The first [antiquity] is true; all under the first is obnoxious to error; the puisne posthumous antiquity hath been a refuge for falshood, the primigenious antiquity (which proceeded from the ancient of dayes) is certaine.

Bp. Hall. The Honour of the Maried Clergie, s. 25.

If still this priviledge were ordinary left in the church, it were not a work for puisness, and novices, but for the greatest master and most learned, and eminently holy doctors, which the times can possibly yeeld. Id. Of the Evil Angels, s. 9.

A dispute was carried on between a little prattling volatile fellow and an old gentleman of a sullen, morose aspect, who in a dictatorial tone of voice was declaiming against the times, and treating them and their puisny advocate with more contempt than either one or the other seemed to deserve. Observer, No. 82.

PUL

in feates of armes.-Id. Ib. fol. 28.

The he was demauded yf ye Tacon of Tartarie were puyssaunt; ye truly, sayd he, for by his puyssance, with the puyssaunce of the sowdan, he hath subdued the emperoure of Constantyne le noble. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 40.

And that caused ye Frensshemen to auance themselfe to haue come hyder so puyssauntly as they wolde haue done, to haue dystroyed vs.-Id. Ib. c. 94.

The Lorde Phylyppe of Arthoys, ordeyned hym so puyssauntly, that nothynge was spared, and wolde go in that voyage as constable of Fraunce.-Id. Ib. c. 206.

The emperour, a prince of great wisedome and great power, hath bene driuen to extreme shiftes, and that by the pollicie of mean men who were thought to be hys frendes, and not by the puisantnes of others who were knowne to be his open enemys.-Aschum. Of the Affairs of Germany, p. 3. To prove his puissance in battell brave Upon his foe, and his new force to learne. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 1.

It is enough our puissant power to show
To the weak English, now upon their flight.

Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt.

PUKE. Pliny, (b. xiv. c. 13.) speaking of PUCE. grapes, says that the uva picina is the blackest of all; q. d. black as pitch, (picinus, from pix, picis.) And see Commentators on Shakespeare, 1 Pt. Hen. IV.

There stoode in armour fine, the worthy son of Arceus duke,

Gay needle wrought in cloke, embroyded brown in Spaniard puke.-Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. ix.

1

The women will be taken with light suspiciousnes, and oft complaine & vexe their husbandes, and anger them with peeuish puelings.

Vives. Instruction of a Christian Woman, b. ii. c. 5.

I say, "You love;" you peule me out a No.

Drayton, Idea 5. Neither let mild and tender dispositions be foolishly soften'd from their duty and perseverance with the unmasculine rhetoric of any puling priest or chaplain. Milton. The Tenure of Kings. What's the news from London, sirrah? My young mistress keeps such a puling for a lover. A Yorkshire Tragedy, Act i. sc. 1. Let the songs be loud and cheerful and not chirpings or pulings.-Bacon. Ess. of Masques & Triumphs.

I do not long to have

My sleep ta'ne from me, and go pulingly
Like a poor wench had lost her market money.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Captain, Act iii. sc. 1.
When Justice bids me on, shall I delay
Because insipid Candour bars my way?
When she, of all alike the puling friend,
Would disappoint my satire's noblest end.

Churchill. An Epistle to William Hogarth. This puling jargon is not as innocent as it is foolish. Burke. On a Regicide Peace, Let. 3. A. S. Pull-ian; Dut. Pellen, vellere,―

PULL, v. PULL, n. PU'LLING, n. PU'LLER, n.

To draw or drag; to hale or haul; to tow or tug.

He yave not of the text a pulled hen,
That saith, that hunters ben not holy men.

Chaucer. Prologue to the Canterbury Tales, v. 177.
For many a man that may not stand a pull,
Yet liketh it him at the wrestlying for to be,
And demeth yet, whether he doe bet, or he.
Id. The Assembly of Fowls.

And to Lucrece anone he lepte,
The bloudy swerde and pulleth out,
And swore the gods all aboute,
That he therof shall do vengeance.-Gower. Con. 4. b.vii.
He pulleth downe, he setteth up on hy;
He gives to this, fro that he takes away.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 2.

Now as the husbandman, whose costs and pain,
Whose hopes and helps lie buried in his grain,
Waiting a happy Spring to ripen full

His long'd-for harvest, to the reapers pull;
Stand we expecting.

1

Such was her fate, but not her fault,

That stoode for Marie's throne: Nor cite I this a noueltie,

Like pul-backs many an one.

Warner. Albion's England, b. x. c 60

He calls upon them to mortify their fleshly lusts, as being things which would pull down the wrath of God upon them. Dr. Whitby. On the Five Points, Dissert. 1. c. 3. s. 3. He would make the rigours of the Sabbath give way to the pulling of an ox or a sheep out of the ditch. South, vol. ix. Ser. 5.

I appeal to the mind of every particular person that hears me whether he has not often found a struggle within himself, and a kind of pullback from the sin that he has been about to engage in.-Id. vol. vii. Ser. 11.

A fit of common sickness pulls thee down
With greater ease than e'er thou didst the stripling
That rashly dar'd thee to th' unequal fight.

Blair. The Grave.

And there was sent out of the towne to the lordes iiii somers, laded with good wyne, and as moche brede, polayne grete plenty.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 51.

Chat. Who it was? A false theefe,

That came like a false foxe, my pullain to kill and mis-
cheefe.
Gammer Gurton's Needle, Act v. sc. 2.

When Lolio feasteth in his revelling fit,
Some starved pullen scoures the rusted spit.

PULLET. PULLEY. Į

See POULT.

Bp. Hall, b. iv. Sat. 2.

Fr. Poulie, from the verb to PULLEYED. pull, (Skinner.) And see Menage, and Minshew.

A pulley,-wherein a cord runneth to draw any thing, because it pulleth up continually.

Ther may no man out of the place it drive
For non engine, of windas, or polive.

Chaucer. The Squieres Tale, v. 10,498.

Theis being let down into the riuer wyth pulleyes, he made to be beaten fast in wyth commaunders not plōme vpright like a post, but shorying lyke the side of a roof of a house, so as they might leane with the ronning of the stream. Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 95.

For the horses he had, them he made to be girt before, one after another, and then did softly trise them up with long pulleys fastened to the beams, their hindmost part standing on the ground, and their foremost being aloft. North. Plutarch, p. 504.

Being pulley'd up, with the open air it receives a crusty kind of hardness, and so becomes perfect free-stone; and before it is sent up from the pit, they can reduce it to any form.-Howell, b. i. s. 1. Let. 16.

Our crowded pantomimes are proofs of that.
What eager transport stares from every eye,
When pullies rattle, and our genii fly!

Whitehead. Prologue to the School for Lovers.
Their heavy sides th' inflated bellows heave,
Tugged by the pulley'd line, and, with their blast
Continuous, the sleeping embers rouse,
And kindle into life.

PULLULA'TION.

Jago. Edge-Hill, b. iii.

PU'LLULATE, v. Į Fr. Pulluler; It. and Lat. Pullulare; pullos, seu stolones emittere; to send forth young shoots. See POULT.

To bud or bourgeon; to germinate; to shoot, or spring, or sprout.

These were the generations or pullulations of the heavenly and earthly nature, of the divine and animal life in man, when God created them.

More. The Moral Cabbala, pt. iv. c. 2.

All these, and many more that I am not at leisure to reckon up, be but the genuine pullulations of the animal life, and in themselves they have neither good nor hurt in them.-Id. Defence of the Moral Cabbala, c. 2.

Instead of repairing the mistake, and restoring religious liberty, which would have stifled this pullulating evil in the Beaum. & Fletch. Four Playes in One, Epil. seed, by affording it no further nourishment, they took the other course.-Warburton. Divine Legation, b. ii. s. 6.

Mar. Peace! impudent and shamelesse Warwicke, Proud setter vp, and puller downe of kings.

Shakespeare. 3 Pt. Hen. VI. Act iii. sc. 3.

To give it [Ostracismon] an honest cloak, they said it was onely a pulling down and tying short of too much greatness and authority, exceeding far the matter and countenance of a popular state.-North. Plutarch, p. 276.

PULMONARY. PULMO'NICK, adj. PULMO'NICK, N.

Fr. Poulmon; It. Polmone; Sp. Pulmon; Lat. Pulmo, the lungs; by ansposition of the letter from wλeuur, Att. for πνεύμων, from Tve ew, to breathe.

Of or pertaining to the lungs.

In such a season, weak and tender people, and those that are subject to nervous or pulmonick distempers, ought either to go into the country, or to be at home soon after sunset. Cheyne. On Health, c. 1. s. 5. Pulmonicks are subject to consumptions, and the old to asthmas.-Arbuthnot.

Compressive round the incumbent ether lies,
And strict its elemental fold applies,
Whence either pulmonary lobe expires,
And all the interior subtle breath retires.

Brooke. Universal Beauty, b. iv.

PULP. Fr. Pulpe; It. Pòlpa; Sp. and PULPOUS. Lat. Pulpa. Vossius prefers,-a PU'LPY. palpitatione; quia caro sine ossibus (id enim est pulpa) mollis sit, ac tremula; because the flesh without the bones (for that is the pulp) is soft and tremulous. (See To PALPITATE.) In Fr. it is

"The brawn, or solid and musculy flesh of the body; also the pith of plants, &c." (Cotgrave.) Also the soft portion of fruit, &c.

For this loose pulp that is thus wrapt up within our cranium is but a spongy and porous body, and pervious not only to the animal spirit, but also to more grosse juice and liquor.-More. Ant. against Atheism, pt. i. b. i. c. 11.

By dissection you discover this worker of miracles to be nothing but a poor silly contemptible knob or protuberancy, consisting of a thin membrane containing a little pulpous matter, much of the same nature with the rest of the brain. Id. Ib.

In beans the leaf and root sprout from the germen, the main sides split, and lie by; and in some pull'd up near the time of blooming, we have found the pulpous sides intire or little wasted.-Browne. Urn Burial, c. 3.

In lupins these pulpy sides do sometimes arise with the stalk in a resemblance of two fat leaves.-Id. Ib.

Id. Ib.

Let every tree in every garden own The red streak as supreme, whose pulpous fruit With gold irradiate, and vermilion shines Tempting. PULPIT. Fr. Poulpitre; It. and Sp. PulPULPITE'ER. Spito; Lat. Pulpitum, - a raised place, (sc. for speaking, reading, &c. ;) which Martinius derives from woλpos, or BoxBos, quia tumeat instar bulbi; because it swells or rises like a bulb. See Martinius, and Vossius in v. Pulvinar.

A stage, or raised or elevated place or platform; a high or raised desk (for reading, preaching, &c.)

Other scrupulouse fathers and scolding scole doctours, cryed wt wyde throtes both in chaires & in pulpetes Chastite, chastite.-Bale. Apologie, fol. 13. Pref.

Whereupon Metellus, one of the Tribunes, going up into the pulpit, made an oration unto the people.

North. Plutarch, p. 154.

To give those doctrine and use-men, those pulpit-engineers, their due, they understood how to plant their batteries, and to make their attacks perfectly well.-Id. Ib.

What ails this pragmatical pulpiteer, thus to talk of government and obedience?-Id. vol. vi. Ser. 2.

I say the pulpit (in the sober use

Of its legitimate, peculiar pow'rs)
Must stand acknowledg'd, while the world shall stand,
The most important and effectual guard,
Support, and ornament of virtue's cause.

PULSE, n. PULSE, v. PULSA'TION. PULSATORY.

PULSIFICK.

PULSION.

Couper. Task, b. ii. Fr. Pouls, poulser; It. Pòlso, pulsare; Sp. Pulso, pulsar; Lat. Pulsus, from pulsum, past part. of pellere, to drive; Gr.Пeλ-e; Lat. Pulsatio, from pulsare, to drive.

When Falconbridge (with gentle feeling) tries How strong the pulse of their affection beats. Daniel. Civil Wars, b. viil. The physicians hold, that in every well-disposed body there be above 4000 pulsations every hour, and some pulses have been known to beat above 30,000 times an hour in acute fevers.-Howell, b. i. s. 1. Let. 37.

But these external evils do not so much trouble us as an inward pungent and pulsatory ach within the skull, somewhat lower than the place of his hurt. Reliquia Wottonianæ, p. 418.

To make [the muscular constriction of the heart] nothing but a pulsifick corporeal quality in the substance of the heart itself, is very unphilosophical and absurd. Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 161.

The operation of nature is different from mechanism, it doing not its work by trusion or pulsion, by knockings or thrustings, as if it were without that which it wrought upon.-Id. Ib. p. 156.

I have found by trials purposely made, that the examples of suction are not the only noted ones of attraction that may be reduced to pulsion.-Boyle. Works, vol. iv. p. 129.

When the ear receives any simple sound, it is struck by a single pulse of the air, which makes the ear-drum and the other membranous parts vibrate according to the nature and species of the stroke.

Burke. On the Sublime and Beautiful, pt. iv. § 11.

With smiles, and adulation bland,
They join'd her side, and seiz'd her hand:
Their touch envenom'd sweets instill'd,
Her frame with new pulsations thrill'd.

Brooke. Fable. The Female Seducers.

And therefore upon a similar principle the Cornelian law De Injuriis prohibited pulsation as well as verberation; distinguishing verberation, which was accompanied with pain, from pulsation, which was attended with none. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 8.

PULSE. Skinner thinks from the verb to

L. Wish. Have you pulvill'd the coachman and postilion, that they may not stink of the stable when Sir Rowland comes by?-Congreve. The Way of the World, Act iv.

The patch, the powder-box, pulville, perfumes,
Pins, paint, a flattering glass, and black-lead combs.
Gay. The Fan, b. i.
This the swain,
By ceaseless tillage, or the use of dung,
Must or ferment, or pulverize, to fit
For due reception of the fibrous roots.

PUMICE.

Dodsley. Agriculture, c. 2. Fr. Pierre pumice; It. Pòmice; Sp. Piedra pumice; Lat. Pumer; nihil aliud est, quam spuma et fex quædam lapidum liquefactorum, ut scoria metallorum; from Gr. IĪTU-ELY, spuere, (Vossius.)

Like as a swarm of bees that in an hollow pumice pend.
Phaer. Virgill. Eneidos, b. xii.

The pumice stones I hastly hent,
And threw; but nought avayled.

Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. March. And in a word, to oppress, beggar, and squeeze them as dry as a pumice, and then trample upon them because they can get no more out of them.-South, vol. iii. Ser. 8.

This mountain, and indeed the whole island, is evidently of volcanic origin, and formed of lava, tufo, and pumice stone.-Eustace. Italy, vol. iii. c. 1. See POMMEL.

PUMMEL. PUMP, v. PUMP, n. PU'MPER. PU'MPING, n.

Fr. Pompe, pomper;_ Dut. Pompen, pompe; Ger. Pompe; Sw. Pumpa. Menage derives from the Gr. Пeμ-ev, to send forth. And Wachter prefers this to Skinner's a sono assurgentis aquæ fictum, which Ihre proposes with the alternative, aut unde nescio. Tooke calls it "an engine by which water or any other fluid is obtained or procured; and past part. of the verb to pump, to procure or obtain." To pump,

To use or work with such engine; to throw out, emit, or eject; to draw out, to extract; to obtain or procure from.

For notwithstanding their pumping with 3 pumps, heauing out water with buckets, and all the best shifts they could make. the shippe was halfe full of water ere the leake could be found and stopt.-Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 421.

When I that yet in God could not dispaire,
Still plide the pumpe, and patiently did let
Al. such take boate as thither made repair.

Gascoigne. Voyage, (1572.)

If all the world

Should in a pet of temperance feed on pulse,
Drink the clear stream, and nothing wear but freeze,
Th' All-giver would be unthank'd, would be unprais'd:
Not half his riches known, and yet despis'd.

PULTICE. See POULTICE.
PULVERIZE, v.
PULVERABLE.
PULVIL, n.
PU'LVIL, v.

mology.

Millon. Comus.

Fr. Pulvérizer; It. Pòlvere, polverizzàre; Sp. Pulverizar; Lat. Pulvis, dust. Of unsettled ety

To reduce to dust or to a dry powder. Pulcil is applied to a sweet-scented or perfumed powder.

Sometimes the bodies mingled by the fire are differing enough as to fixidity and volatility, and yet are so combined by the first operation of the fire that itself does scarce afterwards separate, but only pulverize them.

Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 489.

An inquisitive man, who is a schollar as well as a traveller, assured me, that whilst he was in some part of the Indies, he furnished himself with some liquid substances Europe, and not before, turned into consistent and pulverafforded by wounded plants, that as soon as he came near able bodies.-Id. Ib. vol. i. p. 636.

Hudibras, pt. i. c. 2. The flame lasted about two minutes from the time the Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 26 And oh! (he cry'd) what street, what lane, but knows Our purgings, pumpings, blanketings, and blows! Pope. The Dunciad, b. ii Mariners, the most superstitious of mortals, in the dis tresses of a storm, while they pour out their vows to their saviour Gods, at the same time fall lustily to their tackle, and pump without intermission.

Warburton. Divine Legation, b. iii. s. 6.

PUMP. A shoe of one sole, (says Skinner,) and so called, perhaps, because used in tripudiis pompaticis, which we call masks and balls; or (Doct. Th. H.) from the sound they make in dancing; or, it may be added, from the spring of the sole re sembling the elasticity of the sucker of the pump.

2 Mad. Gaffer shoemaker, you pulled on my wife's pumps and then crept into her pantofles.

Dekkar. The Honest Whore, sc. 12

caried in his bosome continually betweene his gowne and And the right foote pumpe, which he had drawn off, he inward clothes; yea, and many times would kisse the same. Holland. Suetonius, p. 231.

PUMPION. See POMPION. PUN, v. A. S. Pun-ian, to pound or bruise. See To POUND.

The roots must be first sliced and dried in the sunne, or

by the fire, and then being punned into floure, will make good bread.—Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. iii. p. 2 272.

Ther. He would pun thee into shiuers with his fist, as a sailor breakes a bisket.-Shakes. Troyl. & Cres. Act ii. sc. 1.

There is another composition also for this purpose; to wit, calves' sewet and deer's marrow mixed togither, with the leaves of the white Saint Mary thistle, punned all together and reduced into a liniment. Holland. Plinie, b. xxviii. c. 12. The gall of these lizards or stellions punned and dissolved in water, is said to have an attractive facultie to draw all the weasels about the place to resort thither in companies. Id. Ib. b. xxix. c. 4. This word is not to be found in our older lexicographers. Serenius goes to the Islandic Funalagh, frivolous, in a sense transferred from fune, ashes. Mr. Todd is very much inclined to make fun of it.

PUN, v. PUN, n. PU'NNING, n. PU'NSTER.

Fr. Pointe, diseur de pointes, a punster. Addison might have described a pun to be,

And

A conceit or witticism, the point of which arises from the use, &c. See the first quotation from the Spectator.

Insipid jesters, and unpleasant fools,
A corporation of dull punning drolls.

Dryden. The Art of Poetry.

Having pursued the history of a punn, from its original to its downfal, I shall here define it to be a conceit arising from the use of two words that agree in the sound, but differ in the sense.-Spectator, No. 61.

All humour had something of the quibble. The very language of the court was punning.

Shaftesbury. Freedom of Wit & Humour, pt. i. s. 2. Several worthy gentlemen and criticks have applied to me to give my censure of an enormity which has reviv'd, (after being long oppress'd,) and is call'd punning.-Tatler, No.32.

If you ask him to help you to some bread, a punster should think himself very "ill-bred" if he did not; and if he is not as "well-bred" as yourself, he hopes for some "grains" of allowance.-Spectator, No. 504.

A better pun on this word was made on the Beggar's Opera, which, it was said, made Gay rich, and Rich gay.

Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. v. Engravers. A man who has an ambition to become a punster, seldom or never fails in the attainment of his object; that is, he seldom or never fails in acquiring a power which other men have not, of summoning up, on a particular occasion, a number of words different from each other in meaning, and resembling each other, more or less, in sound.

Stewart. The Human Mind, pt. i. c. 5. 8. 3.

PUNCH, v. PUNCH, n.

PUNCHER.

PUNCHEON.

Fr. Poinçonner; It. Punzonure; Sp. Punzar; Lat. Pungere, to pierce; A. S. Pyngan.

Punch, n. any thing pointed, a pointed tool or instrument. To punch, v.To strike with any thing pointed; to pierce or penetrate, bore or perforate with a punch or puncheon.

Puncheon, the vessel, Fr. Poinçon, perhaps so called from the pointed form of the staves; the vessel bellying out in the middle, and tapering towards each end: and hence punch (i.e. the large belly) became applied, as Pepys records, to any thing thick and short.

This was the same sweord that entreth through, euen to the diuiding of the soule and the spirite, whose edge hath punched and striken the Jewes heartes.

Udal. Actes of the Apostles, c. 2. Their parlous pykes in hand, and puncheons close in staues they beare,

And pykes lyke broaches long, and fight with foyne of pointed speare. Phaer, Virgill. Æneidos, b. vii. That other signet of gold, wt my puncheon of ivory and silver, I geue and bequeath unto Robert my secunde sone. Fabyan, vol. i. Pref. P. vii.

With a goade he puncht each furious dame, And made them every one cast downe their greene and leavie speares. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. vi.

He did teach his souldiers to carry long javelins or punchion-staves, wherewith they might wound their enemies lifting up their swords to strike them. North. Plutarch, p. 130.

Here I did make the workmen drink, and saw my coach cleaned and oyled; and staying among poor people there in the alley, did hear them call their fat child punch, which pleased me mightily, that word being become a word of commou use for all that is thick and short.

Pepys. Diary, 30th April, 1669.

Docquett. 11 Junii, 1628. A warrant unto Abraham Vanderdort for his lyfe of the office of keeper of his majesties cabynett roome, with a pension of £40 per annum, and of provider of patternes for the punches and stampes for his majesties coyne in the mynt, &c.

Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. ii. c. 2.

Butler. Satire on our Imitation of the French.

I desire you would lay this before all the world, that I may not be made such a tool for the future, and that Punchinello may chuse hours less canonical.—Spectator, No. 14.

This Sir Samuel built a large room in his garden at Vaux-hall, which was much admired at that time; on the top was a Punchinello holding a dial.

Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iii. c. 2. PUNESE. Fr. Punaise; the noisome and stinking worm or vermin, called a puny, or the bed-puny, (Cotgrave.)

As for the choice and punctuality of the time, whereto this public mourning must be limited, where should it rest, but in the hand of sovereignty; whose wisdom is to be presupposed such, as to pitch upon the meetest seasons for this practice?-Hall. Ser. Eccl. iii. 4.

But to come punctually to our purpose.

Prynne. Histrio-Mastiz, pt. i. Act v. sc. 6. That which is unrighteous is as hateful to him as colocynths to the taste, or the sharpest punctures to the pupil of the eye.-Bp. Taylor, vol. iii. Ser. 2.

Wherein [water in glasses] a watchfull eye may also discover the puncticular originals of periwincles and gnats. Brown. Urne Burial, c. 3.

Or scatters o'er the blooms the pungent dust Of pepper, fatal to the frosty tribe. Thomson. Spring. Far therefore am I from desiring you to be nice and scrupulous about the punctilios of the Lord's day service.

Sharp, vol. i. Ser. 9. It [the law] may be taken as a covenant conveying life, upon absolute, entire, indefective obedience, and awarding death to those who fail in the least iota or punctilio.

South, vol. vii. Ser. 5. But be it (the punctilious laws of epic poesy so requiring) that a hero of more than mortal birth must needs be had; even for this we have a remedy.

Pope. The Dunciad. Aristarchus of the Hero.

So much on punctual niceties they stand,
That, when their kings dispatch some high command,
All, word for word, th' embassadors rehearse
In the same tenour of unvaried verse.

PUNGENT. PU'NGENCE. PU'NGENCY. PU'NGITIVE. PU'NCTION. PU'NCTO.

PUNCTILIO.

PU'N

gente, pungitivo, punzione,
puntuale, puntura, punteggia-
tùra; Sp. Punto, puntilio,
puntuacion, puntual; Lat.
Pungens, pres. part. of pun-
gere; punctum, punctio, punc-
tura; A. S. Pyng-an, to
punge or prick. The old
verb, to punge, is preserved
in the MS. version of the
New Testament possessed
y Tooke.

PUNCTILIOUS.
PUNCTILIOUSLY.
UAL.
PUNCTUALIST.
PUNCTUALITY.
PUNCTUALLY.
PUNCTUALNESS.
PUNCTUATE, v. Pungent, pricking, pier-
PUNCTUATION. cing, penetrating, sharp,
PUNCTULATE. acute, biting, stinging.
PUNCTURE, n.
Puncto, that which
PUNCTURE, V. pricks; the point, the exact
PUNCTICULAR. point.

that can or may be pointed or marked by a point or points; pertaining or relating to, consisting of, observing, or regarding a point; an exact point; exact, accurate; scrupulous.

Punctuate,- -a verb in common use,-to mark or divide by points; (sc.) the different portions of a sentence. See the quotation from Lowth. Puncture,-see the quotation from Wiseman. Right pungitive with wordes odious.

Chaucer. The Testament of Creseide. But I thynke this was no dreame, but a puncion and pricke of hys synfull conscyence.-Hall. Rich. III. an. 3. But secondly, to return what is still more pungent.

More. The Immortality of the Soul, b. i. pt. iii. c. 11. When he begs of thee for mercy, his passion is greater, his necessities more pungent, his apprehensions more brisk and sensitive.-Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 4.

It is the worst of evils, when men are so in love with sin, that they are not only delighted with them, but pleased also; not only feel the relish with too quick a sense, but also feel none of the objections, nothing of the pungency, the sting, or the lessening circumstances.-Id. Ser. 19.

Which action in it selfe so worthie, King Ferdinando had expressed and displayed in his letters at large, with all the particularities and religious punctoes and ceremonies, that were obserued in the reception of that citie and kingdome. Bacon. K. Hen. VII. p. 105.

That the stile and subject matter of most comicall and theatrical enterludes is amorous and obscene, is as euident as the morning sunne: first, by the expresse and punctuall testimonie of sundry fathers.

Prynne. Histrio Mastix, Act iii. sc. 1. Many other moderne writers: all giue punctuall, vnanimous, and vncontrouleable testimonie.-Id. Ib. Act ii.

Pitt. Vida. Art of Poetry, b. ii. He manifests himself to be a God of truth and faithful

Dr. Whitby. On the Five Points, Dis. 1. c. 4. s. 4. Though I can obey the orders that have the impresses of wisdom, as well as the stamp of authority, with more hope and alacrity, yet I can obey those, wherein I think power is unguided by prudence, with no less punctualness and fidelity.-Boyle. Works, vol. ii. p. 413.

With that he drew a lancet in his rage,
To puncture the still supplicating sage.

Garth. The Dispensary, c. 6. When prick'd by a sharp-pointed weapon, which kind of wound is call'd a puncture, they are much to be regarded. Wiseman. Surgery, b. v. c. 3. The studds have their surface punctulated, as if set all over with other studds infinitely lesser. Woodward. On Fossils. Among simple tastes, such as sweet, sour, bitter, hot, pungent, there are some which are intrinsically grateful. Stewart. Philos. Essays, Ess. 1. c. 5.

Around the whole rise cloudy wreaths, and far
Bear the warm pungence of o'er-boiling tar.

Crabbe. Borough, Let. i. They follow precedents and examples with the punctilious exactnessy of a pleader.-Burke. On the French Revolution. The Iliad of Salvini every reader may discover to be punctiliously exact; but it seems to be the work of a linguist skilfully pedantic; and his countrymen, the proper judges of its power to please, reject it with disgust. Johnson. Life of Pope.

Should God again,

PUNISH, v. PUNISHABLE. PUNISHER. PUNISHMENT. PUNITION. PUNITIVE.

Brooke. Jerusalem Delivered, b. ii. Fr. Punir; It. Punire; Sp. Punir; Lat. Punire; A. Š. Pin-an; to cause, or to give pain to.

To pain or cause pain to, to afflict with pain; to impose,

And thei manassiden and lefte hem, and founden not hou thel schulden ponysche hem for the peple.

Wiclif. Dedis, c. 4. So threatned they them and let them go, & foude nothynge how to punishe them, because of the people.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Wherefore emong the Jewes onlye periurie is punyshable. Udal. Matthew, c. 5. As who wold say, he [Phillip] was the punisher of sacriledge, he was the reuenger of religion, & he only was worthy to compell offenders to make satisfaction. Goldyng. Justine, fol. 42. Hitherto pertaineth the precept of clemencye and mercy for kinges, which is to do well to the good men, decerning the good and lerned from the euil & vnlearned, & to moderate the punisshements of the tractable and curable, and to suppress the obstinate vncurable.

Joye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 1. But for all yt ordinaūce, ye whiche was well knowen and sprede abrode, and vpon payne of great punissyon, yet the men of warre oftētymes sore trauelled ye coutreis as they passed through.-Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. ii. c. 39.

The charter sayd, that whosoeuer breketh by any maner of codicion any poynte or artycle conteyned in that treatie, shulde be taken and reputed as traytours, and to rynne in a mortal punysyon.—Id. Ib. c. 158.

Yet repentance is a duty full of fears, and sorrow, and labour; a vexation to the spirit; an afflictive, penal, or punitive duty.—Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 6.

God had purpos'd to punish our instrumental punishers, though now Christians, by other heathen, according to his divine retaliation; invasion for invasion, spoil for spoil, destruction for destruction.-Millon. Hist. of Britain, b. v. Their general rule was, that because the lesser sins came in by a daily incursion, therefore they were to be cut off by a daily repentance: which because it was daily, could not be so intense and signally punitive as the sharper repentances for the seldome returning sins.

Bp. Taylor. On Repentance, c. 3. § 6. But since to punish is properly an act of a superior to an inferior, and two kingdoms or nations seem to be equal, and neither to have any superiority or jurisdiction over the other, it may be doubted, how the one's making war upon the other, can be properly an act of punitive justice.

South, vol. x. Ser. 6. The having conferred many to righteousness, shall as the Scripture foretels, confer a star-like and immortal brightness; since (which is chiefly considerable) the knowledge of particular actions, and, consequently, persons, seems requisite to the attainment of that great end of God, in the day of judgment, the manifestation of his punitive and remunerative justice.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 288.

I am very apt to think, that great severity of punishment does but very little good; nay, great harm in education: and I believe it will be found that, cæteris paribus, those children who have been most chastised, seldom make the best men.-Locke. Of Education, s. 43.

It is clear, that the right of punishing crimes against the law of nature, as murder and the like, is in a state of mere nature vested in every individual.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 1.

I proceed, in the next place, to consider the general nature of punishments: which are evils or inconveniences consequent upon crimes and misdemesnors; being devised, denounced, and inflicted by human laws, in consequence of disobedience or misbehaviour in those, to regulate whose conduct such laws were respectively made.-Id. Ib.

God often causes one provision to answer several purposes, and so may make moral evil, as well as natural, at the same time both prudential and punitory: but it is not apparent from experience that he always does so.

Search. Light of Nature, vol. ii. pt. iii. c. 29. PUNK, n. The regular past part. of PU'NKLING, n. pyngan, pungere; and means (subaud. a female) pung or punc; i. e. puncta. Or why there rests Such worship due to kicking of a punck! B. Jonson. To Sir Ed. Sackvile. Now lean atturney, that his cheese Ne'er par'd, nor verses took for fees; And aged proctor, that coutroules The feats of punck in court of Paul's.

Davenant. The Long Vacation in London. And then earn'd your royal a day by squiring puncks and puncklings up and down the city?"

Beaum. & Fletch. The Martial Maid, Act ii. sc. 1. And made them fight, like mad or drunk For dame Religion, as for punk.-Hudibras, pt. i. c. 1.

PUNT, v. Perhaps from punto, a point.

player was called the punter.

Wretch that I was! how often have I swore,
When Winnall tally'd, I would punt no more.

The

Or [if any shall usurp] a motherhood to the rest, otherwise than in a priority and aid of conversation, and make them but daughters and punies to her: she shall be guilty of a high arrogance and presumption against Christ and his dear spouse, the church.-Bp. Hall. Resolutions for Religion. Nor is the puny poet void of care, For authors, such as our new authors are, Have not much learning nor much wit to spare. Dryden, Prol. 41. What is that which the man, whom thou so adorest, can do for thee? Why, he may, perhaps, gratify thee with some puny gain or preferment.-South, vol. viii. Ser. 9.

His clumps were puny, he [Kent] aimed at immediate effect, and planted not for futurity.-Walpole. On Gardening. Nations would do well,

To extort their truncheons from the puny hands Of heroes, whose infirm and baby minds Are gratified with mischief. Cowper. Task, b. v. PUPIL. Fr. Pupil; It. Pupillo; Sp. PuPU'PILAGE.pilo; Lat. Pupilus; a pupus, hoc est, puer, (Vossius.) See Boy. Applied toA young person under ward or tutorship; also, to the organ of vision. See the quotation from Boyle.

She had neither wit nor stomacke, which would permit and suffre her husband, beying of perfect age and mās estate, like a yong scholer or innocent pupille, to be gouerned by the disposicion of another man. Hall. Hen. VI. an. 25. Long lackt, alas, Hath bene thy faithfull aide in hard assay ! Whiles deadly fitt thy pupill doth dismay. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 8. For you may see, by looking in a glasse, that, when you shut one eye, the pupil of the other eye that is open, dilateth. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 868. Most noble lord, the pillor of my life, And patrone of my muse's pupillage; Through whose large bountie, poured on me rife In the first season of my feeble age,

I now doe live bound yours by vassalage. Spenser. To the Lord Grey of Willon. For this duke [as protector] many years Had rul'd the land, during the king's young age; And now the self-same charge and title bears, As if he still were in his pupilage.-Daniel. Civil Wars,b.v. I consider then what is called the pupil or apple of the eye, is not (as it is known) a substantial part of the organ, but only a round hole or window made in the uvea, at which the modified beams of light enter to fall upon the chrystalline humour, and thence be refracted to the bottom of the eye, or seat of vision, to make there an impression, that is usually a kind of picture (for it is not always a neat one) of the object.-Boyle. Works, vol. v. p. 232.

For such is all the mental food purvey'd
By public hacknies in the schooling trade;
Who feed a pupil's intellect with store
Of syntax, truly, but with little more.

Cowper. Tirocinium. Although I cannot altogether forget what I learned in my years of pupillage, I have been long accustomed to think for myself on every subject that has come before me.

PUPPET, or PO'PPET. PUPPETRY.

PO'PPETISH.

Geddes. Trans. of Bible, Pref. Fr. Poupée; a baby, a puppet or bable; from Lat. Pupus. See PUPIL.

Any thing like a child or baby; childish or babyish; made in the image of, dressed up like, a child; fondled like a child; a doll; a child-like image.

This were a popet in an arme to enbrace
For any woman, smal and faire of face.

Chaucer. Prologue to Sire Thopas, v. 13,631. Folowynge his waies therefor, they haue alwayes for lucre's sake gloryouslye garnished their holye mother, the madaine of myschiefe, and proude synagoge of sathan, wyth golde, &c. bablynges, brawlynges, processyons, popettes, and soche other madde mastryes.-Bule Image, pt. i. Pref.

Ne lesse also doth he that setteth menne to open penaunce at Paules Crosse, for holye water makyng, for procession and sensinge wyth other popetishe gaudes, constrayninge the to promise the aduaŭcement of the old faith of holy church by such fantasticall fopperyes.-Id. Ib. pt. ii.

How outragiously are their preistes and chirches orned and gorgiously garnisshed in their popetry passe tymes and apes playe.-Jaye. Exposicion of Daniel, c. 7.

Ouer the master's head there is alwayes an image like a puppet, made of felte, which they call the master's brother. Hackluyt. Voyages, vol. i. p. 96. Though all men him uncased gan deride, Like as a puppit placed in a play, Whose part once past all men bid take away. Spenser. Mother Hubber's Tale. But as one of the three chapmen was imploied in his traffike abroad, so the prettie poplet his wife began to be a fresh occupieng giglot at home. Holished. Description of Ireland, c. 3. 1537

St. Paul's would afford a new theatre for statuaries to exert their genius; and the Abbey would still preserve its general customers, by new recruits of waxen puppets. Walpole. Anecdotes of Painting, vol. iii. c. 2.

PUPPY, v. A whelp not yet weaned from PUPPY, n. its mother's milk. It. Puppare, PUP. (poppare,) lactare. Puppa (poppa) mamma, (Junius.) Dut. Puppe; Ger. Puppe; Fr. Poupée, from Lat. Pupus, an infant, ( Skinner.) See PUPIL.

The young of certain quadrupeds; applied to men in contempt, who manifest the qualities of puppies.

[Take away from her] the skin which commeth away after she hath puppied.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxx. c. 14.

sav'd from drowning, when three or foure of his blinde Lau. One that I brought up from a puppy; one that I

brothers and sisters went to it.

Shakespeare. Two Gentlemen of Verona, Act iv. sc. 4.
And though 'tis late if justice could be found,
Thy plays, like blind-born puppies, should be drown'd.
Dorset. To Mr. Edw. Howard.

The unbred puppy, who had never seen
A creature look so gay, or talk so fine,
Believes, then falls in love, and then in debt.
Rochester. From Artemisa to Chloe.
See POREblind.

PU'RBLIND. PURCHASE, v. PURCHASE, n. PURCHASABle.

PURCHASER.

Fr. Pour-chasser; It. Pro-cacciare, to chase, to pursue, to hunt; and, consequentially, to catch, to take, to obtain. In our old writers, to take, (as thieves or robbers,) to steal, to rob; now, usually

PURCHASING, N.

To obtain, to procure, to acquire; to get by payment of an equivalent, to buy.

See the quotation from Blackstone.
Cadwal nuste tho other rede, bote myd al ys mayne
Wende to porchacy hym help to the lasse Brutayne.
R. Gloucester, p. 243.

Of hys purchas so large he was to men that he fonde,
That he hadde a gret ost in a lutel stonde.
The yles he robbede in the see, and the hauenes seththe

a boute.

So that men of purchas come to hymn so gret route,
That ther nas prince vn nethe that hym mygte at route.
Id. p. 78.
Roberd, thorgh our assent. the heritage to the lies,
And thou, William, salle hent the purchace at our avis.
R. Brunne, p. 87.

But ye ben a chosin kyn, a kyngli presthood, hooly folk, a peple of purchasing [populus acquisitionis] that ye telle the vertues of him that clepide you fro darknessis into his

woundirful ligt.-Wiclif. 1 Petir, c. 2.

All was fee simple to him in effect,
His pourchasing might not ben in suspect.

Chaucer. Prol. v. 321. His pourchas was wel better than his rent.-Id. Ib. v. 258. And thus Scarsnes in euery place

By reson maie no thonke purchase.-Gower. Con. A. b. v. If thys hathe bene the pollecye of conquerors, thappetite of purchasers, and the study of gouernors, why doethe your grace desyre Fraunce before Scotlande, or couet a country farre from your sighte before a realme vnder your nose? Hall. Hen, V. an, 1.

They will steale any thing, and call it purchase.
Shakespeare. Hen. V. Act iii. sc. 7,
Perdy, Sir Knight, saide then th' enchaunter blive,
That shall I shortly purchase to your hond.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b, ij. c. 3.
Who now but Arcite mourns his bitter fate,
Finds his dear purchase, and repents too late?

Dryden. Palamon & Arcite.

For on his backe a heavy load he bare
Of nightly stealth and pillage severall,
Which he had got abroad by purchas criminall.

Id. Ib. b.i. c. 3. What we lay out in this way will prove valuable treasure. will reward all the pains and all the expence we are at for the purchasing of it.-Sharp, vol. i. Ser. 6.

For money being the counter-balance to all things pur. chasable by it, it looks like a natural consequence, that ar much as you take off from the value of money, so much you add to the price of other things, which are exchang'd for it. Locke. Of the Lowering of Interest.

'9 K

what

A politician, to do great things, looks for a power, our workmen call a purchase; and if he finds that power in politicks as in mechanicks he cannot be at a loss to apply it. Burke. On the French Revolution.

King William, Queen Mary, and Queen Anne, did not take the crown by hereditary right or descent, but by way of donation or purchase, as the lawyers call it; by which they mean any method of acquiring an estate otherwise than by descent.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 3.

The first purchaser, perquisitor, is he who first acquired the estate to his family, whether the same was transferred to him by sale or by gift, or by any other method, except only that of descent.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 14.

PURE, adj. PURE, v. PU'RELY.

PU'RENESS.

PU'RIST.

PURIFY, V.

PURIFICATION. PU'RIFIER.

PU'RIFYING, n. PURITAN. PURITA'NICAL. PURITA'NICALLY.

Fr. Pur, purifier; It Puro, purificare; Sp. Puro, purificar; Lat. Purus, purificare; i. e. purum facere; purus, from up, fire, cleansed

PURE.) ConsequentiallyCleansed or clean, cleared or clear; freed or free from dross, filth, or other intermixture; and, thus, whole, entire, and, (as in Chaucer,) meer, very; the pure fetters, the very fetters. See Mr. Tyrwhitt's note. Met.-clean, clear; free from evil, from vice; incorrupt, unpolluted, unspotted, unstained; innocent, guileless, or guiltless.

PURITANISM.

PU'RITANIZE. PU'RITY.

Alas, these precise puritanicall angels, saints, and shepheards (as some I feare account them) knew no such pompous pagan Christmas courtships or solemnities.

Prynne. Histrio-Mastix, pt. i. Act viii. sc. 6. Licentious Christians, who make their will and lusts their law, may deeme it puritanisme, or brand it for ouerstrict precisenesse, in this dissolute and vnruly age. Id. Ib Act i. sc. 2.

M. Perkins, in his probleme, though he faine would puritanize it, and so goeth on, hanging hoofe against hoofe, yet confesseth, that the fathers used to arme themselves against the develle with the signe of the crosse.

Mountagu. An Appeale to Cæsar, c. 24.
And in the consecrated stream
Pretends to wash off sin, and fit them so
Purified to receive him pure, or rather
To do him honour as their king.

Milton. Paradise Regained, b. i.
But the feast of Lupercalia, considering the time of cele-
or cleared by fire. (See IM- brating thereof, it seemeth it is ordained for a purification.
For it is celebrated on the unfortunate days of the moneth
of February, which are called the purging days.
North. Plutarch, p. 26.
Faith is a great purger and purifier of the soul: purifying
your hearts by faith, saith the apostle.
Bp. Taylor, vol. iii. Ser. 3.
The whiles my handes I [Pilate] washt in purity,
The whiles my soule was soyld with fowle iniquity.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 7.
He said, Asphalion swift the laver brings;
Alternate all partake the grateful springs:
Then from the rites of purity repair,
And with keen gust the savory viands share.
Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. iv.
Molineux, of Marybourgh in Ireland, travelled afterwards
into several foreign countries; was at Rome, where (tho'
puritanically educated under the tuition of Sam. Radcliff, of
Brasen. Coll.) he changed his religion, returned a well-bred
man, was knighted, and in the grand rebellion suffered for
the royal cause.-Wood. Fasti Oxon. vol. i.

Puritan,―applied to one who affects or arrogates

pureness to excess.

So clene lond ys Engoland, and so pur with outen ore,
That the fairest men of the world ther inne beth ybore.
R. Gloucester, p. 8.
The kyng louede hys wyf a non so purliche and so faste,
That al ys herte outliche on hire one he caste.-Id. p. 66.
Whan the kyng herd say, sho had so wele farn,
Thider he went way, to se hir and hir barn,
And with hir he soiorned, till sho was purified.
R. Brunne, p. 310.
Ne mannes preir make pees. among christine peuple
Til prude be pureliche for do.-Piers Plouhman, p. 254.

Thanne poul took the men, and in the dai suynge he was purified with hem and entride into the Temple, and schewide the fillying of daies of purifiung till the offring was offrid for ech of hem.-Wiclif. Dedis, c. 21.

The the next day Paul toke the men, and purifyed himself wt them, and entred into the Temple, declarynge that he obserued the dayes of the purificacion, vntyl that an offering should be offred for euerye one of them.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Therfor a questioun was maad of Jones disciplis with the Jewis, of the purificacioun.-Wiclif. Jon, c. 3.

And there arose a question betwene John's disciplis and the Jewes about purifiynge.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

Let hem with bred of pured whete be fed,
And let us wives eten barly bred.

Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 5725.
The pure fetters on his shinnes grete
Were of his bitter salte teres wete.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 1281.
All his lepre it hath purified.
Gower. A Ballade to King Henry IV.
And shortly to telle,

She is pure heade and welle,
And myrroure, and ensample of good,
Who so hir vertues vnderstood.

Id. Con. A. b. v.

The emperour commaunded to examine theim, and to be enformed of the pureness of their lyues.-Golden Boke, c. 6. Nowe will I talke altogether with the maid herselfe, which hath within her a treasure without comparison, that is the purenes both of body and mind.

Vives. The Instruction of a Christian Woman, b. i. c. 6. It is to no purpose to change some one old and accustomed euil wt other hipocrises and feinings, but vtterly to abolish al superstitions, yt the true religion mai be set in her own purile and holines.-Calvin. Foure Godlye Sermons, Ser. 1. At the well-head the purest streames arise.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 7.

In's body too no critique eye could find
The smallest blemish, to belye his mind;
He was all pureness, and his outward part
But represents the picture of his heart.

Cowley. On the Death of John Littleton,

Piers Plouhman, p. 82.

Your like we in a burning glass may see,
When the sun's rays therein contracted be
Bent on some object, which is purely white,
We find that colour doth dispierce the light,
And stands untainted.-Drayton. Elegy to the Lady J. S.

I would not be a puritan, though he
Can preach two hours, and yet his sermon be
But half a quarter long.

from the pollution of venial sins. See the quotation from Sharp.

Which also whanne he is the brightnesse of glorie, and figure of his substauce, and berith alle thingis bi word of his vertue, he makith purgacioun of synnes.-Wiclif. Eb. c. 1.

Whiche sonne beyng the bryghtnes of hys glory, and very ymage of his substauce, bearynge vp all thinges wyth ye word of hys power, hath in his owne person purged our synnes. Bible, 1551. Ib.

Therevpon they fell to weapinge and purginge of themselues.-Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 129.

After that the purgacio hath wrought, thirstines and sounde slepe be signes that the body is sufficiently purged. Sir T. Elyot. The Castel of Helth, b. iii. c. 6. Cesar, accepting their purgation, learned the waye perfectly by Diuitiacus.-Goldinge. Cæsar, fol. 33. Penaunce is the very purger of synne

Fisher. Seven Psalmes, Ps. 38. pt. ii. The sea doth caste vpon the shoare both pearles and precious stones; whereof proceded ye cause of their great riches, after their marchandise was once knowen to other nacions, the purginges of the seas beinge then esteemed, as man's fansy woulde make the price.

Brende. Quintus Curtius, fol. 233. Purging medicines, for the most part, have their purgative vertue in a fine spirit; as appeareth by that they endure not And therefore it is boiling, without much loss of vertue. of good use in physic. if you can retain the purging vertue, and take away the unpleasant taste of the purger. Bacon. Naturall Historie, §20.

Triall would be also made in herbs poysonous and purgative, whose ill qualitie (perhaps) may be discharged, attempted. by setting stronger poysons, or purgatives, by them.-Id. Ib. § 491.

Surfets many times turn to purges, both upwards and downwards.-Id. Ib. § 36.

The Duke of Glocester sent his purgation upon oath by the bishop of London to the king.

Prynne. Treachery & Disloyalty, pt. i. p. 24. The Platonists and the Papists have been a little more rational in ordering their fancies, placing their imaginary purgatory in their way to heaven, not at the journey's end. Hammond. Works, vol. iv. p. 488. The delusions of purgatory, with all the apparitions of purgatorian ghosts Mede. Apostacy of latter Times, (1641,) p. 45. Cordials of pity give me now, For I too weak for purgings grow.

Cowley. Counsel.

Their doctrine is, That all souls that have not made satisfaction for their sins while they lived, tho' all those sins were remitted, so that they never shall go to hell, but at last shall go to heaven: yet they shall, in the other state, undergo a grievous punishment in a certain kind of prison which they call purgatory, for so long time till they be perfectly purged of their sins-Sharp, vol. vii. Ser. 8.

Purgatorial fire-how far held by some ancient fathers. Wheatley. On the Common Prayer, Introd. This purgatory interval is not unfavourable to a faithless representative, who may be as good a canvasser as he was a bad governor.-Burke. On the French Revolution.

Purgatory, (in Virgil,) the first division, is inhabited by suicides, extravagant lovers, and ambitious warriors; and, in a word, by all those who had indulged the violence of their passions; which made them rather wretched than wicked.-Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. ii. s. 4. See PURE.

PURI PURL, v. PURL, n. PU'RLING, n.

See PURPLE, from which purl is contracted.

To surround with an edge or border, or fringe; to fringe, to embroider.

To purl, applied to the sound of water, Skinner says, may be from the Lat. Proliquare, or bullire, or formed from the sound. It may be so used from the fringes or edges formed upon the little waves or undulations or eddies of the water, as it ruffles or ripples along, or causes the sound, to which the word is now applied.

To flow with gentle murmur; to murmur; to ripple; to wave, to undulate, to rise as waves do; to run into eddies.

The purl apostrophized by Lloyd is described to be "a medicated malt liquor in which wormwood and aromaticks are infused." It is probably so named because it purls or mantles in the glass.

For all the copes and vestementes wer but of one pece, so wouen for the purpose, cloth of tissue and poudered with redde roses purled with fine gold.-Hall. Hen. VIII. an. 12 In speech, it seem'd, his beard, all silver white, Wagg'd up and down, and from his lips did fly Thin winding breath, which puri'd up to the sky. Shakespeare. Rape of Lucrece