SHELF.
SHE'LFY.

SHELVE, V.

See SHALLOW, and SHOAL. In Scotch Schald. Shelves in the quotation from Dryden's SHE'LVING, n. Virgil is in G. Douglas,schaldis bankes of sand (brevia et syrtes). The glossarist, after noticing the etymologies of Skinner and Junius, says, perhaps from the Dut. Schelle, a shell, (qv.)

A shelf in the sea,-a separate or distinct ridge, bank or mass, rising from the main bed near towards the surface.

A shelf, for books, &c.,-a deal, or separated or divided piece of wood.

To shelve, to furnish with, place upon, shelves; consequentially, to dip down, decline, incline, slope, as shelves or shallows in the sea.

Ah me! (poor wench) on this unhappy shelf,
I grounded me, and cast away myself.

Daniel. The Complaint of Rosamond.
Entring his den; each thing beheld; did yeeld
Our admiration: shelues with cheeses heapt;
Sheds stuft with lambs and goates distinctly kept.

Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. ix.

God wisheth none should wreck on a strange shelf:
To him man's dearer, than t'himself,
And howsoever we may think things sweet,
He always gives what he knows meet.

B. Jonson. The Forest. To Sir Robert Wroth.

Here he glanceth wittily at the delicacy of this scholar; from whence he descendeth to the too accurate disposing or shelving of his books.-Comment. on Chaucer, (1665.)

I had been drown'd, but that the shore was sheluy and shallow a death that I abhorre: for the water swelles a man.-Shakes. The Merry Wives of Windsor, Act iii. sc. 5.

His grave-stone was turned of one side, shelving, and there were several holes in the earth, about the bigness of mouseholes, that went down to his very coffin.

More. Antidote against Atheism, pt. i. b. iii. c. 9.

Three ships were hurry'd by the southern blast,
And on the secret shelves with fury cast!

Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, b. i.

For elemental war, and wintry Jove, From Malea's gusty cape his navy drove To bright Lucina's fane; the shelfy coast, Where loud Amnisus in the deep is lost.

Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. xix.

Methought I sat upon a shelfy steep,
And watch'd the fish that gambold in the deep.
Fawkes. Theocritus, Idyll. 22.

He spoke, and speaking at his stern he saw
The bold Cloanthus near the shelvings draw.

Dryden. Virgil. Æneis, b. v.

For Locke or Milton, 'tis in vain to look, These shelves admit not any modern book.

Pope. Moral Essays, Ep. 4.

I shall only add, that the anchoring bank is very shelving, and stretches along the S. W. end of the island, and is ntirely free from shoals.-Anson. Voyages, b. iii. c. 2.

In our return to the ship, we put ashore at a place where, in the corner of a house, we saw four wooden images, each two feet long, standing on a shelf, having a piece of cloth round their middle, and a kind of turban on their heads, in which were stuck long feathers of cocks.

Cook. Second Voyage, b. ii. c. 15. SHELL, n. Also written Shale, (qv.) See SHELL, V. also SCALE. Dut. Schaele, schelle; SHE'LLY. Ger. Schale; A. S. Sceala, which Skinner derives from the A. S. Sceal-ian, asceal-ian, (or ascilian,) to shale or pull off the shales or skales, (Sommer;) but this is a particular application. And shell is the past part. of the A. S. v. Scyllan, to divide, to separate. "To sheal, to separate, most used of milk. So to sheal milk is to curdle it, to separate the parts of it," (Ray.)

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Or in thir pearlie shells at ease, attend
Moist nutriment, or under rocks thir food

In jointed armour watch.-Milton. Paradise Lost, b. vii.

Now with his hands, instead of broad-palm'd oares, The swaine attempts to get the shell-strewed store. Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. ii. s. 1. These [torches] being laid aside, shells of fishes succeeded, which they sounded in the manner of trumpets, which in those days were not invented. Potter. Antiquities of Greece, b. iii. c. 9. Whatever gems the swarthy Indians boast, Their shelly treasures, and their golden coast, Alone thou merits't!-Grainger. Sulpicia, Poem 1.

We shall find, almost wherever we make our subterraneous inquiry, an amazing number of shells that once beGoldsmith. History of the Earth, vol. i. c. 3.

longed to aquatic animals.

Before its death, it pressed out a certain membrane round the whole surface of its body. This membrane was entirely of the shelly nature, and was intended, by the animal, as a supply towards a new one.-Id. Ib. vol. iv. c. 5.

SHELTER, v. SHE'LTER, N. SHELTERLESS.

Skinner knows not whether from Shell. Skelter is probably shielder, from A. S. Scyl-an, tegere, protegere, to cover, to protect. See SHIELD.

A cover, a protection, a defence, a security.

It was a still
And calmy bay, on th' one side sheltered
With the brode shadow of an hoarie hill.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 12.
The ruthlesse breere, regardlesse of his plight,
Laies holde upon the fleece he should acquite,
And takes advantage of the carelesse prey,
That thought she in securer shelter lay.

Bp. Hall. Satires, b. iii. Sat. 3. There is a small cove or sandy-bay sheltered from the winds, at the west end of the eastermost island, where ships may carreen.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1684.

While, conscious of the deed, he glares around,
And hears the gathering multitude resound,
Timely he flies the yet-untasted food,
And gains the friendly shelter of the wood.
Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xv.

Cheerfulness
Danc'd all the day before her; and at night
Soft slumber waited on her downy pillow-
Now sad and shelterless, perhaps, she lies,
Where piercing winds blow sharp, and the chill rain
Drops from some pent-house on her wretched head.
Rowe. Jane Shore, Act v.
By these islands the bay is sheltered from all winds, and
it affords good anchorage.-Cook. First Voyage, b. iii. c. 2.

From one league to four leagues north of Cape Saunders, the shore forms two or three bays, in which there appeared to be good anchorage, and effectual shelter from the S. W. westerly, and N. westerly winds.-Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 7.

shell.

For if a man norissche long heer it is schenschipe to him. Id. 1 Corynth. c. 11. Nyle ghe drede the schenschip of men, and drede ghe not the blasfemyes of hem.—Id. Pistle in Advent. Isaiah, c. 51.

Wel can Senek and many a philosphre
Bewailen time, more than gold in coffre.
'For losse of catel may recovered be,
But losse of time shendeth us,' quod he."

Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Prologue, v. 4442. God shilde his corps from shonde.

Id. Rime of Sir Topas, v. 13,836.

And all this suffred our Lord Jesu Crist that never forfaited; and thus sayd he: To mochel am I peined, for thinges that I never deserved; and to moche defouled for shendship that man is worthy to have. Chaucer. The Persones Tale.

The kinge him hath rebuked eke,
And euery man vpon him cride.
That was he shente on euery side,
Ayene and in to prisone ladde.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii.
By whose powers and mercy all knyghthod the enemyes
of ye lande were shendfully chasyd and vtterly confounded.
Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 79.

Debatefull strife, and cruell enmity,
The famous name of knighthood fowly shend.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6.

Ne wight with him on that adventure went,
But that wyld man; whom though he oft forbad,
Yet for no bidding, nor for being shent,
Would he restrained be from his attendement.

Id. Ib. b. vi. c. 6.

Though bending from the blast of eastern storms,
Though shent their leaves, and shatter'd are their arms:
Yet Heaven their various plants for use designs;
For houses cedars, and for shipping pines.

Dryden. Virgil. Georgics, b. ii. SHERBERT. From the It. Sorbetto, a word of Arabian origin, (says Skinner,) who seems to suspect it to have some connexion with syrup, (or sirrop,) qv.

The fragrant dairy from its cool recess

Its nectar acid or benign will pour

To drown your thirst; or let the mantling bowl

Of keen sherbet the fickle taste relieve.

Armstrong. The Art of Preserving Health, b. i.

A shereyves clerk cryde A shereve hadde he ben.

Piers Plouhman, p. 72.

Chaucer. Prol. to the Canterbury Tales, v. 361. The sherife (which is as much to say as the reeue or baily of the shire) is properlie word for word questor prouinciæ, it is he which gathereth vp, and accounteth for the profits of the shire, that come to the exchequer.

Smith. Common-wealth, b. ii. c. 17. He had ben a pleader in the lawes of this hall certaine yeres, being one of the vnder shriefes of Lōdon. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1421.

King Kenneth, some 850 of the incarnation, placed it at the abbey of Scone (in the sheriffdom of Perth) where the coronation of his successors was usual, as of our monarchs now at Westminster.-Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 17. Illust.

Otherwise it [shires] is gouerned by a shiriffe (a word deriued of schire and greue, and pronounced as shire and riue) whose office is to gather vp and bring his accounts into the excheker, of the profits of his countie receiued. Holinshed. Description of England, b. ii. c. 4.

There may be somewhat of truth in their spiteful observation, who maintain, that the shrevalty in ancient times was honos sine onere, in the middle times honos cum onere, and in our days little better than onus sine honore.

Fuller. Worthies of England.

One Gerard de Camuille had bought of the king the keeping of the castell of Lincolne, vnto whome also the sheriffewike of the shire was committed for a time.

Holinshed. Historie of Englande. Rich. I. an. 1191. But above all the lady fair

Was pink'd, and deck'd beyond compare ;
Scarce a shrieve's wife at an assize
Was dress'd so fine, so roll'd her eyes.

Somervile. The Yeoman of Kent.
Chaste were his cellars, and his shrieval board
The grossness of a city feast abhorr'd:
His cooks with long disuse their trade forgot;
Cool was his kitchen, though his brains were hot.
Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel.
The word pronounc'd aloud by shrieval voice
Lætamur, which in Polish, is rejoice.-Id. The Medal.

Not only writs or orders were sent to the nobility and clergy in the several sheriffwicks and bailiwicks, but to the commons, to assemble and take into consideration how to redress grievances, and support the publick expenses.

Bolingbroke. Dissertation upon Parties. The sheriff is an officer of very great antiquity in this kingdom, his name being derived from two Saxon words, scire gerefa, the reeve, bailiff, or officer of the shire. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 9.

This [government of the shire] he [the earl] usually exercised by his deputy, still called in Latin vice-comes, and in English, the sheriff, shrieve, or shire-reve, signifying the officer of the shire; upon whom by process of time, the civil administration of it is now totally devolved. Blackstone. Commentaries, Introd. §4.

SHERRY. A well known wine (says Skinner) from the city Xeres in Andalusia, whence it is imported into this country.

A good sherris-sack hath a two-fold operation in it: it ascends me into the braine.

Shakespeare. 2 Pt. Hen. IV. Act iv. sc. 3. The second propertie of your excellent sherris, is, the warming of the blood.-Id. Ib.

SHEW. See SHOW.

Gold were the gods, their radiant garments gold,
And gold their armour: these the squadron led,
August, divine, superior by the head!

A place for ambush fit, they found, and stood
Cover'd with shields, beside a silver flood.

SHIFT, n.
SHIFT, V.
SHIFTER.
SHIFTING, n.
SHIFTLESS.

it, (sc.) to divide.

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xviii. A. S. Scyft-an, dividere, partiri, to divide, to shift; land scyft-an, to divide or shift land, as amongst coheirs, (Somner ;) and Mr. Tyrwhitt so explains

To divide, to part, to put away or remove, (sc.) part from part; to remove or change place; to change; to change means or measures; to resort or have recourse to other means, methods or SHIBBOLETH. Used (met.) for a charac- expedients; to get out of, evade or escape teristic, a criterion.

And wist well, thei moten holde

Her cours endlonge the marche right,

And made vpon the derke night,

Of great shydes and of blockes,

Great fire agein the great rockes,

To shewe vpon the hilles high:

So that the flete of Grece it sigh.-Gower. Con. A. b. 63.

SHIELD, n. Dut. Schild; Ger. Schild; Shield, v. (Sw. Sköld; A. S. Scyld, from A. S. Scyld-an; Ger. Schilden, tegere, protegere; to cover, to protect.

A cover, a protection, a defence; a defensive piece of armour; to guard or ward against offensive weapons.

Hii caste awey sseld & suerd, & turnde al to loue.
R. Gloucester, p. 309.
The Brytones tho of this lond, to schilde hem fro schame,
Cheson hem anew kyng, Asclepiod was ys name.

Castels & citez that he of Isaac held, Baronies & feez, he gald him ilk a scheld.

Id. p. 80.

R. Brunne, p. 167.
He had so light ansuere, that Arthure toke his leue,
God schilde vs fro the werre, that non with other greue.
Id. p. 336.

This sely carpenter hath gret mervaile
Of Nicholas, or what thing might him aile,
And said: "I am adrad by Seint Thomas
It stondeth not aright with Nicholas :
God shilde that he died sodenly."

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale, v. 3354.
Thus taketh the nightingale her leaue of me,
I pray to God alway with her be,
And joy of loue he send her euermore,
And shilde us fro the cuckow and his lore,
For there is not so false a bird as he.

Id. The Cuckow and the Nightingale. Ther seemen who can juste, and who can ride Ther shiveren shaftes upon sheldes thicke.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2106.

But Jupiter, whiche wolde shilde The moder, and the sonne also, Ordeineth for hem both two,

That thei for euer were saue.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.

But Perseus, that worthie knight,

Whom Pallas, of hir great might

Halpe, and toke him a shelde therto.-Id. Ib. b. i.

Ye, madame, sayde the knytes than,
Ye faryth as well as any man,
And ellys god hyt schelde.

Ritson. Met. Rom. Launfal, v. 160.
Thus sayd the aged man; and therewithall
Forcelesse he cast his weake vnweldy dart:
Which repulst from the brasse, where it gaue dint
Without sound, hong vainly in the shields bosse.
Surrey. Virgile. Eneis, b. ii.
And first he forg'd a strong and spatious shield
Adornd with twenty severall hewes; about whose verge
he beate,

A ring, three-fold and radiant; and on the backe he set
A siluer handle; fiue-fold were the equall lines he drew
About the whole circumference: in which, his hand did
shew,

1

(dangers, difficulties).

Shifty, is a common word in Nottinghamshire. A shifty fellow, is one quick, cunning at evasions, at expedients; at shifting his ground. Shift, an article of clothing, often shifted or changed.

Witnesse Tiburces and Ceciles shrift,
To which God of his bountee wolde shift
Corones two, of floures wel smelling,
And made his angel hem the corones bring.
Chaucer. The Second Nonnes Tale, v. 15,681.
God clepeth folk to him in sondry wise,
And everich hath of God a propre gift,
Som this, som that, as that him liketh shift.

Id. The Wif of Bathes Prol. v. 5687. Unto this mä hee made his complaint how that hee must needes make shifte shortly for a greate somme of money, desyring hym both to helpe hym, and also of his counsell. Barnes. Workes, p. 329. Hereby it is cleare, that the godly fathers, and bishoppes in olde times, misliked muche this shiftinge of maters to Rome.-Jewell. Works, p. 166.

And so to beate my simple shiftlesse brayne,
For some deuice, that might redeeme thy state,
Lo here the cause, for why I take this payne.

Gascoigne. Dan Bartholmew of Bathe.
And whilst he this, and that, and each man's blow
Doth eye, defend, and shift, being laid to sore,
Backward he bears for more advantage now,
Thinking the wall would safe-guard him the more.
Daniel. Civil Wars, b. iii.

The shilling too seems originally to have been the denomination of a weight. When wheat is at twelve shillings the quarter, says an ancient statute of Henry iii, then wastel bread of a farthing shall weigh down eleven shillings

and four pence.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 4.

SHILL-I, SHALL-I. Shall I? Shall I ? an expression of indecision; of one who does not

know his own mind.

Well-all on fire away he stalk'd,
Till come to-where the eagle walk'd.
Bob did not shill-I-shall-I go,

Nor said one word of friend or foe.

King. The Eagle and the Robin. SHIMMERING. A. S. Scymrian, to cast forth rayes or beames, to cast a shadow. Dut. Schemeren, whereof our shimering for an imperfect light, like unto that of twilight. Dut. Schemeringhe, (Somner.)

And by the wall she toke a staf anon:
And saw a litel shemering of a light,
For at an hole in shone the mone bright,
And by that light she saw hem bothe two,
But sikerly she n'ist who was who.

Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 4224.

SHIN. Dut. Sheene, shene, scheen-been; Ger. Shiene, schien-been; Sw. Skeen, skeen-been; A. S. Scina, scen-ban; probably the skin or skinned bone; the bone covered or protected by skin only; (quia natura ea parte tibiam decarnavit,-Wachter, who derives from the Dut. Schumen, deglubere, or Scandic, Shinna, abradere.) Shin is used alone, bone being understood. See SHANK.

The pure fetters on his shinnes grete
Were of his bitter salte teres wete.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1280.

There came an olde rybibe

She halted of a kybe

And had broken her shyn
At the threshold cummyng in.

Skelton. Elinour Rumming.

Pip. They have so little As well may free them from the name of shifters. Beaum. & Fletch. The Bloody Brother, Act iv. sc. 2. The ding-thrift heire his shift-got summe mispent, Comes drooping like a pennylesse penitent. Bp. Hall, b. iv. Sat. 5. The mysteries which Christians must believe Disdain such shifting pageants to receive.

Dryden. Art of Poetry. The truth is, he was a shiftless man as to worldly affairs. Wood. Fasti Oxon. vol. i.

Again nothing is more open to dangers (when it doth stray) than this shiftless creature, which hath many enemies, and no defence against them.

Comber. Companion to the Temple, pt. i. §3.
Then came drum, trumpet, hautboy, fiddle, flute,
Next snuffer, sweeper, shifter, soldier, mute.
Churchill. The Rosciad.

Now left by all the world, as I believed,
1 wonder'd much that I so little grieved;
Yet was I frighten'd at the painful view
Of shiftless want, and saw not what to do.

Crabbe. Tales of the Hall, b. xi.

SHILL. i. e. Shell, (qv.)

SHILLING. Dut. Schelling; Ger. Schilling; A. S. Scill, scilling or scylling; from the A. S. Scylan, Ger. Schelen, to divide, (pars solidi majoris in plures minores divisi,-Wachter.)

A part or portion (of a weight or coin); now the twentieth part of a pound or sovereign.

He esste, "wat hii costende? thre_ssyllyng," the other seyde. R. Gloucester, p. 390. Yf eny frere were founde there. ich geve fyve shyllinges. Piers Plouhman, p. 234. Fiue of these pence made their shilling, which they called (Dir ted with a knowing minde) a rare varietie. scilling, probably from scilingus, which the Romanes vsed Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xvill. for the fourth part of an ounce.-Camden. Rem. Money.

If the matter was of great importance it was put in the full shiremote; and if the general voice acquitted, or condemned, decided for one party or the other, this was final in the cause.-Burke. Abridg. of Eng. Hist. b. ii. c. 7.

The Thanes, in their private jurisdictions, had delegated their power of judging to their reeves or stewards; and the earl, or alderman, who was in the shire what the Thane was in his manor. for the same reasons officiated by his deputy, the shire reeve.-Id. Ib. p. 347.

An indefinite number of these hundreds make up a county or shire Shire is a Saxon word signifying a division. Blackstone. Commentaries, vol. i. s. 1. Introd.

To prey upon another, by fraud or rapine; to cheat, to trick; to shift from or evade trouble, danger, &c.

Certainly he [Laud] might have spent his time much better, and more for his grace in the pulpit, than thus sherking and raking in the tobacco-shops.

State Trials, 1640. Harbottle Grimstone.

(backward and forward); knocked about from one to another; and hence, consequentially, shittle,

Light, volatile, giddy.

But and it were well sought I trow all will be nought Not worth a shittel cocke.

In which lay throwne Stone cups, stone vessels, shitties, all of stone. With which the nymphs their purple mantles wove. Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xiii. We passe not what the people say or thinke: Their shittle hate makes none but cowards shrinke. Mirrour for Magistrates, p. 456. The vaine shittlenesse of an vnconstant head. Barret. Alvearie in v.

SHIVE, or SHEEVE. SHI'VER, n. SHI'VER, V. SHIVERING, n.

ren,

Dut. Schelffer, schelver, shelffeGer. Sheesheveren, sheven; fer, schiefferen, segmentum secare. findere, assulatim frangere, in micas frangere; to cut, to split, to break into small parts. (See Kilian.) Skinner derives from Ger. Scheden (A. S. Sceadan), which is, to divide or separate by cutting, splitting, breaking or otherwise, (Wachter.) Shive shiver) or sheeve (also written as in Chaucer, seems to come more obviously from Sceaf-an, My last letters will have taught you to expect an explo- scaf-an, to shave; sceaf-wa, a shaving.

Tell me, you that never heard the call of any vocation, that are free of no other company than your idle companions, that shirke living from others, but time from your

selves; tell me, May it not be said of idleness, as of envy, that it is its own scourge ?-Bp. Rainbow, (1635.) Ser. p. 40.

sion here one of the cities shirked from the league.

Lord Byron to Murray. Ravenna, Sept. 7, 1820.

SHIRT, n. From the A. S. Scyric, scyrc, SHIRT, v. indusium; Junius, from Dan. SHIRTLESS. Skiorte, indusium; Tooke, from the A. S. Scyr-an, to shear, of which he considers it to be the past part. Scired, scirt, (i. e. shirt.) See SARK, and SKIRT.

To cut off a shirt, i. e. a part or portion sufficient for that article of clothing.

Glad poverte is an honest thing certain.
This wol Senex and other clerkes sain.
Who so that halt him paid of his poverte,
I hold him rich, al had he not a sherte.

Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Tule, v. 6765.

By God I hadde lever than my sherte,
That ye had red his legend, as have I.

Id. The Nonnes Preestes Tale, v. 15,126.

Save of a doughter that I left, alas,
Sleeping at home, when out of Troy I stert,
O sterne, O cruell father that I was,
How might I have in that so hard an herte?
Alas that I ne had brought her in my shert.

Id. Troil. & Cres. b. iv

When Nessus wist he shulde die,
He toke to Deianyre his sherte,
Whiche with the bloud was of his hert
Through our disteined ouer all.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii.

By whose orient light,

The nymph adorn'd me with attires as bright;
Her owne hands putting on, both shirt and weede,
Robes fine, and curious.-Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. x.

Bend. Yet we may possibly hear farther news;
For while our Africans pursu'd the chace,
The captain of the rabble issued out
With a black shirtless train to spoil the dead,

And seize the living.-Dryden. Don Sebastian, Act. i. sc.1.

Ah! for so many souls, as but this morn
Were cloath'd with flesh, and warm'd with vital blood,
But naked now, or shirted but with air.

Id. King Arthur, Act ii. Peel'd, patch'd. and pyebald, linsey-wolsey brothers, Grave mummers! sleeveless some, and shirtless others. Pope. The Dunciad, b. iii.

In the present times, through the greater part of Europe, a creditable day-labourer would be ashamed to appear in public without a linen shirt, the want of which would be supposed to denote that disgracefull degree of poverty, which, it is presumed, nobody can well fall into without extreme bad conduct.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. v. c. 2. Skinner derives shittle from and A. S. Sceot-an, to shoot; see Tooke.

SHITTLE. SHITTLE, adj.

SHITTLENESS,

SHITTLECORK.

A shuttle or shittle- cork

(miscalled cock) is a cork shot, i.e. thrown or cast

Shive, or shaving,-a cut or cutting, a slice, a chip, a paring.

Shiver, a part or portion; usually a very small, minute, part, portion or fragment; a mite, an atom.-Hammond, on Matt. vii. 3, explains mote to be a small thin shiver of wood.

To shiver, to part, to separate, to dissever.
The noyse of foules for to be deliver'd,

So loude rang, "Have don and let vs wend,"
That well weend I, the wood had al to shiverd.

Chaucer. The Assembly of Fowls.
Ther see men who can juste, and who can ride
Ther shiveren shaftes upon sheldes thicke.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2607. "Now dame," quod he, "jeo vous die sanz doute, Have I nat of a capon but the liver, And of your white bred nat but a shiver, And after that a rosted pigges hed (But I ne wolde for me no beest were ded) Then had I with you homly suffisance.

Id. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7420.
Warner. Albion's England.

A sheeve of bread as brown as nut.

What man, more water glideth by the mill
Then wots the miller of, and easie it is
Of a cut loafe to steale a shiue we know.

Shakespeare. Titus Andronicus, Act ii. sc. 1.

If there bee any spell or shiver of arrowes, if any peece of a dart or whatsoever else sticke within the flesh, which would bee gotten forth.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxx. c. 13.

Edg. Hadst thou beene ought

But gozemore, feathers, ayre,

(So many fathome downe precipitating)

Thoud'st shiuer'd like an egge: but thou dost breath. Shakespeare. K. Lear, Act iv. sc. 6. The same meale draweth forth spils of broken and shivered bones.-Holland. Plinie, b. xxii. c. 25.

But, glauncing on the tempred metall, brast
In thousand shivers, and so forth beside her past.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 7.

Or surging waves against a solid rock,
Though all to shivers dasht, the assault renew,
Vain battry, and in froth or bubbles end.

Milton. Paradise Regained, b. iv. Vpon the breaking and shivering of a great state and empire, you may be sure to have warres. Bacon. Ess. Of Vicissitude of Things. And of this kind of parts itself there is also a variety, according to the difference of the tools employed to work on the wood; the shavings made by the plane being in some things differing from those shives or thin and flexible pieces of wood that are obtained by borers, and these from some others obtainable by other tools.

Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 576, The bullets, which grazed upon it, would have driven before them such shivers of brick and stone, as would have prevented the garrison from forming behind it, Anson. Voyages, b. ii. c. 14. Wachter says the Ger. Schaur, is, a trembling; and Schauren, to tremble; but that he does not find the word

SHI'VER, v. SHI'VER, N. SHI'VERING, n. SHI'VERY.

To shake, to tremble, to quake, to quiver. To be in a shiver, is a common expression. From hence forward if you see a poore man shineryng for cold in the streete, you may byd him walke a knaue and bare hým in hand that he feeleth no harme. Fryth. Workes, p. 13. Tisiphone each where doth shake and shiver Her flaming tier-brond, encountring me, Whose lockes uncombed cruell adders be.

Spenser. Virgil's Gnat Streight bitter storms, and balefull countenance That makes them all to shiver and to shake. Id Faerie Queene. Of Mutabilitie. The now sad king (Toss'd here and there, his quiet to confound) Feels a strange weight of sorrows gathering Upon his trembling heart, and sees no ground; Feels sudden terrour bring cold shivering.

Daniel. Civil Wars, b. iji.

"A race of men there are, as Fame has told
Who shivering suffer Hyperborean cold,
Till, nine times bathing in Minerva's lake,
Soft feathers to defend their naked sides they take."
Dryden. Ovid Melam. b. xiii.
A hollow wind comes whistling through that door;
And a cold shiv'ring seizes me all o'er.

Id. The Conquest of Granada, Act iv. sc. 1.

A genial day in April is among us the subject of general congratulation. And while the lilac blossoms, and the laburnum drops its gold clusters, the shivering possessor of them is constrained to seek warmth at the side of his chimney.-Knox, Ess. 91.

Shoaling, (Milton,) - growing or becoming shallow.

Shole, adj. (Spenser, Dampier, Cook,)—shallow or shoaly.

Shoaled our water,-got into shallow water. Thus pluckt he from the shore his lance, & left the wanes to wash

The wave sprung entrails, about which fausens and other fish Did shole, to nibble of the fat what his sweet kindeys hid. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xxi. Whereupon the women especially by way of revenge for that restraint do flock to St. Maries in such troops, and so early, that the masters of art have no room to sit; so as the vice-chancellor and heads of houses were in deliberation to repress their shoaling thither.

Reliquia Wottonianæ, p. 472.
Pal. Sicker this morow, no lenger agoe,
I sawe a shole of shepherdes outgoe
With singing, and shouting, and jolly chere.
Spenser. The Shepheard's Calender. May.
What they met

Solid or slimie, as in raging sea
Tost up and down, together crowded drove
From each side shoaling towards the mouth of hell.
Milton. Paradise Lost, b. x.

But this Molanna, were she not so shole,
Were no lesse faire and beautifull then shee:
Yet, as she is, a fairer flood may no man see.

Spenser. Faerie Queene. Of Mutabilitie, c. 6.
From thence there came a great shole of crows, making a
marvellous noise, that came flying toward Cicero's ship
which rowed upon the shore.-North. Plutarch, p. 729.
When bright noone did flame
Forth from the sea, in skoles the sea-calues came,
And orderly, at last, lay downe and slept
Along the sands. Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. iv.
Beneath, a shoal of silver fishes glides
And plays about the gilted barges' sides.

Waller On St. James's Park

Each finding some protection in being but one of many that are equally liable to invasion, they [herrings] are seen to separate into shoals, one body of which moves to the west, and pours down along the coasts of America, as far south as Carolina, and but seldom farther.

Goldsmith. History of the Earth, pt. iv. b. iii. c. 2.

The shoals, he said, consisted of coral rocks, many of which were dry at low water, and upon one of which he had been ashore.-Cook. First Voyage, vol. ii. c. 4.

As we were steering close round its western extremity, with an intention of fetching the west side of Mowee, we suddenly shoaled our water, and observed the sea breaking on some detached rocks almost right a-head.

Id. Third Voyage, b. v. c. 5.

A concussion; a quaking, or trembling; a dashing or striking, with a violence or force, that shakes. To shock, (met.)—

To cause a trembling or shuddering, (sc.) of anguish, horror, dislike.

A shock of corn,--so much as is shoke or shaken into a pile or heap. Dut. Schocke, concussus, jactatio, (Kilian ;) and, consequentially, strues. Shock (dog.) See SHAG.

Reap well, scatter not, gather clean that is shorn,
Bind fast, shock apace, have an eye to thy corn.
Tusser. August's Husbandry.
Corn tithed, sir parson, together go get,
And cause it on shocks, to be by and by set.-Id. Ib.
The day upon the host affrightedly doth look,

To see the dreadful shock, their first encounter gave,
As though it with the roar, the thunder would out-brave.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 22.
When soon the troubled ground,
On her black bosom felt the thunder, which awoke
Her genius, with the shock that violently shook
Her entrails.

Id. Ib.

The sheaves being yet in shocks in the field, they thought they might not grind the wheat, nor make any commodity of the profit thereof.-North. Plutarch, p. 85.

While these by Juno's will the strife resign, The warring gods in fierce contention join; Rekindling rage each heavenly breast alarms; With horrid clangour shock'd th' etherial arms. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xxi. So great was the love which the Jews had to their own country and religion, such an opinion was generally received among them of the peculiar favour of God towards them, that they who could not be shocked by persecution, were in danger of being overcome by flattery

Stillingfleet, vol. ii. Ser. 3.

Because the conclusion is too shocking to appear in broad terms, and too weak to bear; therefore you keep it under cover; and lay colours upon it, the better to deceive and draw in an unwary reader.-Waterland. Works, vol. i. p.144. I would fain know why a shock and a hound are not distinct species as a spaniel and an elephant. Locke. Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 6.

Neglecting this, the master straight spurr'd on,
But th' active Moor his horse's shock did shun;
And 'ere his rider from his reach could go,
Finish'd the combat with one deadly blow.

Dryden. The Conquest of Granada, Act i. sc. 1.

To be sure he will rather have the primitive man to be produced by a long process in a kind of digesting balneum, where all the heavier lees may have time to subside, and a due æquilibrium be maintain'd, not disturb'd by any such rude and violent shocks, that would ruffle and break all the little stamina of the embryon, if it were a making before. Bentley, Ser. 4. At once they stoop and swell the lusty sheaves; While through their cheerful band the rural talk, The rural scandal, and the rural jest, Fly harmless. to deceive the tedious time, And steal unfelt the sultry hours away. Behind the master walks, builds up the shocks; And, conscious, glancing oft on every side His sated eye, feels his heart heave with joy.

Thomson. Autumn.

In this dreadful manner was one, who had been till then of an excellent character, hurried on, from a single, and seemingly slight, indulgence, into the depth of the grossest and most shocking villanies.-Secker, vol. i. Ser. 25.

The infidel principles which have been recently diffused with uncommon industry and art, have an immediate tendency to produce, in a reading age, this shocking corruption. Knox. Winter Evenings, Even. 39.

SHODE. A bush of hair, the head, (Skinner, who thinks it may be from A. S. Scade lucus, q.d. nemus capillorum.)

The naile ydriven in the shode on hight,
The colde deth, with mouth gaping upright,
Amiddes of the temple sate mischance,
With discomfort and sory countenance.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 2009.
Crulle was his here, and as the gold it shon,
And strouted as a fanne large and brode;
Full streight and even lay his joly shode.

SHOE, v. SHOE, N. SHOE LESS.

}

Id. The Milleres Tale, v. 3316. Goth. Sko; A. S. Sco, sao, scho; Dut. Schoe, schoen; Ger. Schu, schuh; Sw. Sko. In A. S. Ge-scy, calcei, ge-scod, calceatus. Sceog-ian, calceare. (See Lye.) Tooke derives from A. S. Sky-an, ge-scyan, supponere, to place under. Sceod, suppositum; under placed, (sc.) the foot; the sole of the foot, (Div. of Purley, 8vo. ed. vol. ii. pp. 65 and 145.) In Mark vi. shood with sandals is υποδεδεμένους σανδαλια, bound under with sandals ; and the shoe or sandal was itself called υποδημα, something bound under.

The shoe, then, was something placed under the foot to save it from injury; the covering or upper leather was a subsequent improvement.

And commaundide hem that thei schulden not take ony thing in the weye but a yerde oneli, not a scrippe, ne breed, nether money in ther gerdil; but schood with sandalis, and that thei schulden not be clothid with tweie cootis. Wiclif. Mark, c. 6. And comauded, them that they shoulde take no thyng unto their iorney, saue a rodde onely, neyther scrippe, neyther bread, neyther monye in their pourses, but shoulde be shood with sandals.-Bible, 1551. Ib.

So been Augustins, and cordileers,
And carmes, and eke sacked freers,
And all freers shode and bare.-Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose.
His rode was red, his eyen grey as goos,
With Poules windowes corven on his shoos.

He once desired to have a pair of shoes made after the English fashion, tho' he did very seldom wear any: so one of our men made him a pair, which the general liked very well.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1686.

The dresses for the feet and legs amongst the Greeks and Romans were nearly the same; they had both shoes and sandals, the former covered the whole foot, the last consisted of one or of more soals, and were fastened with thongs above the foot.-Beloe. Herodotus, b. i. Note 249. SHOG, v. ? See To JOG. Shog, from SHO'GGING, n. shoke, shock, past part. of shake, See also SHAG and SHOCK.

(qv.)

To shake to cause to shake or tremble; to move at a shaking pace; as a shog trot; to move slowly away.

And the boot in the myddil of the see was schoggid with waivis, for the wynd was contrarie to hem. Wiclif. Matthew, c. 14. If he can by no meane be shogged oute of his deadde slepe, but wil nedes take hys dreame for a verye trouth. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1193. Then ever and anone they plied it with stirring and shogging, untill it had lost the cruditie and verdure thereof. Holland. Plinie, b. xix. c. 3. Tinck. Come, prethee let's shogg off, and browze an hour or two, there's ale will make a cat speak, at the harrow. Beaum. & Fletch. The Coxcombe, Act ii. sc. 1. These famed words agog So set the goddesses, that they in anger gan to shog. Arthur Hale. Iliad, b. iv. Through the violence of such shoggings [they] are leapt out of the coach-Harmar. Tr. of Beza, [1587,] p. 385. Another's diving bow he did adore Which with a shog casts all the hair before, Till he with full decorum brings it back, And rises with a water-spaniel shake.

SHOOT, v. SHOOT, N. SHOOTER. SHOOTING, n. SHOO'TRESS.

SHOT.

sen: tan,

Dryden. Ep. to the Man of Mode. Dut. Schieten; Ger. SchiesSw. Shuita; A. S. Sceoscyt-an, jacere, ejicere, projicere, jaculari; to throw, cast, or send out or forth. See Tooke, ii. 130.

To throw or cast; to throw, cast or send out or forth, to emit, to eject, to project; to thrust or push forth, to expel; to move or pass, like any thing shot or thrown.

A shot,-(shot, past part. of shoot)--from a gun, or bow, or other machine; something cast or thrown forth, emitted, ejected, expelled.

A shoot of a tree,-cast forth, thrown, emitted from the tree.

"A shotten herring, one that has cast or thrown forth its spawn."

A shot window, a projected window, thrown out beyond the rest of the front, very common in our old houses; Mr. Tyrwhitt supposes it a shut window.

Shote-anchor, or sheet-anchor. See SHEET. Shot, cast down as share or sum to be paid. See SCOT.

Shot-free, free from shot; from expense, da

For though a widewe hadde but a shoo,
(So plesant was his in principio)
Yet wold he have a ferthing or he went.

Id. Prol. to the Canterbury Tales, v. 255. He looketh with what hart thou workest, and not what thou workest, how thou acceptest the degree thou art, whether thou be an apostle, or a shoemaker. Tyndall. Workes, p. 85. The popes and byshops will keepe their feete ful cleane with shoes of gold and siluer.-Fryth. Workes, p. 98.

As the tale is told, it fell out upon a time, that a shoemaker when he went by seemed to controule his workemanship aboute the shoe or pantophle that he had made to a picture, and namely, that there was one latchet fewer than there should bee: Apelles acknowledging that the man said true indeed, mended that fault by the next morning, and set forth his table as his manner was.

Holland. Plinie, b. xxxv. c. 10.

A shoeless soldier there a man might meet
Leading his monsieur by the arms fast bound;
Another his had shackled on the ground.

Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt. When he [the smith] had observ'd them, he told the host of the house," That one of those horses had travell'd far; and that he was sure that his four shoes had been made in four several counties; which, whether his skill was able to discover or no, was very true. Clarendon. Civil Wars, vol. iii. p. 424.

As he wolde schete an hert, al a geyn hys wille
To dethe he schet ys owne fader, that he lay ther stille.
R. Gloucester, p. 11.

Oft tille our Inglis men was schewed a mervaile grete,
A darte was schot to them, bot non wist who it schete.
R. Brunne, p. 178.
And sheteth out shot ynowh.-Piers Plouhman, p. 355.
And shotten ageyns hym with shot-Id. p. 403.
Pipen he coude, and fishe, and nettes bete,
And turnen cuppes, and wrastlen wel, and shete.
Chaucer. The Reves Tale, v. 3926.

But who so shooteth right ywis,
May therewith doen great harme and wo.