "dark horse," in whom comparatively few are interested. He asks those who think they know a better plan to send it to the editors of The Outlook.

A simple way, it seems to me, and one certainly more easily obtainable, would be to attempt at present no change in the election of delegates to the National Conventions, which this year, at least, represented fairly well the parties as a whole. Provide in the voting, however, that after the first ballot all candidates be dropped who do not obtain ten per cent, or possibly (following Mr. Pulsifer) twenty per cent, of the total votes cast. Then on each ballot drop the lowest candidate until but one is left. Provide for pauses between the ballots for parleyings, if desired. There would be fewer ballotings than at present, and the final choice would be that of the majority of those present. Then vote again in the same way for VicePresident. Lay stress in each election on the desirability of a candidate from a strategically important State, and let the delegates themselves give this, in their votes, its due weight.

Unless the Democrats drop their requirement that the successful candidate receive two-thirds of the votes cast, a modification of this plan would be necessary for their conventions.

This method was followed in the election of all our class officers in my senior year at Harvard-the Class of 1879. Buffalo, New York. FRANCIS ALMY.

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DR. HOLMES AND THE

STEREOSCOPE

FRIEND of the "Bookman," Mr. Gilbert Shepard, told its "Gossip Shop" of an old store in Boston, kept by a Mr. Bates, in which Mr. Shepard worked as a boy :

"Dr. Holmes and Ralph Waldo Emerson used to come into the store. So did Whittier and Longfellow. Well, Dr. Holmes would visit the place because he was interested in stereoscopes. The earliest form of the stereoscope was a big box with D lenses in it. Dr. Holmes noticed that the lenses were not always adapted to the eyes of the person who used the box. He conceived the idea of putting the lenses on one end of a little stick and the picture on the other. You could make the picture slide toward the lenses at will, so that you could get the proper focus.

"Mr. Bates made all sorts of novelties, and so he turned out a lot of these new stereoscopes at Dr. Holmes's suggestion. They were good sellers, I remember. Mr. Bates, however, added an improvement of his own devising, in the shape of a shade for the eyes. He had seen people put one hand over the eyes when looking at the pictures.

"Emerson often came into the shop. He always had a pleasant word for me, patted me on the shoulder, and wanted to know how I was getting along. One day he ran in when it was raining. He needed an umbrella, but he couldn't remember the right word. He stood in che middle of the store with one arm rigid in the air and the other working up and down alongside it until we realized that he was imitating an umbrella in the raising."

THE DEVIL'S PROPERTY IN THE UNITED STATES WONDER if the people of the United States realize how much property they have allotted to the devil. In making an invoice of his property, I find rivers, lakes, mountains, creeks, gulches, towns, and other miscellaneous holdings. The accounts of these places indicate that they have been consigned to him because of the despondency, wrath, or awe of the first persons to locate the places so allotted.

In Alaska there are eight tracts important enough to enumerate, consisting of three mountains, a portion of a fourth (the Devil's Thumb), two sunken reefs, a gulch, and a bend in the Yukon River (the Devil's Elbow).

The Devil's Post Pile is located in California; his natural tower in Wyoming; and he has a kitchen in each-Yellowstone Park and Nevada. Both kitchens are filled with seething pots of mud and boiling lakes. For his sport he has been granted a slide in Colorado and another in Utah. He has a gulch in California, an inkstand in the Yellowstone, a causeway in Colorado, and five creeks, a river, and several mountains west of the Mississippi River. He also has many lesser pieces of property such as lakes, gardens, rocks, and inns; and with six other devils he owns the Seven Devils' Mountains.

In the United States proper there are fourteen villages allotted to his Majesty. Puritanical New England contains none of these, but the Southeastern States have made their contribution, allotting a town in