NEW BOOKS FOR CHILDREN

STORIES (Continued)

Tyltyl. Maeterlinck's "Betrothal " for Children. Told by Alexander Teixeria de Mattos. Dodd, Mead & Co. Beautifully illustrated. Large volumes. 10-14.

TALES OF TRAVEL

A Boy in Serbia. By E. C. Davies. Thomas Y. Crowell Co.

Little People Everywhere Series: Hassan in Egypt. Chandra in India. Marta in Holland. By Etta Blaisdell McDonald and Julia Dalrymple. Little, Brown & Co. 8-12.

Twin Travelers in the Holy Land. By Mary H. Wade. Frederick A. Stokes Co.

Travels of an American girl and boy in modern Palestine, Illustrated from photographs. 8-12.

When I was a Boy in Scotland. By George McPherson Hunter. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.

When I was a Boy in Persia. By Youel R. Mirza. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.

FICTION

NATURE AND SCIENCE

Nuova, or the New Bee. By Vernon Kellogg. Houghton Mifflin Co.

A curious combination of authentic nature lore with sugge.tive allegory. 8-14.

On the Edge of the Wilderness. By Walter Pritchard Eaton. W. A. Wilder & Co.

Tales of wild animal neighbors. 10-14.

Puppies and Kittens. By Carine Cadby. E. P. Dutton & Co.

Sympathetic and genuine animal stories illustrated from photographs. 8-12.

The Boy with the U. S. Trappers. By Francis Rolt Wheeler. Lothrop, Lee & Shepard Co.

Adventures of boys accompanying the workers of the United States Biological Survey. Interesting and informing.

10-14.

Uncle Sam, Fighter. By William Atherton Du Puy. Frederick A. Stokes Co.

Deals interestingly and instructively with many aspects of National administration. 14.

Big-Town Round-Up (The). By William MacLeod Raine. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston.

The lively adventures of an honest and clean young Arizona ranchman in New York-perhaps we are told that he is clean a superfluous number of times. The story has "punch."

Bull-Dog Drummond. By Cyril McNeile. The George H. Doran Company, New York. The super-hero outwits the super-villains and escapes the tortures planned for him (including a lingering death in an acidfilled bathtub), all in the blithest and most cheerful manner. The reader is terribly excited one moment and moved to smiles the next.

It Pays to Smile. By Nina Wilcox Putnam. The George H. Doran Company, New York. Freedom Talbot, a blue-blooded spinster of Boston, and "Peaches Pegg, a glorious California girl, see Italy together and encounter a prince who steals masterpieces of ancient art but is an honorable man-why and how is the story's mystery. A love tale with fun and plot attachments. Little Pierre. By Anatole France. Translated

by J. Lewis May. The John Lane Company, New York.

M. France rather gains than loses charm and delicacy of literary touch in turning from formal romance to this agreeable story of a clever French boy's life. Pierre appreciates and describes the people and society about him, and his spirit is in turns one of gentle irony or gracious sympathy. Lucinda. By Anthony Hope. D. Appleton & Co., New York.

This novel by the author of the "Prisoner of Zenda and the " Dolly Dialogues" is much more closely related to reality in life and character than either of those books. One feels that Mr. Hope is now writing to please his own ideals of the art of fiction rather than to amuse the crowd. The elopement of a bride on her wedding day with a brilliant, mercurial, irresponsible Italian gives a starting-point for subtle unfolding of the temperament and conduct of the two; blameworthy as they may be, they are vastly more interesting than the blameless and conventional people with whom they are contrasted. The novel is on original lines and has underlying humor.

Poor Man's Rock. By Bertrand W. Sinclair. Little, Brown & Co., Boston.

This is a tale of the salmon fishery industry about Vancouver Island. It combines a vigorous, clear-cut, and exciting romance of action and of love with a remarkably interesting picture of the taking, canning, and sale of the salmon, and of a

business fight between a "combine "" and an independent operator. This last may sound prosaic, but it is far from being so. Altogether the novel is a strong piece of writing.

HISTORY AND POLITICAL ECONOMY Democracy After the War. By J. A. Hobson. The Macmillan Company, New York. Democracy and Government. By Samuel Peterson. Alfred A. Knopf, New York. Real Democracy in Operation: The Example of Switzerland. By Félix Bonjour. The Frederick A. Stokes Company, New York.

Aristophanes once pilloried the irresponsible demos. But the peoples of modern democracies, M. Bonjour justly affirms, are no longer irresponsible, but clear-sighted and obedient to best impulses when duly enlightened by the leaders of thought.

Yet effective democracy, says Mr. Hobson, the English critic, nowhere exists either in politics or in the industry of any nation. True, the forms exist in America, Great Britain, France; "but nowhere does the will of the people play freely through these forms." As an indication that it does not in this country we have but to look at our suffrage laws and our electoral system and contemplate the reorganization necessary to a scientific government. To bring this about Mr. Peterson would first make our officers responsible to the people, and, second, would obtain capable and eficient men as such officers.

What are the ideas with regard to democratic reform to be carried into effect and how may they be carried into effect? We get a hint in Mr. Peterson's book; those which have to do with elections are particularly interesting to us at the present time. For instance, we are witnessing a general disgust with the primary system. As far as Presidential candidates are concerned, Presidential primaries are not held on the same day in all the States, and the primary law varies in the different States. At the same time, for any elections, direct primaries do facilitate nominations, we are told, for primaries are based on the assumption that every voter is a member of some party, and particularly require that every candidate shall represent some party. The main reform to be kept in mind is direct legislation. In the ultimate analysis we come to the will of the people expressed in amendments to the Federal Constitution, such as those concerning prohibition and woman suffrage. Mr. Peterson would have amendments to the Constitution adopted, not by two-thirds, but by the majority of the States.

In the application of the democratic

idea Switzerland leads the way. The initia tive, the referendum, compulsory voting, proportional representation, and the dire election of members of the Governmentthese instances of direct democracy, a M. Bonjour says, set a limit to revol tionary agitation by depriving it of pr texts. Again, as he declares, Switzerlan represents the League of Nations in minia ture through her achievement in uniting races and languages which elsewhere ar given up to pitiless conflict.

Democracy is also alive to the ner economic situation due to the war. The labor markets have been flushed with the rapid returning of men from the fighting force into industry. Coincidentally, strong holds of profiteering have been reveale and men like Mr. Hobson fear a reconciling of workers to "subjugation and restraints This bodes ill to democracy. Yet with Mr. Hobson we must believe that "the r materials and energy for a great demo cratic movement are at hand, provide thought, organization, and direction ca make them effective."

Frontier in American History (The). B Frederick Jackson Turner. Henry Holt & C New York.

Pregnant contributions to the history of our country's growth, with, as a natur consequence, a strong predominance in the narrative of the influence of the West on the development of the country. Are hypercritical in thinking that essays of such pith and moment demand a better format:

ESSAYS AND CRITICISM

Roads to Childhood. By Annie Carroll Mor The George H. Doran Company, New York. Miss Moore knows these roads and talks of them delightfully. Her paper about Writing for Children is a fine plea for imagination and against dullness in chil dren's books, a protest against "robbing the encyclopædia of untimely information to put in the place of lively incident and dramatic human interest." As the super visor of New York City's children's library work and as a lover and reviewer of children's books she has herself that quality she ascribes to Miss Hewins, to whom she dedicates these capital papers "the rare gift of a companionship with books based on friendship rather than on desire for knowledge."

TRAVEL AND DESCRIPTION

Roaming Through the West Indies. B Harry A. Franck. Illustrated. The Century Company, New York.

"Fire

Harry Franck is so good an observer and writer that one regrets that he did not make two books out of his experiences in the West Indies and print them in larger type, with full-page pictures. side travels" must first of all be comfort able books to read. There is a wealth of interesting fact, anecdote, and observation in this volume, however, and people who love Franck will dig it out. Tahiti Days. By Hector MacQuarrie. Illas trated. The George H. Doran Company, New York. of his The author had a bad in one spot lungs and went to the South Seas to cure it. He got well. He has made a book about his experiences that will cause many readers to wish that they could take simi lar treatment for any ill that may beset them. It is one of the most entertaining of the recent books about adventure in the islands of the Pacific.

W

Fiume Free

HERE are Prague, Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Fiume, Istria, Dalmatia, Montenegro? Should an American know where these are located?

What can Miss Markell mean when she says on another page of this issue of The Outlook, "Prague presents the spectacle of all that is oldest and newest in our civilization"? What influence has Prague had in history?

Does Miss Markell say and imply enough to warrant her belief that Czechoslovakia has "one of the most advanced, perhaps the most progressive constitutions in Europe." Would an Englishman be apt to agree with her? What are your reasons ? When and under what conditions was Czechoslovakia made an independent nation?

How much can you tell of the history of the Czechoslovak people? Who held them under oppression for three hundred years?

Miss Markell speaks of inflation, deflation, gold reserve, and economic distress. What is the meaning of the first three of these terms? What relation exists between them and economic welfare?

The writer also tells us that Czechoslovakia has strict limitation of land holdings and proportional representation. What do these mean? Do you think it would be well for us to adopt both of these arrangements?

What were the leading facts about the Adriatic dispute? Do you think President Wilson was right or wrong when he declared that Fiume should go to Jugoslavia?

Give accurate definitions for the following Legitimate warfare, omnipresent, triumvirate, kronen, hectares, confiscatory?

You will find interesting and valuable information in "Dalmatia and the JugoSlav Movement," by M. I. Pupin (Scribners), and "Europe, 1789-1920," by E. R. Turner (Doubleday, Page).

The Victory of the Reds in
the Crimea

Where is the Crimea? What do you know about a great war that was fought there during the nineteenth century? What were its causes and main results?

Now that General Wrangel's forces are overwhelmed, what is the big question European Powers are confronted with?

What ideas have you as to the solution of this question? Is its solution a matter in which the United States should participate? What reasons have you for your

answer?

What are some of the leading political and economic beliefs of Lenine and Trotsky? What do Bolshevism and Sovietism really mean to yon?

How do you define the following terms: 1 These questions and comments are designed not ouly for the use of current events classes and clubs, debating societies, teachers of history and English. and the like, but also for discussion in the home and for suggestion to any reader who desires to study current affairs as well as to read about them. -THE EDITORS.

Quiescent, Sebastopol, non-combatants, Sea of Azov.

Two books well worth reading in connection with this topic are Sovietism,"

by W. E. Walling (E. P. Dutton), and "The Greatest Failure in all History," by John Spargo (Harper & Brothers).

The Road Ahead

In an editorial on another page of The Outlook, entitled "The Road Ahead," an attempt is made to answer a very important question. By no means fail to read this editorial.

Did you conclude that, on the morning of November 3, 1920, the people of the United States showed that they "believed in an association of nations"?

What vital reasons are there for holding the view that "never again can any political leader aver that a great European war does not concern us Is President-elect

Harding of this opinion?

Would you be willing that the United States "enter into any kind of military alliance in which the nations put their military forces at the call of a foreign power or combination of powers"?

Is The Outlook right in saying that "the President had, under the Constitution, neither legal nor moral right to commit the American people to any responsibility for making the new map of Eu"?

rope

How do you define the following expressions Society of free nations, international exigency, the Administration, bi-partisan, mandate, arbitration tribunal.

:

of

The following books will greatly aid you in understanding the development of political thought in the United States "American Political Ideals," by C. E. Merriam (Macmillan); "Political Problems American Development," by Albert Shaw (Columbia Univ. Press); "The United States: An Experiment in Democracy," by Carl Becker (Harpers).

The League of Nations; Geneva's New Importance Where did the League get the money from to purchase its permanent headquarters? Did the United States contribute?

The editor of a New York daily, in speaking of our absence from the first meeting of the League of Nations, says that "we belong in it as a peace-loving people, and we ought to be in it to live up to our reputation as a shrewd' Yankee nation." What do you think of this comment?

Is the League alive or is it "dead"? Is what you have to say mere opinion, or is it backed up by actual facts?

You will find arguments for and against our entering the League in the following books:

"American World Policies," by D. J. Hill (Doran); "The New World Order," by F. C. Hicks (Doubleday, Page); "The World War and Wilson," by George Creel (Harpers); " League of Nations at Work," by A. Sweetser (Macmillan).

US

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"BETTER BE SURE THAN

SORRY"

HAVE been much interested in the let

Iters on the use or supposed abuse of the automobile horn contained in your issues of September 22 and November 3. To me both these writers seem wrong. As I see it, the automobile horn and its use are a necessary part of automobile operation on the public streets and highways, to assist in keeping those thoroughfares safe for pedestrians and other travelers while being so used.

As a motorist who sometimes walks, I object, because of my use when driving of ny automobile's audible signal of approach, o being classed with the ancient kings vho sent criers before them to clear the vay. Neither do I think it would be for he public welfare to forbid the use of the notor horn in city driving. The chief care f a good driver in traffic is not speed or o make pedestrians clear the way, but to void accident, which may be the result of arelessness on both sides, but frequently y one party only. Pedestrians, it is true, have the right of way at corners and on ountry roads where there are no side7alks, but that is no reason why they hould not be apprised of the approach of n automobile, in order that carelessness in their part by making an unexpected move at the crucial moment of passing may not be productive of accident. This n the principle, as some one has said, that is better, far better, to be sure than orry.

The writer has served on more than one ary

to settle a case arising from an autoobile accident, and there is at least one uestion which the attorney for the proseution never fails to ask: "Did you sound our horn to give notice of approach?" If ou did, you are presumably within the law

that respect; but if not, where is the ry, whether composed of motorists or on-motorists, that would absolve you from lame? The argument by the attorney for he defense that his client did not sound he horn for reasons of delicacy as to his ghts on the highway or to avoid appearig to command the situation in an autoratic manner would sound, indeed, like a me and manufactured excuse.

Also, I think the use of the horn purely or signaling other autos, except in case f passing from behind, is highly impraccable; not only because the interpretaon of such a signal based on the number f blasts would often be misunderstood or ike so long that the purpose of the signal ould have passed, but because it would be ifficult for a driver to determine which ar was signaling if more than two were resent. I much prefer the visible signal, otwithstanding many drivers use the same or slowing down as for turning a corner, nd extend the arm to the left when turnig a right-hand corner, surely a needless nd misleading performance. I am rised, though, that State laws, which reuire reflecting mirrors and dimmed headghts, do not also require mechanical gnals attached to the brakes and dislayed in the rear, which warn a following ar of a reduction of speed on the part of e car ahead. They cannot be expensive, nd on the introduction of such a law in ne or more States would doubtless soon ecome part of a car's regular equipment. EDWARD H. HOLMES.

Montclair, New Jersey.

sur

T

Problem

-The Answer

HE successive increases in eastern freight rates since 1914 of 5%, 15%, 25% and 40%, and corresponding advances in express rates, have figuratively removed New York eastward into the Atlantic Ocean some 1,500 miles, as measured by the present carrying charges to the Middle West.

Slow rail service has doubled and tripled the time in transit, making long-haul distribution economically impossible and consequential interest charges excessive.

While the raw materials and markets of the Mississippi Valley, Middle West and Far West have been further removed from the long-haul eastern manufacturer, they have been drawn closer to the short-haul St. Louis manufacturer.

The relatively better transportation service enjoyed by St. Louis industries is a big factor in economical production and distribution. Nine-tenths of the railroad embargoes during and since the war, so costly to industry, were placed because of freight jams and blockades in the East, where there is one-third of the population of the country and only 17% of the railroad mileage.

The per capita inefficiency of industrial labor has been, and is, greatest in the congested eastern sections, and is in ratio with the decrease in efficiency of transportation.

A Mid-West Factory in St. Louis

commands the advantages of short-haul and better service via 26 railroads at low relative charges to more than 60% of the country's buying power and real choice between all export routes. Mississippi River service at 80% of rail rates.

The central location of St. Louis is as if "made to order" for present and prospective economic conditions.

The booklet "St. Louis as a Manufacturing Center" tells an interesting story. A letter will bring it, if addressed to

Director New Industries Bureau

St. Louis Chamber of Commerce St. Louis, U. S. A.

WE

lain woome

additional remuneration.
Sincerely Yours
Charles Dickens.

CARTER

XND

PRODUCTS

7E have shown you some interesting "historical manuscripts" this year. We have invariably found these manuscripts preserved in vaults, to protect the ink from light. It is sometimes difficult to obtain permission to photograph them, for each additional exposure again dims the already "faded writing.

Are your "manuscripts"-your contracts, agreements, deeds and records-carefully preserved? If they were written with Carter's Writing Fluid you need have no apprehension. Carter's never fades. It is permanent. With its clear, rich blue, the use of Carter's is a pleasure in the present, a protection for the future.

THE NATION'S INDUS

TRIAL PROGRESS Believing that the advance of business is a subject of vital interest and importance, The Outlook will present under the above heading frequent dis cussions of subjects of industrial and commercial interest. This department will include paragraphs of timely interest and articles of educational value dealing with the industrial upbuilding of the Nation. Comment and suggestions are invited.

THE SUNSHINE FACTORY

D URING the past two decades indus trial managers have been confronted with many and varied problems. They have studied new theories of plant management, routing of material, industrial engineering, etc. That all-embracing word efficiency" has been overworked. Nor plant managers are turning to a new and far more important line of study-the study of men and women as human beings.

More and more we are coming to realize that "labor" is not merely a commodity to be paid for according to the market price. Labor is far more than this-it is an aggregation of human brains, thoughts, and impulses. It is the job of the far-seeing executive of the present to look into those human brains and rightly interpret and understand how such brains are working. The worker of to-day has raised himself to a higher standard of thinking largely by co-operative effort. He is no longer content to endure long hours, unsanitary sur roundings, and a dreary monotony of occu pation without protest. He wants a chance to let his mind develop at least through cheerfulness of environment. He wants the sunlight to be let in, so that his soul, like a plant, may be permitted to give itself expression.

The biggest executives of to-day are perceiving and providing for this constantly growing demand for expression on the part of their workers. Cheerfulness of envi ronment during working hours is becoming recognized as an essential condition of the modern industrial plant. And so we have the "sunshine factory"-with glass walls allowing the natural daylight to prevail, careful ventilation, and attention to other sanitary requirements. Experience has shown that proper working environment soon cuts down labor turnover and insures a better day's work.

A writer in a recent issue of the "Amer ican Builder" has described the "sunshine factory" in the following words:

"Two men passing a large factory at the noon hour paused and listened to the sounds of merriment and lusty shouts issaing from the playground.

"There's a happy bunch,' remarked one. 'I wonder how Jones does it? You never hear of discontent in his plant. He has the liveliest, most loyal bunch of workers in town. What's the reason?'

in

"Simple,' answered his friend. 'He built his factory on the sunshine plan Jones is a firm believer in the power of sunlight, both physically and mentally. By building a daylight factory, as he calls it, he drives away the gloom that grows dark corners and puts ginger into his help. They thrive on real light, not the artificial brand. Plenty of good fresh air keeps them keen, wide-awake, not sluggish and mopy. They really enjoy their work and don't shirk. Why, look at that building! It's a wall of windows-not a dark corner col in the place where germs and dirt can lect. I tell you, it pays to get as much window space as you can.'

"The factory they were looking at was