And first. As soon as laziness will let me, I rise from bed, and down I sit me. Dodsley. The Foolman. LEA. A. S. Leag, ley. Somner calls it, LEASE. terra inculta, lay-land, land that LE'ASOW. lieth untilled. Gower uses the expression" the lease, which is plaine;" Verstegan takes Legh, ley, or lea, "to signifie ground that heth unmanured, and wildly overgrowne." And Skinner says, that a lay or lea of land may perhaps be from the A. S. Lec-gan, ponere, to lay, because in the year we allow it to remain untilled, we lay dung upon it. And see the quotations from Beaum. & Fletch. and Dryden; who write it lay. There is, however, in the A. S. the verb Læsw-ian, pascere, pabulari, to feed, to foster, or pasture cattle, as is usual on commons; and the noun Lasre, pascuum, feeding ground or pasture, a leese or common. Wiclif uses both verb and noun. And see Lesuris in Jamieson. From plain or pasture land it is extended to the plain surface of water. See the first quotation from Spenser. of welles swete and colde ynow, of lesen and of mede. R. Gloucester, p. 1. And not fer fro hem was a flock of many swyn lesewynge. Wiclif. Matthew, c. 8. And he schal go yn and schal go out, and he schal fynde leewis-Id. Jon, c. 10. And upon this, also men sayn, That fro the lease, which is plaine Into the breres thei forcatche.-Gower. Con. A. Prol. Beaum. & Fletch. Love's Pilgrimage, Act iii. sc. 3. As when two warlike brigandines at sea, Though many a load of marle and manure layd, All the forenamed places the said Earle gaue and granted to the said John, sonne to the King of England, for euermore, with his daughter, so freelie, wholie and quietlie, (in men and cities, castels, fortresses, or other places of defense, in medowes, leassewes, &c.)—Holinshed Hen. II. an. 1173. A tuft of daises on a flowery lay Dryden. The Flower and the Leaf. Or where old Cam soft paces o'er the lea The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, LEAD, n. LEADEN. A. S. Læd; Dut. Loot; Ger. Lot. Wachter derives from Loosen, solvere, to dissolve; or Lassen, fundere, liquefacere, to melt. Skinner, from Lad-an, ducere, because of all the baser metals it is (as he thought) the most ductile. Of seluer and of gold, of tyn and of lead. R. Gloucester, p. 1. The land after Saturne groweth, And Jupiter the brass bestoweth.-Gower. Con. 4. b. iv. All they that shoulde he brasse, tynne, yron, and leade, are in the fyre become drosse-Bible, 1551. Ezekiel, c. 22. He causeth th' one to rage with golden burning dart, And doth alay with leaden cold again the other's hart. Surrey. Description of the Fickle Affections, &c. The rosiall colour whiche was wonte to be in his visage, tourned into a salowe, the resydue pale, his ruddy lippes wan, & his eyen ledy and holowe. Sir T. Elyot. The Governorr, b. ii. c. 12. 1 He fashioneth the clay with the arm, and boweth down his strength before his feet; he applieth himself to lead it over; and he is diligent to make clean the surface. Bible. Ecclesiastes, xxxviii. 30. island Cassiteris.-Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 56. Midacritus was the first man that brought lead out of the For thy he thril'd thee with a leaden dart There is a great difference, and discernable even to the which I can show you so like steel, and so unlike common eye, betwixt the several ores; for instance, of lead, some of lead-ore, that the workmen upon that account are pleased to call it steel-ore.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 323. A leaden tower upheaves its heavy head, LEAD, v. LEAD, n. LE'ADER. LE'ADING, n. LE'ADMAN. To go before as guide or conduce to follow; to conduce or conduct; to induce, ductor; to show the way or inattract, or persuade, to regulate the course; to draw on; to cause to follow or pursue. Lead, with prepositions, is used as equivalent to the compounds of the Lat. Ducere; e. g. to abduce, to adduce, &c. To hys mayne he seyde, That he wolde to his Godes his ofryng lede. R. Gloucester, p. 25. He ariued at Southhampton, as the wynd hym had y lad. Id. p. 91. The Scottes & the Peihtes togider gan thei chace, To waste alle Northumberland, the godes away thei ledde. R. Brunne, p. 7. And he that best laborede. best was alowede And leders for here laborynge. overe al the lordes goodes. Piers Plouhman, p. 141. Thei ben blynde and leederis of blynde men, and if a blinde man lede a blynde man, bothe fallen downe in the diche.- Wiclif. Matthew, c. 15. They be the blynde leaders of the blynde. If the blynde leade the blynde, bothe fall into the dyche.-Bible, 1551. Ib. This knight is to his chambre ladde anon Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,486. In gouernance hath vndertake.-Id. Ib. b. vii. What supports me, dost thou ask? The conscience, friend, t'have lost them overply'd In liberty's defense, my noble task, Of which all Europe talks from side to side. This thought might lead me through the world's vain mask. Content though blind, had I no better guide. Milton. To Cyriac Skinner. So that we may justly impute all that was extraordinary in the valour of Cæsar's men, to their long exercise vnder a good leader, in so great a warre.-Hakewill. Apol b. iv. s. 9. Flaccus selected out of his legions a company of chosen men, and committed them to the leading of Dillius Vocula, lieutenant of the eighteenth legion.-Savile. Tacitus, p.151. Such a light and mettled dance And by leadmen for the nonce, That turn round like grindle stones.-B. Jonson, Then why, like ill-condition'd children, Blair. Grave. He try'd each art, reprov'd each dull delay, Goldsmith. Deserted Village. The party which takes the lead there has no longer any apprehensions.-Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 3. I thank God, I am neither a minister nor a leader of op.. position.-Id. Ib. Let 1 Leaf is applied to various things, flat and thin; as the leaf of a tree, of a book, of a table, of a door; to a substance beaten flat and thin, as leafgold, leaf-silver. I se it by ensample in sommer time on trees Alle the leves fallen. And he saugh a fige tre bisidis the weye and cam to it and fond nothing therynne but leeves onely. Wiclif. Matthew, c. 21. And spied a fygge tree in the waye, and came to it, and fonde nothyng theron but leues onely-Bible, 1551. Ib. Turne over the leaf, and chese another tale. Chaucer. The Milleres Prologue, v. 3237. Archigallus was thus restored to the kingdome, and learned by due correction that he must turne the leafe, and take out a new lesson, by changing his former trade of liuing into better, if he would reigne in suertie. Holinshed. The Historie of England, b. ii. c. 7. Then I no more shall court the verdant bay, But the dry leafless trunk on Golgotha. Carew. To Master George Sands. She, all as happy as of all the fairest, The island's side. Shakespeare. Pericles, Act v. sc. 1. Of dumps so dull and heauy, The fraud of men were euer so, Since summer first was leafy. Id. Much Adoe about Nothing, Act ii. sc. 3. I will loose the loins of kings, to open before him the two leaved gates, and the gates shall not be shut. Bible. Modern Version. Isaiah, xxiv. 1. For most trees do begin to sprout in the fall of the leaf or autumn, and if not kept back by cold and outward causes, would leaf about the solstice. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 6. Like leares on trees the race of man is found, Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. vi. Dryden. The Flower and the Leaf As from the summit of some desert rock, Of all its honours stript.-Wilkie. The Epigoniad, b. viii. LEAGUE, n. LEAGUE, v. LE'AGUER. } Mason. Isis, a Monologue. Fr. Ligue; It. Lega; Sp. Liga; Low Lat. Liga, a bond, a confederation, -a ligando. (Voss. de Vit. lib. iii. c. 20.) See LIEGE. A bond or obligation, (sc.) to perform certain covenants; a covenant, a combination, a confederacy. Furthermore signifying that he dyd consecrate a newe league of the euangelical profession by this misterie. Udal. Mall. c. 26. Within his breast, as in a palace, lye P. Fletcher. Upon the Picture of Achmet Stow. Q. Elizaveth, an. 1590. In me affianc'd, fortify thy breast, Is to preserve their Country; who oppose; LEA Fr. Lieue; It. Lega; Sp. LEAGUE, n. Legua; Lat. Leuca. The most ancient instance. of the Lat. word, which Vossius had met with, is in the original of the passage quoted from Ammianus. The true reading of the word is uncertain. Spelman writes it leuca, leuga, leuice, and lega; the etymology is unknown. (See Vossius, de Vit. lib. ii. c. 11, and lib. iii. c. 12.) Also Spelman, in v. Leuca, and Menage, in v. Lieue. The storme was so hedeouse, that in lasse than a day they were driuen a hundred leages fro the place wher they were before.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 81. From the place whence the Romanes advaunced their standerds unto the barbarians fort, it was fourteene leagues, til is to say, one and twentie miles. Holland. Ammianus, p. 69. That some few leagues should make this change, To man unlearn'd seems mighty strange. LEAM, or LIAM. A LEA hunter's word, (Skinite which dogs are lead is so called from the Fr. Lien, a band. But lyckynge the legges and handes of the man, whiche My hound then in my lyam, I by the woodman's art To press against in an oblique direction; to Some traverse many a league of country o'er, Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xx. LEAGUER, v. Į See BELEAGUE. Ger. LaqLE'AGUER, n. en; Dut. Laeg-hen; A. Š. Lic-yan, to lay: Ger. Lager; Dut. Legher, (Sw. Laeger, from ligga, quatenus commorari notât,Thre.) A camp; where an army or body of soldiers lay or are laid. A town leaguer'd,-a town before which an army or host is laid, (sc. to assault or attack it.) When as it was perceiued that their slender ranks were not able to resist the thicke leghers of the enemies, they began to shrinke and looke backe one vpon an other, and so of force were constreined to retire. Holinshed. Historie of England, b. vi. c. 13. That 'tis not strange your laundress in the leaguer Massinger. The Fatal Dowry, Act iii. sc. 1. For know, though I appear less eager, Cotton. To John Bradshaw, Esq. 'LEAK, v. LEAK, N. LEAK, adj. LEAKAGE. LE'AKY. Rochester. Upon drinking in a Bowl. Gr. Lechen, lachen, hiare; Dut. Leck, rima, a chink: leck schip, navis rimosa. To gape or open; and, consequentially, to admit or emit, (sc.) any fluid; to admit or let in, to emit, or let, or drop out; to be unable to contain or retain. Seldome chaunseth it, that whoso lyke a foole placeth hymselfe in a leakinge shyppe with such as after, by misfortune, be cast into the sea, doothe scape alyue to lande, and all the reste be drowned.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1386. He by Sithrike's procurement was sent to Flanders in a ship that leaked, and so was drowned. Holinshed. Historie of England, b. vi. c. 19. Fool. Her boat hath a leak, Shakespeare. Lear, Act iii. sc. 6. And fifty sisters water in leke vessels draw. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 5. Gonz. Ile warrent him for drowning, though the ship were no stronger than a nutt-shell, and as leaky as an vnstaunched wench.-Shakespeare. Tempest, Act i. sc. 1. [They found] a cask in one place, and a cask in another;some stay'd against the trees, and leek'd out. Dampier. Voyage, b. ii. pt. iii. c. 6. As, when Against a secret cliff, with sudden shock J. Philips. Cider, b. ii. There is no blab like to the quest'ning fool; And lende vp hys sseld, & harkned hym ynou. R. Gloucester, p. 308. Unto the someres tide ther gan he lende. R. Brunne, p. 18. And in a lände, as Ich lay, lenede Ich & slepte. Piers Plouhman, p. 1. Set me that I maye touche the pillers that the house stande vpon, and that I may leane to them. Bible, 1551. Judges, c. 16. Whereon the queen her weak estate might lean. Prayton. The Barons' Wars, b. iii. Leaning long upon any part maketh it mumme, and, as we call it, asleep.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 735, There's not a blessing individuals find, But some way leans and hearkens to the kind. Pope. Essay on Man, Epist. 4. It is this; that faith is not an assent to propositions of any kind, but a recumbency, leaning, resting, rolling upon, adherency to (for they express themselves in these several terms, and others like them) the person of Christ. Barrow, vol. ii. Ser. 4. Thus to relieve the wretched was his pride, And ev'n his failings lean'd to virtue's side. Goldsmith. The Deserted Village. The mover being a person in office, was, however, the only indication, that was given of such a leaning. Burke. Letter to T. Burgh, Esq. A. S. Hlan-ian, læn-ian, mato be or cerare, marcessere ; become or cause to be thin or meagre. And the adjective lean,— Thin, meagre, poor; having no flesh or fleshy substance; no wholesome or nutritious substance, or quality. LEAN, adj. LE'ANNESS. LE'ANY. But God wot what that May thought in hire herte, Not halfe so pale was Avarice, Id. Rom. of the Rose. They are sped; No drought, no leanenesse that can draw Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. August. LEAP, v. Hamilton. Horace, b. i. Epist. 18. (Somner) Dut. Loop-en; Ger. Lauffen; Sw. Loepa, currere, to run; Goth. Hlaup-an; A. S.Hleap-an, salire, saltare, to leap or skip, See J.OPE. To move at springs or bounds, as distinguished from the step in walking or running; to jump, to spring, to bound. See the quotation from Brown. Leap-year, (see BISSEXTILE,) q.d. annus saltans, because it leaps over, i. e. exceeds others by one day, (Skinner.) Leaper is in speech a common word. And somme lepte her & there. R. Gloucester, p. 396. He & othr wt hym. that hulde nougt wt treuthe Lopen out in lotchliche forme. Piers Ploukman, p. 18. & [modris] seide with a greet voice, rise, thou upright on thi feet: and he lippide and walkide.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 14. The wif came leping inward at a renne, She sayd, "Alas! youre hors goth to the feune." Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 4077. And she whiche toke of death no kepe, Anone forth lepte in to the depe.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv. And euen so shal the children of M. More's faythlesse faith. made by the persuation of mã, leap short of the rest which our Sauiour Jesus is rise vnto.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 268. Johan, come out at some windowe and speke with us, and we shall receive you make a leape, in lykewise as ye haue made some of us to leape wt in this yer. yt behoueth you to make this leape.-Berners. Froissart. Cronyele, c. 378. A man leapeth better with weights in his hands, than without. The cause is, for that the weight, (if it be proportionable,) strengtheneth the sinewes, by contracting them. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 696. And laughing lope to a tree. Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. April. More famous long agone, than for the salmon's leap For beavers Tivy was. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 6. One Barrow made a leap from a vain and libertine youth, to a preciseness in the highest degree. Bacon. Observations on a Libel. Or whether they move per frontem et quadratum, as Scaliger terms it, upon a square base, the legs of both sides moving together, as frogs and salient animals, which is properly called leaping.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 6. Some late writers vppon hope of reward or to curry fauor, with time and state, haue very vaingloriously recommended vnto endles memory, many land-leapers, bragging cowards, &c.-Stow. Q. Elizabeth, an. 1602. On the fiue and twentith daie of Februarie, being Shrouesundaie in the leape yeare, they were solemnlie crowned by the Bishop of Winchester.-Holinshed. Edw. II. an. 1308. With stilts and lope staves that do aptliest wade. Drayton. The Barons' Wars, b. i. Whether the bull or courser be thy care, Let him not leap the cow, nor mount the mare. Dryden. Virgil, Geor. 3. It is a short history of the lover's leap, and is inscribed, An account of the persons male and female, who offered up their vows in the temple of the Pythian Apollo in the fortysixth Olympiad, and leaped from the promontory of Leucate into the Ionian Sea, in order to cure themselves of the passion of love.-Spectator, No. 233. The space of a year is a determinate and well-known period, consisting commonly of 365 days; for, though in bissextile or leap-years it consists properly of 366, yet by the statute 21 Hen. iii. the increasing day in the leap-year, together with the preceding day, shall be accounted for one day only.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. ii. c. 9. LEAP, or LEPE. Le'peful. A. S. Leap, calathus, a basket, hamper or pannier of osiers, (Som ner.) In lepes & in coufles so muche vyss hii ssolde hym brynge R. Gloucester, p. 265. Thei token up that, that lefte of relifs sevene leepis. Wiclif. Mark, c. 8. And leeten hym doun in a leap bi the wal. Id. Dedis, c. 9. And bi a wyndow in a leep I was latun doun bi a wal. Id. 2 Corynth. c. 11. And alle eeten and weren fulfilld and thei token that that was left of relifis sevene lepfull.-Id. Matthew, c. 15. LEAR. See LERE. LEARN, v. LEARNER. LEARNING. LEARNEDISH. LEARNEDLY. A. S. Læran; Ger. Leren; Dut. Lecren; Sw. Learn; Old English, to lere (qv.); A. S. Leornian; Ger. Lernen, to learn. The Goth. is Laisyan; the Ger. have lesen, as well as leren, and lernen; the Goth. Lis-an, and the A. S. Lis-an, and lesan; legere, colligere; to glean, to gather, to collect; Eng. to lease, (sc. corn.) See LEASE, LEASER. It admits then of a conjecture that to learn may mean, to gather or take up; (take or teach, qv. and see BETECHE.) To learn, is (by modern usage) only To take to ourselves, (sc.) the knowledge of any thing; formerly also, to take it to another, to deliver, impart, or communicate it; to teach. To take, accept, or receive (knowledge); to acquire or obtain, gain or procure it. And so heo schulde lerne, with Christenemen to fygte. R. Gloucester, p. 153. Take ye my yok on you, and lerne ye of me, for I am mylde and meke in herte.-Wiclif. Mall. c. 11. Take my yocke on you, and learn of me, for I am meke and lowly in herte.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Lerneth to suffren, or so mote I gon, Chaucer. The Frankeleines Tale, v. 11,090. Certis I know not other men's witts, what I should aske, or in answere, what I should saie, I am so leude my self, that mockell more lernyng, yet me behoueth. Id. The Testament of Loue, b. iii. These and a thousand points more dooeth Erasmus by occasion not onely touche, but also in such sorte moste learnedly handle. Udal, Pref. Besides, the king set in a course so right, Drayton. The Legend of Thomas Cromwell. When I was yet a child, no childish play And yet doth his majesty [King James] distinguish it [magick] from necromancy, witchcraft, and the rest of all which he hath written largely and most learnedly. Ralegh. History of the World, b. i. c. 11. s. 2. For it is true, the late learners cannot so well take the plie; except it be in some mindes, that have not suffered themselves to fix, but have kept themselves open and prepared, to receive continual amendments,-which is exceed ing rare.-Bacon. Ess. Of Custome. The parts of human learning have reference to the three parts of man's understanding which is the seat of learning; history to his memory, poesy to his imagination, and philosophy to his reason. Id. Advancement of Learning, b. ii. Thus then to man the voice of Nature spake, And seem more learnedish than those Butler. Miscellaneous Thoughts. Stern, rugged nurse; thy rigid lore And from her own she leara'd to melt at others' woe. Gray. Hymn to Adversity. Agree, that in harvest used to lease: Dryden. Theocritus, Idyl. 3. There was no office which a man from England might not have; and I looked upon all who were born here as only in the condition of leasers and gleaners.—Swift. A deed or instrument by which any lands or tenements are let, or demised, or the occupation of them granted to another. Applied (met.) as in Donne and Dryden, to any time or term granted. Lessor, lessee, &c. are common legal terms. B. Jonson. To the Memory of Sir Lucius Cary. Shakespeare. Rich. II. Act ii. sc. 1. And as it seemes and is most probable the benchers of this colledge [Lincolne's Inne] tooke an estate of long time by lease, soone after the deathe of the Earle of Lincolne. Slow. Of the Vniuersities in England, c. 14. I could begin again to court and praise, And in that pleasure lengthen the short days Of my life's lease.-Donne. The Expostulation. They were all very sudainly inhabited, and stored with inmates, to the great admiration of the English nation, and aduantage of landlords and leasemongers. Stow. King James, an. 1604. An infant Phenix from the former springs, His father's heir, and from his tender wings Shakes off his parent dust, his method he pursues, And the same lease of life on the same term renews. Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. xv. The lands in America and the West Indies, indeed, are in general not tenanted nor leased out to farmers. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 3. In the Venetian territory, all the arable lands which are given in lease to farmers are taxed at a tenth of the rent. Id. Ib. b. v. c. 2. } LEASH, v. Fr. Lesse; It. Lassa. “A leash LEASH, n. to hold a dog, &c. in ; a bridle, or false rein to hold an horse by; any such long string," (Cotgrave.) together with a leash, or lash. To leash dogs together is to tie or fasten them See LASH. Leash, n. is applied to the number (3) usually leashed together. Now it is behovely to tellen whiche ben dedly sinnes, that it is to say, chieftaines, for as moche as all they run in a lees, but in divers maners.-Chaucer. Persones Tale. Then should the warlike Harry, like himself Or Cerberus himself pronounce A leash of languages at once.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 1. The struggling greyhound gnaws his leash in vain ; If, when 'tis broken, still he drags the chain. Dryden. Persius, Sat. 5. LE'ASIE. This word has been found only in Ascham, and seems to be used by him as equivalent to vague; and may be intended as a derivative (with leasing, qv.) from A. S. Lease, mendax, fallax; fallacious. LE'ASING. For studying therebie to make everie thing straight and easie, in smoothing and playning all things to much, never leaveth, whiles the sense itselfe be left both lowse and leasie. Ascham. The Schole-master, b. ii. A. S. Leas, lease; falsus, LEASING-MONGERS. mendax, lying, false. Leasunge,-a lye, a falsehood. Skinner thinks leasing to have the same origin as losenger, (qv.) and losenger is derived by Junius from lose or loos, laus. (See Los.) The A. S. verb Hlys-an, which Somner interprets celebrare, illustrare, gives the noun hlis-a, fama, relatio, rumor, fame, report, rumour. Whence A. S. Leas, leas-unge; and Eng. Leas-ing. Lying rumour, false report; lying, falsehood, "Lat him enchantors," quoth Merlyn, "sone bi for me brynge, And ich wol preue bi fore the that hea telle that lesynge." R. Gloucester, p. 130. The sothe is to se, Without any lesyng. R. Brunne, p. 237. Whanne he spekith lesynge, he spekith of his owne : for he is a ligre, and fadir of it.—Wiclif. Jun, c. 8, 1201 Piers Plouhman, p. 97. And as a letherne pors. loited his chekus. Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3300. Clad with a garmente wouen of camel's heeres, and girded with a lethere girdill.-Udat. Matthew, c. 3. The prices of that commodity [leather] rose to great, high, and unsupportable rates, which caused a proclamation dated from Westminster, June 1, that no manner of person should carry or export out of the realm any manner of leather, or salt hides, into any strange nation without express licence. Strype. Memorials. Edw. VI. an. 1548. Her lips were, like raw lether, pale and blew. Milton. Comus. Wormius calls this crust a leathery skin.-Grew. Museum. Not seeing that my limber wings Were leather-like vnplum'de, But at the dawning also I Of wing-worke still presum'de. Warner. Albion's England, b. vii. c. 36 The adverse winds in leathern bags he brac'd, Compress'd their force, and lock'd each struggling blast. Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. x The first said the wine tasted of iron; the other affirmed it had a twang of goat's leather; the owner protested the pipe was clean. Time passed on, the wine was sold, and when the pipe came to be cleaned, they found in it a small key, tied to a leathern thong. Smollett. Don Quixote, b. i. c. 13. The A. S. Laf-an-leof-an, linquere, relinquere ;-Leof-an, luf-an, linquere, vivere; also permittere, concedere. Ger. Leib-en, vivere, linquere; facere ut maneat, manere, superesse, relinqui. LEAVE, v. LEAVE, n. LE'AVER. LEAVING, n. LEAVELESS. Sw. Lef-wa, vivere, linquere. So these words are explained; but without any attempt to account for usages so different:-Live, leve, leave, (see the radical meaning-to stay or remain: thusLEVE, and BELIEVE), seem to be the same word: To live, to stay, to dwell, to remain, to abide; concede, or allow (any thing) to stay, abide or to cause to dwell, or abide; to let, suffer, permit, remain; to omit, to desist, to recede, to relinquish, to resign; to quit, to retire, to forsake, to depart from. (See LEFT.) And the n.Permission, concession, sufferance. AlsoDeparture and further;-certain formalities on or previous to departure. Corineus saide, that he nolde nomen asche leue, Id. p. 46. Pees I leeue to ghou, my pees I ghyue to ghou, not as the world ghyueth I ghyue to ghou.-Wiclif. Jon, c. 14. Peace I leue with you, my peace I geae vnto you. Not as the world geueth, geue I vnto you.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Wheras he saith, Leveth the vengeaunce to me, and I shal do it. Chaucer. The Tale of Melibeus, 10 Upon the wardein besily they crie, To yeve hem leve but a litel stound, [d. Dreame. Id. Legend of Philomene. For as much as this vertue is more estemed of the affeccion of the leauer, than of the greatness of the thyng that is leaft.-Udal. Matthew, c. 19. Leave, ah! leave off, whatever wight thou bee, To let a weary wretch from her due rest, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 1. Shakespeare. Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act i. sc. 1. One easie prohibition, who enjoy Free leave so large to all things else, and choice -Hence with leave Retiring from the popular noise, I seek Id. Samson Agonistes. Oh Anthony, Forgiue me in thine owne particular, Id. Anthony & Cleopatra, Act iv. sc. 9. The Queen provides companions of her flight, Dryden. Virgil. Æneis, d. i. Francis. Horace, b. i. Sat. 6. At length I'll loath each prostituted grace, Yalden. The Force of Jealousy. Scar'd at thy frown terrific, fly Gray. Hymn to Adversity. LEAVE. See LEVY. LE'AVEN, v. Fr. Levain; It. Lievito Sp. Levadura; all from the Lat. Levare, to raise, because it raises and lifts up the mass or lump, (of dough,) and also renders it lighter. Wiclif renders fermentum, sour dow. To raise, to lighten, (sc. by the intermixture of another ingredient that may cause fermentation;) (met.) to intermix with a substance of less purity; to savour or season, stain, tinge, or imbue. He is the leucin of the breade, Whiche soureth all the paste about.-Gower. Con. A. b. iii. Duke. No more euasion: Wilt lay the leuen on all proper men; For thy great faile. Shakespeare, Cymbeline. Act iii. sc. 4. 1 Troy. Haue I not tarried? Other copies and various lections and words omitted, and Pan. I the boulting; but you must tarry the leau'ing.corruptions of texts and the like, these you are full of; but [leauening.]-Shakespeare. Troyl. & Cres. Act i. sc. 1. no footstep of any solid learning appears in all you have writ. Milton. A Defence of the People of Englund. This was a great and devout scholar, whose aid Alfred used in his disposition of lectures. For our religion, where was there a more ignorant, pro- The cruel something, unpossess'd, LE/CHER, n. Blackmor The Creation, b. vi. There in be no doubt A lecherous man or woman is a licorous man or These lectures must be read onely in the Tearme tymes : to euery lecturer, or reader, is prouided and allowed by this founder, fiftie pounds of annuall fee or stipend, and a fayre lodging within this his pallace like house. Stow. Of the Vniuersities in England, c. 30. William Rufus was buryed at Winchester in the Cathedral Church, or Monastery of Saynt Swithen, vnder a playne flatte marble stone, before the lectorne in the queere. Id. William Rufus, an. 1099. obliquely in the pulpit, and directly at the court, complainSome persons opened their mouthes against me, both ing of my too much indulgence to persons disaffected, and my too much liberty of frequent lecturings within my charge. Bp. Hall. Some Specialities in his Life. to a particular lust, or desire; (sc.) for sexual in-worthy of such an undertaking, it was to preach Mr.Boyle's tercourse. Lo Loth in hus lyue. yorowe lecherouse drinke Ye han herd that it was seid to olde men thou shalt not do leecherie.-Id. Matthew, c. 5. The youngere sone went forth in pilgrimage into a fer In the year 1704, he [Clarke] was called forth to an office, Lecture, founded by that honourable gentleman, to assert and vindicate the great fundamentals of natural and revealed religion.-Clarke. Life, by Hoadley. He [Tillotson] soon became lecturer at St. Laurence Jury, which he continued till his advancement to the see of Canterbury. Tillotson Life, by Birch. The Lectionary contained all the lessons, which were directed to be read in the course of the year. Warton. Life of Sir T. Pope, p. 337. If the teacher happens to be a man of sense, it must be an unpleasant thing to him to be conscious, while he is lecturing his students, that he is either speaking or reading nonsense, or what is very little better than nonsense. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 1. I was informed by an acquaintance, that a certain clergyman in the city was about to resign his lectureship, and that he would probably resign in my favour, if I were early enough in my application.—Knox. Essays, No. 117. LE'DEN. A. S. Lad-en, leden. Tyrwhitt adopts the opinion of Skinner, that leden is a corruption of Latin; and produces from Dante an instance of a similar usage of latino. Lye sup countree and there he wastid his goodis: in lyuinge lecher-plies many instances of the A. S. used as an They were slouthful to roote out vyce and to plante vertue, Do's letcher in my sight.-Shakespeare. Lear, Act iv. sc.6. Upon a bearded gote whose rugged heare, Was like the person selfe, whom he did beare: But all too late commeth the lectuarie Thurgh which she understood wel every thing Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,749. Thereto he was expert in prophesies, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iv. c. 11. LEDGE. lay. That upon which we lay any thing; a narrow shelf; any thing prominent or projecting, in manner of such shelf, from the main surface; a ridge, a row. Ye sydes were as it were flat borders between the ledges. Beneath a ledge of rocks his feet he hides; Falconer. Shipwreck, c. 2. to the wind; to be under the lee is to be under the wind or shelter from it; the lee-shore, on the contrary, appears to be the shore on, or opposed to, the lee-side of the ship, as she sails along; and consequently exposed to the wind. In Dutch, De loef hebben, to sail before the wind; Loeven, to ply to windward, (to luff.) Lorf, the weathergage. The Dut. and the Eng. Luff, lee, leeward, Tooke considers to be from the same root; the A. S. Luft; the air or the clouds; the wind. See LOOF, and LUFF. As sea-men tell, With fixed anchor in his skaly rind of the Carribbe Islands, therefore the rest are said to be lee- Which just like ours, how rigg'd and mann'd, By change of wind to leeward side, The pilot knew not how to guide. Swift. On the Union. Though sorely buffeted by ev'ry sea. Falconer. Shipwreck, c. 2. LEECH, v. A. S. Lace, from Lacn-ian, læcnLEECH, N. Sian, curare, mederi, sanari, to eure, to heal. The Dut. Laecke, hirudo, a horse leech, is derived by Kilian from Laecken, to lack or want; because it occasions a lack of blood, or from Lacus, because found in lakes or standing waters. It is probably the same word, (A. S. Lace,) and so applied, because the animal heals by withdrawing unwholesome blood. Seeing now that I am entred thus far into a discourse of LEER, v. A. S. Hleare, hleor, maxilla, mandibula, the cheek, the jaw; it. facies, frons, vultus, the face, the countenance, (Somner.) Hence, says Lye, our Leer, lour; lour, or lowre, from the Dut. Loeren, Ger. Lauren, retortis et limis oculis intueri, to look upon with eyes thrown back or askance, (Skinner;) but see LOUR. Lere, in Chaucer, is explained by Mr. Tyrwhitt to intend the skin. In Holland, it is applied to the general colour, complexion, or appearance. To leer may be To look with the eye or eye-lid, somewhat A loveliche lady of lere in linnen y clothid Chaucer. The Testament of Creseide, p. 295. Shakespeare. Love's Labour Lost, Act v. sc. 2. P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 7. She giues the leere of inuitation. To cure, to heal; to practise the art of healing, places there are no other thing bred or growing but brown the medicinal art. Hys lechys loked hys stat, as her rygt was to done. R. Gloucester, p. 380. And purpose you to heare his speech Well wist that lord that I was seke Id. Ib. Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2747. All other leches he forsoke, Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 5. The hors-leeches which we call in Latine sanguisugus, (bloud-suckers) are used for to draw blood. Holland. Plinie, b. xxiii. c. 10. So are leeches destructive, and by some accounted poison; because being inwardly taken they fasten upon the veins, and occasion an effusion of blood which cannot be easily stanched.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 5. Yet he [M. Cato] omitted not the leech-craft belonging also to kine and oxen.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxv. c. 2. Beldame, by that ye tell More neede of leach-craft hath yon damozell King. Art of Cookery. Leeches are good barometers when preserved in glasses, and predict bad weather by their great restlessness and change of place.-Pennant. Zoology, vol. iv. The Leech. LEEK, n. A. S. Lec, leac; Dut. Look; Ger. Lauch; Sw. Loek. A. S. "Leac. Allium porrum, a leak, a general name of a certain kind of hearbs," (Somner.) The etymology is unknown. Vor yt wolde fynde hem lek worten y now by the gere. R. Gloucester, p. 341. As lynne seed and lik seed.—Piers Plouhman, p. 211. Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 6154. Footra for leers, and learings; O the noise, Beaum. & Fletch. Monsieur Thomas, Act iv. sc. 2. While brooding storms the gath'ring ruin rein, Brooke. Constantia. Rivers, whose depth no sharp beholder sees, Dryden. Juvenal, Sat. 10 Spoil'd of its limpid vehicle, the blood Armstrong. The Art of Preserving Health, b. i LEET, n. Spelman rejects the A. S. Lath, from Lath-ian, ge-lathian, congregare, q. d. the assembly or assize, because equally applicable to any other court, which seems scarcely a sufficient reason; priority of appropriation might decide the distinction. He further suggests let, pars, parvus, or læt, censura, arbitrium. See his Gloss. in v. Leta. For whether in letes they may or not, yt he saith he douteth. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1012. M. Lambert seemeth to be of the opinion, that the leets of our time doo yeeld some shadow of the politike institution of Alfred.-Holinshed. Description of England, b. ii. c. 4. The jurisdiction of these leets is either remaining in the king, and in that case exercised by the sheriff in his turn, which is the grand leet, or granted over to subjects, but yet it is still the king's court.-Bacon. The Office of Constable. The other general business of the leet and tourn was to present by jury all crimes whatsoever that happened within their jurisdiction; and not only to present, but also to punish, all trivial misdemesnors. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 19. LEFE. See LIEF. LEFT, adj. Dut. Lufte hand, luchte hand, sinistra. The left hand is that which is leaved, leav'd, left; or which we are taught to leave out of use when one hand only is employed, (Tooke, vol. ii. p. 10.) In the rigt syd two, and in the lift syde on. Octa. Vpou the right hand I, keepe thou the left. LEG, n. Skinner,-from the Dut. Leegh, LE'GGED. humilis, infra positus, low, placed below. Junius, from A. S Under-lec-gan, supponere, suffulcire, to support or sustain; and it is probably from the A. S. Lec-gan, ponere, meaning,Any thing placed, (sc.) as a support, to stand upon. To make a leg,-a common expression, intending-to bow with the leg drawn or thrown back which Wachter derives from lieren, perdere, omit-wards. A leer drunkard, will be a loose drunkard, a disso- Love. Laugh on, sir, I'll to bed and sleep. LEES. Harrington. Orlando Furioso, b. xvi. s. 64. Fr. Lie, from the A. S. Lic-gan, to lay or ly, that which lies, (sc.) at the bottom. See the quotation from Holinshed in v. Liquid. sediment. That which lies or settles at the bottom; the Verely the lees of wine are so strong, that oftentimes it overcommeth and killeth those, who go down into the vats and vessels wherein the wine is made. Holland. Plinie, b. xxiii. c. 11. The legges bare bynethe the kne, that me mygte eche Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3268. But when they came to Jesus, and sawe that he was deade alreadye they breake not his legges.—Bible, 1551. John, c.19. But the sea keeping hir course, rose still higher and higher, and ouerflowed not onlie the king's feet, but also flashed vp vnto his legs and knees. Holinshed. History of England, b. vii. c. 13. He knew how many leggs a knight letts fall Corbet. To the Lord Mordant. How the pale primrose and blue violet spring, Dryden. The Cock and the Fos. As they design'd to mock me, at my side Cowper. Task, b. v. |