I have I know not how often, seemed to myself to observe a manifestly greater clearness and sparklingness at some times than at others.-Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 452.

Sir John [Suckling] threw his repartees about the table with much sparkliness, and gentileness of wit, to the admiration of them all.-Aubrey. Anecdotes, b. ii. p. 551.

For why should I the gallant spark command,
With clean white gloves to fit his ready hand?
Or in his fob enlivening spirits wear,
And pungent salts to raise the fainting fair?

Jenyns. The Art of Dancing, c. 1.

But their eyes, especially those of the women, are full of expression, sometimes sparkling with fire, and sometimes melting with softness.-Cook. First Voyage, b. i. c. 17.

SPA'RROW. Goth. Sparwa; A. S. Spearwa; Dut. Sparre; Ger. Spier; Sw. Sparf. In Fr. Esparvier; It. Sparvière; Low Lat. Sparvarius, is a spar-hawk, or sparrow-hawk. The Lat. (Vossius, de Vit. lib. ii.) derives from the Ger. Spariver, and this so called, as of Spar-var; that is, spread ing its wings far,-procul spargens penuos. Sparrow, anciently written Sparwe, A. S. Spearwa, may be from the A. S. Spyr-ian, to search after, from the active disposition of the bird.

Whethir two sparrowis [A.S. twegen spearwan] ben not sold for an halpeny? and oon of hem schal not falle on the erthe withoute your fadir ?-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 10.

Are not two sparowes, solde for a farthyng? And none of them doth lyght on the grounde, withoute your father. Bible, 1551. Ib.

This frere ariseth up full curtisly,
And hire embraceth in his armes narwe,
And kisseth hire swete, and chirketh as a sparwe.
Chaucer. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7384.

This haue I heard oft in saying,
That man may for no daunting
Make a sperhauke of a bosarde.-Id. Rom. of the Rose.

The cocke sparrow (by report) liveth but one yeare: the reason why men so thinke, is, because in the spring, there is not one of them found with a blacke bill, and yet in summer before, it began to be blacke.-Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 36.

To throw out; to throw out upon, (sc.) any dirt or filth; to besprinkle, to asperse.

Spatter-dash,-against which dirt thrown up in walking dashes, or strikes.

The noise he made, being a man of no few words, joined to the yelping sound of Miso, and his unpleasant inheretrix, brought together some number of the shepherds, to whom he without any regard of reserving it for the king's knowhim that he never knew that Zelmane, whom they had ledge, spattered out the bottom of his stomack, swearing by taken all to be a woman, was as arrant a man as himself was.-Sidney. Arcadia, b. iv.

Sir Edw. told him, he fear'd that fort would be the cause of the loss of the town: the Grave spatter'd and shook his head, saying, 'twas the greatest error he had committed since he knew what belong'd to a soldier. Howell, b. i. Let. 15. They fondly thinking to allay Thir appetite with gust, instead of fruit Chewd bitter ashes, which th' offended taste With spattering noise rejected-Milton. Par. Lost, b. x. Where famish'd dogs, late guardians of my door, Shall lick their mangled master's spatter'd gore. Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xxii. He comes, the herald of a noisy world, With spatter'd boots, strapp'd waist, and frozen locks; News from all nations lumb'ring at his back. Cowper. Task, b. iv. Why now, here's a fellow made for a soldier: there's a leg for a spatterdash, with an eye like the king of Prussia. Sheridan. The Camp, Act i. sc. 2. SPATTLE. See SPIT. SPATULA. Fr. Spatule; It. Spatola; Sp. Espatula; Lat. Spathula, spatha; Gr. Ewan, from σnav, trahere, to draw, (to draw off, to skim.) Now applied to—

An instrument with which surgeons or others draw out or spread out-salves, ointments, &c.

Some used to put thereunto, [the juice of mulberries,] myrrhe and cypresse, setting all to frie and take their fermentation in the sun, untill it grew to hardnesse in the foresaid vessell, stirring it thrice a day with a spatule. Holland. Plinie, b. xxiii. c. 17. SPA'VIN, n. Fr. Espavent, (éparvin;) It. SPA'VIN, v. Spavenio, spavento. Skinner thinks from the Lat. Spasmus. See SPASM. Troubled with the lampasse, infected with the fashions, full of windegalls, sped with the spauins.

Shakespeare. Taming of the Shrew, Act iii. sc. 2.

So when a jockey brings a mare,
Or horse, or gelding, to a fair,
Though she be spavin'd, old, and blind,
With founder'd feet, and broken wind.

Let him who does on iv'ry tables dine
Whose marble floors, with drunken spawlings shine;
Let him lascivious songs and dances have.

SPAWN, v. SPAWN, n. SPA'WNER.

Congreve. Juvenal, Sat. 11. The eggs (says Skinner) of fishes: from the Dut. Spene, succus, lac muliebre. A. S. Spana, the teats or speanes of females, especially a cow, Το (Somner.) spane a child, (says Ray, sc.) to wean it; that is, keep it from the spean or breast. Dut. Spawn is perhaps from A. S. Spiwan; Speeuwen; Ger. Speyen.

To throw forth, to eject. Spean, that which ejects or cmits, (sc.) milk, nourishment.

Spawn, that which is thrown forth, ejected or Applied (met.) contemptuously, reemitted. vilingly.

All this was before the invention of printing, when books came but single into the publique, which, since that mistery is made common, come swimming into the world like shoals of fishes, and one edition spawneth another. Fuller. Worthies General, c. 10.

And 'twas the plague of countries and of cities, When that great belli'd house did spawn committees. Brome. Speech to General Monk. I think about that time [April] he spawns, and, as I have formerly told you, with the help of the melter, hides his spawn or eggs in holes, which they, both, dig in the gravel. Wallon. Angler, pt. i e. 14.

The barbel, for the preservation of their seed, both the spawner and the melter, cover their spawn with sand. Id. Ib.

Whose corage when the feend perceivd to shrinke,
She poured forth out of her hellish sinke
Her fruitfull cursed spawne of serpents small,
Deformed monsters, fowle, and black as inke.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i c. 1.

Barefoot may no neighbour wade In thy cool streams, wife nor maid, When the spawns on stones do lye To wash their hemp, and spoil the fry. Beaum. & Fletch. The Faithful Shepherdess, Act iii. Fran. The night, and all the evil the night covers. The goblins, haggs, and the black spawn of darkness, Cannot fright me. Id. The Night Walker, Act iff. Virtue breedeth satisfaction and joy, vice spawneth displeasure and anguish of conscience-Barrow, vol. ii. Ser. 8. The naughtiness of infidelity will appear by considering its effects and consequences, which are plainly a speen of all vices and villanies, a deluge of all mischiefs and outrages upon the earth.-Waterland. Works, vol. vi. p. 282. So when the Jewish leader stretch'd his arm, And wav'd his rod divine, a race obscene, Spawn'd in the muddy beds of Nile, came forth. Polluting Egypt.

Couper. Task, b. ii. Great quantities of the brown scum continued to appear upon the water, and the sailors having given up the notion of its being spawn, found a new name for it, and called it sea-saw-dust.-Cook. First Voyage, b. iii. c 7. SPAY, v. Castrare feminam (says Skinner), SPAY, n. from the Lat. Spado, Gr. Sradar, from orav, trahere, extrahere, to extract or draw out. See To SPLAY, and the quotation from Holland's Plinie.

In examining the condition of our red deere. I find that the young male is called in the first yeere a calfe, in the second a broket, the third a spaie, the fourth a stagon or stag, the fift a great stag, the sixt an hart, and so foorth vnto his death.-Holinshed. Desc. of England, b. iii. c. 4. When sows and bitches may be spay'd, And in what sign best cyder's made.-Hudibras, pt. ii. e. 3. SPEAK, v. SPEAKER. SPEAKABLE. SPEAKING, n. SPEECH. SPEECHLESS. SPEECHLESSNESS.

SPEECHMAN.

SPO'KESMAN.

A. S. Spacan, and also, spræc-an; Dut. Sprek-en; Ger. Sprechen, Sw. Spräka, fare, dicere. Some etymologists have supposed from brechen, rumpere, to break or burst forth: it has, perhaps, the same origin as the A. S. Spære, speare,

a spark; Dut. Sparck-elen, to throw forth, and thus

SPE

A class, order, division or disposition of things causing the same or similar sensations to the sight; having or showing particular or discriminating qualities-the same; having or showing the same form, or appearance.

To specify-to name the particular or distinct thing or things; to articularize, to discriminate, to distinguish; to denote or signify particularly, or distinctly.

Speciousness is not an uncommon word.

The king of Alimayne sende specialliche inou
R. Gloucester, p. 497.
To king Jon.
Thei praied God specially, that he wild tham saue.
R. Brunne, p. 23.
Absteyne ghou fro al yuel spice.—Wiclif. 1 Thess. c. 5.

And therfore of his wise purveyance
He hath so wel beset his ordinance,
That speces of thinges and progressions
Shullen enduren by successions,
And not eterne, withouten any lie.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 3013. But natheles, let us now descende to the special. Ye shul first proceden after the doctrine of Tullius.

Id. The Tale of Melibeus.

Certes than is envie the west sinne that is; for sothly all other sinnes be somtime only ayenst on special vertue: but certes envie is ayenst al maner vertues and alle goodnesse.

Id. The Persones Tale.

And so befell that on a day this frere
Had preched at a chirche in his manere,
And specially aboven every thing
Excited he the peple in his preching.

Id. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7295.

Which is a thing of poets told,
Neuer yseine nother of yong nor old,
But as Bocchas list to specifie,
Cleare expouning this dark poesie.

SPE

But it is rather manifest that the essence of spirits is a substance specifically distinct from all corporeal matter whatsoever.-More. Antidote against Atheism, b. iii. c. 12.

And hence it is that the will of man by the instituted law of his creation, and the common influence of the divine goodness and power is enabled to act as a reasonable crea

ture, to determine it self, and to govern its proper actions according to the law of his creation, without any particular, peccating, concurrent, new imperate act of the Divine special Providence to every particular determination of his will.-Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 40.

In the mean time, that scion alters the nature of that stock; and, while the root gives fatness to the stock, and the stock yields juice to the scion, the scion gives goodness to the plant, and a specification to the fruit.

1

SPECK, n. SPECK, V.

Were these three supposed to be perfectly co-equal, and to have no essential dependence one upon another, they could not by these Platonists be concluded to be any other than three co-ordinate gods, having only a generical or specifical identity; and so no more one, than three men are one man.-Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 390.

This said, warr's cause these priests no more debate;
They knew, warr's justice none could ere decide;
At that more specious name they open strait,
And sacred rites of fun'ral they provide.

Davenant. Gondibert, b. ii. c. 1.

That the species of things to us are nothing but the ranking them under distinct names, according to the complex ideas in us; and not according to precise, distinct, real essences in them, is plain from hence, that we find many of the individuals that are rank'd into one sort, call'd by one common name, and so receiv'd as being of one species. have yet qualities depending on their real constitutions, as far different one from another, as from others, from which they are accounted to differ specifically.

Locke Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 6. This general rule of justice is always at hand, and we carry it about us in our own breasts: for this is the peculiar advantage of this rule, that by it we may very easily discern all the specialities of our duty, without looking abroad, or Id. Destruction of the City of Thebes. having recourse to external instructions. Scott. Christian Life, pt. iii. c. 9. The repixwpnois, and interior generation, are two specialities taught by the Catholics, and heavily complained of by your friend Dr. Whitby, as unscriptural definitions. Waterland. Works, vol. i. p. 228

I woll not saie in generall

For there be some in speciall,

In whom that all vertue dwelleth.-Gower. Con. A. Prol.

Als for to speake of time ago

The cause why it changeth so

It nedeth nought to specifie,

The thynge so open is at the eie

That euery man it maie beholde.--Id. Ib.

Than he toke four C. speares of the moost speciallest and surest men of war of all his company.

Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 304.

The specialtees wherof do so ferforth in the first chapiter of this boke appere, that we shall here nede no rehersall therof.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 105.

Than to brynge this storye to effecte, whereof, if I shuld declare ye specyallies thereof, wolde aske a longe tyme. Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 161.

From forests, fields, from rivers, and from ponds,
All that have webs, or cloven-footed ones;
To the grand ark together friendly came,
Whose several species were too long to name.

Drayton. Noah's Flood.
Those pretty mirrors, like a crevice in a wall, though a
narrow perspective, transmit the species of a vast excellency.
Bp. Taylor, vol. ii. Ser. 5.
By which [bridge] the spirits perverse
With easie intercourse pass to and fro
To tempt or punish mortals, except whom
God and good angels guard by special grace.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. il.

Special Providence in relation to the acts themselves, are those special actings of the Divine power and will, whereby he acts either in things natural or moral, not according to the rules of general Providence, but above, or besides, or against them: and these I call the imperate acts of Divine Providence-Hale. Origin. of Mankind, p. 36.

[Christ] the Physician and the Saviour, that hath promises of long life annexed to some specials of his service. Hammond, vol. iv. Ser. 3.

And therefore Tranio, for the time I studie,
Vertue and that part of philosophie
Will I applie, that treats of happinesse,
By vertue specially to be atchieu'd.

Shakespeare. Taming of the Shrew, Act i. sc. 1. The specially of rule hath beene neglected.

Id. Troyl. & Cress. Act i. sc. 3. Our Saviour specialising and nominating the places. Sheldon. Mir. of Antichrist, (1616,) p. 261.

What assistance I received from them, was made known in general to the public in the original proposals for this work, and the particulars are specified at the conclusion of it.-Pope. Homer. Odyssey, Postscript.

And to talk of specifick differences in nature, without reference to general ideas and names, is to talk unintelligibly Locke. Hum. Underst. b. iii. c. 6. He assured the lady that if she would drink a good decoction of sarsa, with the specificks, usually prescribed in such cases, she might enjoy good health. Wiseman. Surgery, b. i. c. 5. In short, the specification of our worship, and the right direction of it, are nearly concerned in this doctrine. Waterland. Works, vol. v. p. 27.

Though the divine nature abounds with innumerable virtues and perfections, yet 'tis impossible for us, by our own natural light, to discover any other of them than those of which he himself hath imprinted some specimens upon created beings.-Scott. Christian Life, pt. il. c. 6. Who truth from specious falsehood can divide, Has all the gownsmen's skill without their pride. Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel. To these considerations may be added, that we are commanded to walk decently, or speciously, which implies a regard to men's opinion.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 4.

I know what may be said speciously enough to persuade, that such an increase of dominion would not have augmented, but would rather have weakened the power of France.-Bolingbroke. On History, Let. 8.

After he [Gainsborough] had invented a new species of dramatic painting, in which probably he will never be equalled, and had stored his mind with infinite materials to explain and illustrate the domestic and familiar scenes of common life, which were generally, and ought to have been always, the subject of his pencil: he very imprudently, or rather presumptuously, attempted the great historical style, for which his previous habits had by no means prepared him.-Reynolds, Dis. 14.

The non payment of these is an injury, for which the proper remedy is by action of debt, to compel the performance of the contract and recover the specifical sum due. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 9. Here, the intended punishment is explained specifically, that is, with its circumstances. Warburton. Divine Legation, b. iv. s. 6.

Matter being of one simple homogeneal nature, and not distinguishable by specificall differences, as the schools A specification of a few improvements will add but little speak, it must have every where the very same essentiall to the sum of my transgressions. Knox. On the University of Oxford. properties.—More. Immortality of the Soul, b. i. c. 11.

Oft stooping to support

Anson. Voyages, b. ii. c. 7.

This probability is increased by the hills that bounded it toward the land, being covered with thick snow when those toward the sea, or where we lay, had not a speck remaining on them.-Cook. First Voyage, b. iv. c. 2.

The bushes toward the sea, were frequented by infinite numbers of a sort of moth, elegantly speckled with red, black, and white.-Id. Third Voyage, b. ii. c. 3.

SPECTACLE. SPECTACLED. SPECTACULAR. SPECTATOR. SPECTATORIAL. SPECTATORSHIP. SPECTA'TRESS.

Fr. Spectacle, spectateur; It. Spettacolo, spettatore; Sp. Espectaculo, espectator; Lat. Spectaculum; from Species, any thing seen.

Any thing that may be seen, or viewed, looked at. or beheld; a sight, a show; an exhibition to the sight.

Glasses to aid the sight are called spectacles. For we ben mand a spectacle to the world and to aungelis and to men.-Wiclif. 1 Corynth. c. 4.

Poverte a spectakel is, as thinketh me,
Thurgh which he may his very frendes see.
Chaucer. The Wif of Bathes Tale, v. 6786.

Such is a kynges power
To make within an hower
And worke such a miracle
That shalbe a spectacle
Of renowme and worldly fame.

Skelton. Why come ye not to Court? And [he] thought no eyes of sufficient credit in such a matter, but his own, and therefore came himself to be actor and spectator.- Sidney. Arcadia, b. ii.

Pitifull spectacle of deadly smart,
Beside a bubling fountaine low she lay,
Which shee increased with her bleeding hart
And the cleane waves with purple gore did ray.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. il c. 1.
Bru. All tongues speake of him, and the bleared sights
Are spectacled to see him.
Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act ii. se. 1

The whiles to me the treachour did remove
His craftie engin; and, as he had sayd,
Me leading, in a secret corner layd,
The sad spectatour of my tragedie.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. li. c. 4.

It hath been said of old, that plays are feasts,
Poets the cooks, and the spectators guests;
The actors, waiters.

Carew. Of Mr. William Davenant's Play.

If thou stand'st not i' th' state of hanging, or of some death more long in spectatorship, and crueller in suffering, Dehold now presently, and swoond for what's to come vpon thee.-Shakespeare. Coriolanus, Act v. sc. 2.

The spectacular sports were concluded.

Hickes. Ser. 30 Jan. 1681-2.

Have ye no griefs at home to fix you there; Am I the only object of despair?

Am I become my people's common-show, Set up by Jove your spectacle of woe?

Pope. Homer. Iliad, b. xxiv.

Two powers divine the son of Atreus aid,
Imperial Juno, and the martial maid;
But high in heaven they sit, and gaze from far,
The tame spectators of his deeds of war.-Id. Ib. b. iv.

I mean the fraternity of spectators who live in the world without having any thing to do in it; and either by the affluence of their fortunes, or laziness of their dispositions, have no other business with the rest of mankind but to look above them.-Spectator, No. 10.

But I must appeal to your spectatorial wisdom, who, I find, have passed very much of your time in the study of women, whether this is not a most unreasonable proceeding. Id. No. 492.

I am afraid the most charitable will hardly think it possible for me to be a daily spectatress of his vices without tacitly allowing them, and at last consenting to them. Idler, No. 42.

The paralytic, who can hold her cards,
But cannot play them, borrows a friend's hand,
To deal and shuffle, to divide and sort
Her mingled suits and sequences; and sits
Spectatress both and spectacle, a sad
And silent cipher, while her proxy plays.

Cowper. Task, b. i.

SPECTRE. Fr. Spectre; It. Spèttro; Sp. Espectro; Lat. Spectrum, from Specere, to see. See SPECIES.

Any thing seen; a vision, an apparition; a fantasm, a ghost or spirit.

Thus pass'd the night so foul, till morning fair
Came forth with pilgrim steps in amice gray:
Who with her radiant finger still'd the roar
Of thunder, chas'd the clouds, and laid the winds,
And grisly spectres, which the fiend had rais'd
To tempt the Son of God with terrors dire.

Milton. Paradise Regained, b. iv.

The ghosts of traitors from the bridge descend,
With bold fanatic spectres to rejoice:
About the fire into a dance they bend,
And sing their sabbath notes with feeble voice.
Dryden. Annus Mirabilis.

Com'st thou alive to view the Stygian bounds,
Where the wan spectres walk eternal rounds;
Nor fear'st the dark and dismal way to tread,
Throng'd with pale ghosts, familiar with the dead?

In grim array the grisly spectres rise,
Grin horrible, and, obstinately sullen,
Pass and repass, hush'd at the foot of night.

[They understood not Plato when he said that man doth sursum aspicere; for thereby was not meant to gape, or look upward with the eye, but to have his thoughts sublime; and not only to behold, but speculate their nature, with the eye of the understanding.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 1.
But now to goe on still with our astrologie and specula-
tion of heaven as wee have begun.
Holland. Plinie, b. xviii. c. 28.

For speculation turnes not to it selfe,
Till it hath trauail'd, and is married there
Where it may see it selfe: this is not strange at all.
Shakespeare. Troyl. & Cres. Act iii. sc. 3.
No, when light wing'd toyes

Of feather'd Cupid, seele with wanton dulnesse
My speculatiue, and offic'd instrument:
That my disports corrupt, and taint my businesse :
Let house-wiues make a skillet of my helme,
And all indigne, and base aduersities,
Make head against my estimation.

Id. Othello, Act i. sc. 3. You teach (though we learn not) a thing unknown To our late times, the use of specular stone, Though which all things within without were shown. Donne. To the Countess of Bedford. Look once more ere we leave this specular mount Westward much nearer by southwest. Milton. Paradise Regained, b. iv. [For who would not more readily learn] to draw, by setting a good picture before him, than by merely speculating upon the laws of perspective.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 2.

Furthermore Aristotle declares, that this speculation concerning the Deity, does constitute a particular science by it self, distinct from those other speculative sciences of physiology, and the pure mathematicks, so that there are all in all, three speculative sciences, distinguished by their several objects, physiology, the pure mathematicks, and theology or metaphysicks.—Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 416. Divers other instances might be produced, to manifest the requisiteness and advantageousness of some knowledge in mathematicks to a speculative naturalist. Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 431.

For if the light of reason may it self be extinguished, much more may the voice of conscience be drowned; which being a practical principle, is perpetually warred upon by our lusts, and passions, and sinful habits; whereas the other being a more speculative power, hath no contrary in the mind of man to struggle with.-Atterbury, vol. iv. Šer. 4.

It may be thought that in the three first chapters, I have discours'd more speculatively than 'tis fit in a book that is design'd for common use and edification.

Scott. Christian Life, Pref.

- Thy specular orb
Apply to well-dissected kernels; lo!
Strange forms arise, in each a little plant
Unfolds its boughs: observe the slender threads
Of first beginning trees, their roots, their leaves,
In narrow seeds describ'd.
J. Philips. Cider, b. i.

Although lapidaries and questuary enquirers affirm it, yet the writers of minerals, and natural speculators are of another belief, conceiving the stones which bear this name [toad stone] to be a mineral concretion.

Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iii. c. 13. My privileges are an ubiquitary, or circumambulatory, speculatory, interrogatory, redargutory immunity over all the privy lodgings.-Carew. Cœlum Britannicum.

The object in our case served for a specular body, to reflect that colour to the eye and you [must] not be startled, PyPope. Homer. Odyssey, b. xi. rophilus, that I should venture to say, that a rough and Rous'd from their slumbers, coloured object may serve for a speculum to reflect, &c. Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 693. Whatever preference therefore, in speculation, he might give to the republican form, he could not, with these principles, be practically an enemy to the government of kings. Bp. Horaley, vol. iii. Ser. 44. App. Sudden fortunes, indeed, are sometimes made in such culative merchant exercises no one regular, established, or well-known branch of business. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b i. c. 10.

SPECULATE, v.

SPECULATION.

SPECULATIST.

SPECULATIVE.

SPECULATIVELY.

SPE/CULAR.

SPE'CULATOR.

SPECULATORY.

SPE/CULUM.

Blair. The Grave.

Fr. Spéculer, spéculaire; It. Specolare; Sp. Specu- places, by what is called the trade of speculation. The spelar; Lat. Speculari, to see, to view. See SPECIES.

To see, to view, to look out or about; to observe, to consider, to contemplate; to look, or search or examine into ; to form or frame theories; to look forward to consequences; to try, venture, risk or hazard, to form or frame schemes, upon a view or prospect, (sc.) of beneficial or profitable results.

Lat. Specularis, Fr. Spéculaire,-that may be seen into or through, transparent; aiding or helping the sight.

Such wisdom, that in her lives speculation;
Such goodness that in her simplicity triumphs.
Sidney. Arcadia, b. li. '

Id. The Task, b. i. For conscience either signifies, speculatively, the judgment we pass of things upon whatever principles we chance to have; and then it is only opinion, a very unable judge and divider.

Warburton. Commentary on Mr. Pope's Essay on Man.

SPEED, v.

SPEED, R. SPE'EDER, N. SPE'EDFUL. SPEEDFULLY. SPE'EDLESS. SPE'EDY. SPE'EDILY. SPE'EDINESS.

Dut. Spoed, spoeden, festinatio, festinare; (derived by Kilian from the Gr. Zwoudn, haste.) A. S. Sped, a progress or proceeding, good speed or success, the event, an effect or bringing a thing to pass. Spedan, spedian, to go forward or proceed, to have good speed or success, to prosper. (See Somner.) Skinner says, perhaps from the It. Spedire; Lat. Expedire.

To go forward, to move, to come to an issue or event, to fare; to proceed, to advance; to get an advantage; to cause to succeed, to aid or assist; to proceed to the desired event, to a prosperous issue, without hinderance or opposition, easily, swiftly, quickly, expeditiously, hastily, with quick, swift or fast motion; to hasten, to dispatch.

The Cristyne were of the Saracens anony war byset,
And vor the Saracens were ywar, hem spedde wel the bet
R. Gloucester, p. 396
When Robert sauh & wist, how the conseile gede,
To the holy land him list, & thider gan him spede.
R. Brunne, p. 87.

Also the duke Henry with his fadere gede, With help of Normundie, the better mot he spede. Id. p. 109. Piers Ploukman, p. 59. If it bihoueth to haue glorie it spedith not. but I schal come to the visiouns and to the reuelaciouns of the lord. Wiclif. 2 Cor. c. 12.

Spar hit nat and thou shalt. spede the betere.

Alle thingis ben lefful to me, but not alle thingis ben spedeful.-Id. 1 Cor. c. 6.

And biseche if in ony maner sum tyme I haue a spedi weie in the wille of God to come to ghou-Id. Rom. c. 1.

The single man which is yet to wedde,
And not the wedded man, thus I rede,
To warne him now he is too farre spedde,
It is too late him to forbedde.

Chaucer. The Remedie of Loue.

I shall assaie at last to shewe and to speden, whan I haue firste ispended, and answured to thy reasons by whiche thou art moued, for I aske why thou wenest, that thilke reasons of hem that assoilen this question, ne bee not spedful inough ne sufficient. Id. Boecius, b. v.

Moche more than the thynges been absolute, and quicke fro all talentes, or affections of bodies, as God or his angels, ne folowen not in discernyng thynges obiect fro withoutforth, but thei accomplishen and speden, the deedes of hir thought. Id. Ib.

This ilke servant anon right out yede,
And his maister shette the dore anon,
And to hir labour spedily they gon.

Id. The Chanones Yemannes Tale, v. 16,609
And netheles great diligence
Thei setten vp thilke dede,

And spillen more than thei spede.-Gower. Con. 4. b. iv.

For I was further fro my loue

Than erthe is from the heauen aboue,

And for to speake of any spede

So wiste I me none other rede,

But as it were a man forsake.-Id. Ib. b. 1.

Which Constancius, after he had in due maner spede the nedys of the empyre, as in subduyng this lande of Brytayne, as before is sayde, he retourned agayn to Rome.

Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 67.

And I [Thorpe] said, Sir, syns I may not nowe otherwyse be beleued but by swearynge, I perceyue (as Augustine saithe) that it is not spedefull that ye that shold be my brothern sholde not beleue me: therefore I am redy by the worde of God, (as the Lorde commaunded me by his worde) to sweare.-State Trials. Hen. VIII. an. 4.

Sythe wee are in al these wretchednesses the more nedefull and necessary for vs is the spedeful helpe of almyghtye God.-Fisher. Penitential Psalms, Ps. 143.

This holye sacrafyce may spedefully moue the goodnes of almighty God to mercy forgiuenes, and is the very strength of oure penaunce.-Id. De Profundis.

That dreadfull sound the bosters hart did thrill
With such amazment, that in hast he fledd,
Ne ever looked back for good or ill;
And after him eke fearefull Trompart spedd.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 10.
Great Pan for Syrinx sake bid speed our plow.
Beaum. & Fletch. Faithful Shepherdess, Act II. sc. 1.
Speeder of nights spies
And guide of all her dreames obscurities.

Chapman. Homer. A Hymne to Hermes.

It obeys thy powers
And in their ship returne the speedlesse wowers.

Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. v.

The medley ended, Hercules

Did bring the Centaure bound To prison; whereas Megara In miserie he found:

(For Lycus, speedeles in his lust.

Warner. Albion's England, b. i. c. 6.

He, making speedy way through spersed ayre,
And through the world of waters wide and deepe,
To Morpheus house doth hastily repaire.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 1.

For which his faith with her he fast engaged,
And thousand vowes from bottome of his hart,
That, all so soone as he by wit or art
Could that atchieve whereto he did aspire,

He unto her would speedily revert.-Id. Ib. b. iv. c. 6.

The sinew forged string Did give a mighty twang; and forth the eager shaft did sing. (Affecting speedinesse of flight) amongst the achive throng. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. iv.

All understanding Homers intent was (as by the speedinesse of a mans thought or minde) to illustrate Junos swiftness in hasting about the commandement of Jupiter which was utterly otherwise.-Id. Ib. b. xv. Comment.

SPELL, n. SPELL, D. SPELFUL.

See SPIT.

Fr. Espeller, to join letters or syllables together, (Cotgrave ;) Dut. Spellen, explanare, (Ki

Spellen, to divide a word into letters and syllables, (Wachter, who derives the verb from spalten, findere, and the noun from the Gr. Пeλew, fieri.)

A. S. Spellian-to declare, to tell an history or tale; whence (by way of metaphor) our spelling of syllables or words: also, to teach, instruct, train up; whence our setting of one a spell, or lesson.

Spel,—a story or history, a speech, a rumour, a fable, a tale, discourse. Also, learning, doctrine, knowledge, teaching. And hence our spell, for a kind of incantation per sermones vel verba," (Somner.) See GOSPEL.

To tell, to teach, to relate; to declare, to explain, to interpret; to learn, to read; to speak of utter words or their separate and distinct syllables to utter words of charm or inchantment (incantare carmen); to charm, to inchant.

A spell, a tale, &c. a charm; a spell or lesson, (as Somner calls it,) i. e. a task to be performed; a task, a set portion of work; a turn, or share of work.

Mr. Tyrwhitt says,— Quad spel is ill play.
Bot that thise lowed men vpon Inglish tellis,
Right story can me not ken, the certeynte what spellis.
R. Brunne, p. 25.

Now hold your mouth pour charite,

Bothe knight and lady fre,

And herkeneth to my spell,

Of bataille and chevalrie,

Of ladies love and druerie,

Anon I woll you tell.-Chaucer. Rime of Sire Thopas. A man may say ful soth in game and play "Thou sayst ful soth," quod Roger, "by my fay; But soth play quade spel, as the Fleming saith." Id. The Cokes Prologue, v. 4353.

And may at last my weary age
Find out thy peaceful hermitage,
The hairy gown and mossie cell,
Where I may sit and rightly spell
Of every star that heav'n doth shew,
And every herb that sips the dew;
Till old Experience do attain

To something like prophetic strain.-Milton. Il Penseroso.

A better senator ne'er held

The helm of Rome, when gowns not arms repell'd
The fierce Epirot and the African bold,
Whether to settle peace, or to unfold

The drift of hollow states hard to be spell'd.
Id. To Sir Henry Vane
Cries the stall-reader, Bless me! what a word on
A title page is this! and some in file
Stand spelling false while one might walk to Mile
End Green.
Id.

And, as the old swain said, she can unlock
The clasping charin, and thaw the numming spell,
If she be right invok'd in warbled song.-Id. Comus
Which doen, he balmes and herbes thereto applyde,
And evermore with mightie spels them charmd;
That in short space he has them qualifyde,
And him restord to helth, that would have algates dyde.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6.

Al. Nothing Madam,
But only thinking what strange spells these rings have,
And how they work with some.

Beaum. & Fletch. The Loyal Subject, Act ii. sc. 2. [He] has made this a play for his children, that he shall win, who, at one cast, throws most words on these four dice; whereby his eldest son, yet in coats, has play'd himself into spelling, with great eagerness, and without once having been chid for it, or forced to it. Locke. Of Education, § 151. Yet not all it's pride secures The grand retreat from injuries impress'd By rural carvers, who with knives deface The pannels, leaving an obscure, rude name, In characters uncouth, and spelt amiss.

Cowper. Task, b. i. Books are not seldom talismans and spells, By which the magic art of shrewder wits Holds an unthinking multitude enthrall'd.-Id. Ib. b. vi. Here, while his eyes the learned leaves peruse, Each spelful mystery explain'd he views.

Hoole. Orlando Furioso, b. xv.

Fr. Espeaultre; It. Spelda or spelta; Sp. Spelta; Dut. Spelte; Ger. Spelt. Wachter says, the word to him denotes-granum fissum, a split grain, from spalten, to split.

Spelted beans are splitted or split beans. Spelter, Thomson calls-a demi-inetal. PEWTER.

See

They that use zea or spelt, have not the fine red wheat far.-Holland. Plinie, b. xviii. c. 8.

Feed geese with oats, spelted beans, barley meal, or ground malt mixed with beer.-Mortimer.

I have sometimes made even these fall to the bottom of the vessel, by leaving a lump or two of speller there for two or three days: for, not only those metalline corpuscles, that were just over or near to the determinate place, where I put the spelter, but also all the rest, into how remote parts soever of the liquor they were diffused, did settle upon the speller, as appeared both by its increase of bulk, and by their leaving the water clear and colourless.

Boyle. Works, vol. i. p. 394.

SPEND, v. It. Spendere; Fr. Despendre; Spender. Sp. Despender; Dut. Spenden; SPENDING, n. Ger. Spenden; Sw. Spendera; SPENDTHRIFT. A. S. Spend-an, aspendan. SPENCE, n. Junius suggests the Gr. ZwevdEw, to pour, to offer a libation, (sc. to the gods) and thence extended to any offering. Wachter has no doubt that all are from the Lat. Pendere (prefix S), to weigh. See EXPEND.

To weigh out, to deal, distribute, dispose of (in weighed portions); to disburse, to part with; to bestow, employ or lay out; to part with (wholly), to waste, to exhaust, to consume; to waste, to wear out; to wear away.

Or heav'n write aught of fate. by what the stars
Voluminous, or single characters,

In their conjunction met, give me to spell,
Sorrows, and labours, opposition, hate,

Attend thee.-Milton. Paradise Regained, b. iv.

Spenser, one who dispenses. See DISPEND and DISPENCE, and Spens, in Jamieson. Spendthrift,-a spendthrift heir, (Locke.) One who spends, (lavishly, wastefully, prodigally,) the earnings, the savings of thriftiness.

A sepndour that spende mot-Piers Plouhman, p. 76. And a womman hadde ben in the blodi fixe twelve yeer, and hadde resseyved many thingis of ful many lechis, and hadde spendid al hir good, and was nothing amendid, but was rather the worse.-Wiclif. Mark, c. 5.

And there was a certayne woman, which was diseased of an yssue of blood xii. yeares, & had suffred many thynges of many phisicions, and had spent al yt she had, and felt none amédement at al, but waxed worse and worse. Bible, 1551. Ib.

For who of you willinge to bilde a tour; wher he first sitte not and kountith the spencis that ben nedeful, if he haue to performe?-Wiclif. Luk, c. 14.

Not auarice the foule caitife
Was baife to gripe so ententife
As largesse is, to yeue and spend.

Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose.

Fat as a whale, and walken as a swan;
Al vinolent as botel in the spence;
Hir praier is of ful gret reverence.

Id. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7512.

And netheles me semeth so,

For ought that thou hast yet misdo
Of tyme, whiche thou hast spended,

It maie with grace ben amended.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.
But the verye grounde

Was for to compounde

With Elynour in the spence

To paye for her expence.-Skelton. Elinour Rumming.
Yf that be trew, who may him selfe so happy call,

As I, whose free and sumptius [uous] spence doth shyne beyonde them all?-Surrey. Ecclesiastes, c. 3.

For better is coste upon somewhat worth, than spence upon nothinge worth.-Ascham. Toxophilus, b. ii.

But if they wolde go forthe with hym, and to take suche fortune as falleth, other good or yuell, if good fortune and wynnyng fall, they to haue their part, so that they demaunde no wages, nor for losse of horse nor spence, nor damage that they maye happen to haue. Berners. Froissart. Cronycle, vol. i. c. 206. But I in armes, and in atchievements brave, Do rather choose my flitting houres to spend, And to be lord of those that riches have, Then them to have my selfe, and be their servile sclave. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 7.

For he had touched an article in the instructions to the

commissioners, who were to leuie the beneuolence; that if they met with any that were sparing, they should tell them, that they must needs haue, because they laid vp; and if they were spenders, they must needs haue, because it was seene in their port, and manner of liuing. Bacon. Hist. of Hen. VII.

Oh what a price would he [a Barbell] have borne among our gluttons here with us! what would he have cost our prodigall spendthrifts, if hee had been taken upon our coasts neere Rome?-Holland Plinie, b. ix. c. 18.

The Trojans, worn with toils, and spent with woes, Leap on the welcome land, and seek their wish'd repose. Dryden. Virgil. Eneis, b. i. Most men, like spendthrift heirs, are apt to judge a little in hand better than a great deal to come; and so, for small matters in possession, part with greater ones in reversion. Locke. Hum. Underst, b. ii. c. 21.

That portion of his revenue which a rich man annually spends is, in most cases, consumed by idle guests and menial servants, who leave nothing behind them in return for their consumption.—Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. ii. c. 3.

This complaint, however, of the scarcity of money, is not always confined to improvident spendthrifts. Id. Ib. b. iv. c. 1. The Great Mogul's wealth, and revenues, treasure or spendings.-Whitelock. Manners of the English, p. 404. SPE'RABLE. Į See DESPERATE. Lat. Spe

SPE'RATE. } rare, to hope.

That may be hoped.

We may cast it away, if it be found but a bladder, and discharge it of so much as is vain and not sperable.—Bacon.

We have spent much time in distinguishing between the sperate and desperate debts of the clergy

Repr. to Q. Anne, in Ecton's St. of Q. A.'s Bounty, (1721.) SPE'RAGE. See SPARAGUS.

SPERE. Dut. Speuren; Ger. Spuren; A. S. Spyr-ian, to search out by the track or trace, to inquire and make diligent search. Lanc.-To Spirre, (Somner.) See Spere in Jamieson.

To search or seek to inquire, to ask, to request, to desire.