To make nature and the material forms of bodies to be one and the self-same thing, is all one as if one should make the seal (with the stamper too) to be one and the same thing, with the signature upon the wax. Cudworth. Intellectual System, b. i. c. 3. It must be written on stamped paper, for instance; it must be signed and sealed, and executed before witnesses. Gilpin, vol iii. Ser. 23. Hence the origin of coined money, and of those public offices called mints; institutions of exactly the same nature with those of the aulnagers and stump-masters of woolen and linen cloth.-Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 4. STANCH, or STAUNCH, V. STANCH, adj. STANCH, R. STA'NCHING, N. STANCHION. STA'NCHLESS. STA'NCHNESS. Fr. Estuncher; It. Stagnère; Sp. Estancar, from the Lat. Stagnare, to stay or stop from flowing, (sc. the blood, instar stagni.) To stay or stop-the current; to cease-from flowing: generally, to stay, to stop: and hence the adj.-Stopped or stayed; steady, steadfast; firm, fixed, inflexible. Stanchion,-Fr. Estanson, a prop or stay. Fr. Estancer, to stop or stay, to prop or uphold. His herte gaf tille dame Blanche, if hir wille wer therto, & holy kirke wild stanche sibred bituex tham tuo, Hire than wild he wedde. R. Brunne, p. 253. But couetise of men, that may not be staunched, shall it binde me to be stedfaste, sythen that stedfastenesse is vncouthe to my maners -Chaucer. Boecius, b. ii. Who shall than yeue me a contrarious drinke, to staunch the thrust of my blisfull bitternes ? Id. The Testament of Loue, b. i. And downe he light, and by the brinke Gower. Con. A. b. i. O frendship, flour of flowers, O liuely sprite of lyfe, O sacred bond of blissful peace, the stalworth stanch of strife-Poems of Vncertaine Auctors. On Frendship. I wil staunche his floudes, and the great waters shal be restrayned.-Bible, 1551. Ezechiel, c. 31. The foresayde erle sette fyre vpon a syde of the cytie and brent a great parte thereof, as well churchys as other, whiche fyre was scantly stenchyd in viii. dayes after. Fabyan. Chronycle, an. 8. John (of France.) When he hath thus done, he stoppeth the orifice again with mud, and so stancheth the bloud, and healeth up the wound.-Holland. Plinie, b. viii. c. 26. erect position; distinguished from-to lie, to sit, to kneel. To be, or cause to be or become, in an erect, upright posture; to rest, to remain, to abide, to continue erect, firm, fixed; motionless;—firm, secure ;-to stop, stay, cease, or cause to stop or stay, or cease from motion, from falling; to halt; to be or cause to be, to put or place, to stay, remain in hold or keep any place, position, state, or condition; any way or path-course or direction. Stand, used with prepositions, has various consequential applications; as to stand by, or stand up; as assistant, friend, advocate, defender, coadjutor;-to assist, to befriend, to aid or abet. To stand out, (sc.)—in opposition or resistance, to persist. It is also thus used as equivalent to other compounds of the Lat. Sistere. To assist, to consist, to insist, to persist, to resist. Standard,- -a standard tree, (distinguished from a dwarf,) one that stands-upon a tall trunk. A standard,-around which soldiers or others stand or place themselves. A standard,-(of measure, of fineness, &c.) that by which quantity or quality is fixed or regulated, rated, estimated, valued. Standish,-for pens to stand in. He gedere ys ost anon To werre, & to stonde a geyn the Romaynes ys fon. Id. p. 219. And Jhesus stood and clepide hem and seide, what wolen ye that I do to you? Thei seyen to him, Lord that oure yghen be opened.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 20. Then Jesus stode styll, and called the, and sayde: what wyll ye that I shoulde do to you; they sayde to hym: Lorde that our eyes maye be opened.-Bible, 1551. Ib. And he gede out aboute the thridde houre and sigh othere stondynge ydel in the chepyng: and he seide to hem go ye also in to my vyneyerd.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 20. And he wet out about the third houre, & sawe other For the staunching of bloud, they use also the ashes of standyng ydel in the market place, and sayde vnto them, frogs-Id. Ib. b. xxxii. c. 10. Mal. With this, there growes In my most ill-compos'd affection, such A stanchlesse auarice, that were I king, I should cut off the nobles for their lands. Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act iv. sc. 3. It should make us staunch and cautious of grounding Judgment or censure upon present events about any cause, or any person.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 22. If some staunch hound, with his authentic voice, Avow the recent trail, the justling tribe Attend his call, then with one mutual cry Having once, to try the stanchness of the phial, blown in so much air (without taking out any thing as we use to do in the like case) that the air in the cavity of the phial raised and kept the quick-silver three inches high in the pipe. Boyle. Workes, vol. iii. p. 184. Some of the staunchest friends of the people, men brought into the country at the revolution, owing all their honours and emoluments to it, and hitherto professed and zealous Whigs, deserted the standard of liberty, and took distinguished posts under the banners of the enemy. STAND, v. Knox. The Spirit of Despotism. When all the parts are prepared, the keel is laid upon blocks, and the planks being supported by stanchions, are sewed or clamped together with strong thongs of plaiting. Cook. First Voyage, b. i. c. 18. Goth. and A. S. Stand an ; Dut. Standen, staen; Ger. Stehen; Sw. Staa; Lat. Stare; Gr. Σrnyaι; A. S. Standard; Dut. Standaerd; Ger. Standart; Sw. STA'NDISH. Standar; Fr. Estandart; It. Stendàrdo; Sp. Estandarte. STANDARD. STA'NDEL. STA'NDER. STANDING, n. Applied to the position of the human body,To stand, to be, to rest upon the feet in an VOL. II. go ye also in to my vyneyarde.-Bible, 1551. Ib. Ye shul understond also, that fasting stont in three thinges in forbering of bodily mete and drinke, in forbering of worldly jolitee, and in forbering of dedly sinne; this is to say, that a man shall kepe him fro dedly sinne with all his might.-Chaucer. The Persones Tale. The people stode in obeisance And peace with vnrightewisenesse keste But the yong spring there, and everie where else, was pitifullie nipt and over-troden by very beastes; and also the fairest standers of all were rooted up, and cast into the fire. Ascham. Schole-master, b. ii. Wise men do know, that meane lookers on may trewlie say, for a well made picture; "This face had been more comlie, if that hie redde in the cheeke were somwhat more pure sanguin than it is:" and yet the slander by cannot amend it himselfe by any way.-Id. Ib. Some that were heretikes in dede, would for the great estimacyo y Origene was in through al yt church, auaunce i their owne heresies forwarde vnder the name and standerd of hys famous authoritie.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 410. Knights banerets are made in the fielde, with the cere monie of cutting of the point of his standert, & making it as it were a banner.-Smith. Commonwealth, b i. c. 18. But those two other, which beside them stoode, Prodigious wits! that study to confound 1809 She tooke her horrid stand Vpon Vlysses huge blacke barke, that did at anchor ride, Drayton. The Battle of Agincourt. In warlike state the royal standard borne He said; and swiftly through the troupes, a mortall lance The commissioners of this county did not over-weary themselves in working, when they returned these persons; presenting no under wood, yea, no standels, but onely tymber oaks, men of great wealth and worship in this shire. Fuller. Worthies. Northumberland. Care was taken in the reign of king Henry the eighth (when woods were in a far better condition than now adays) for the preserving of the standells of beech. Id. Ib. Buckinghamshire. The law was given with terrors and noises, with amazements of the standers by, and Moses himself the minister did exceedingly quake and fear.-Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 7. I have newly made, at least an essay of my invention, at least in the structure of a little poor standish, of so contemptible value, as I dare offer it to your Lordship without offence of your integrity.-Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, p. 339 The French have set up purity for the standard of their language; and a masculine vigour is that of ours. Dryden. Eneis, Ded. Your cavalcade the fair spectators view, "Take your desert, the death you have decreed; By Mars, the patron of my arms, you die." Id. Palamon & Arcite. "What well? what weapon?" (Flavia cries) It came from Bertrand's, not the skies; Pope. On receiving from Lady Shirley a Standish and It is therefore necessary to have recourse to some visible, palpable, material standard; by forming a comparison with which, all weights and measures may be reduced to one uniform size: and the prerogative of fixing this standard our antient law vested in the crown. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 7. Labour alone, therefore, never varying in its own value, is alone the ultimate and real standard by which the value of all commodities can at all times and places be estimated and compared.--Smith, Wealth of Nations, b. i c. 5. STANG. A. S. Stang, steng; Dut. Stanghe; Ger. Stang, a pole. It. Stanga, a bar or post, from the A. S. Sting-an, to push into, to sting, (pungere), and as the Lat. Contus, from Gr. KEVTEW, (pungere), — A pole, a long bar, post, shaft of cart, &c.; and (as pole also is) applied to a measure of length. These fields were intermingled with woods of half a stang, and the tallest trees, as I could judge, appeared to be 7 feet high.-Swift. Voyage to Lilliput, c. 2. STANK, adj is probably a consequential usage of stanch, as the Fr. Estanche,-stanched, slaked, quenched, quailed, (Cotgrave.) Hob Diggon I am so stiffe and so stanck, That uneth may I stand any more. Spenser. The Shepheard's Calender. September. STANK. Fr. Estany, a great pend, pool or standing water, (Cotgrave.) G. Douglas also uses this word, and the Gloss, derives it from the Lat. Stagnum. It has probably no other origin than the preceding stank, See STANCH. Ray calls it "a dam, or bank to stop water." Whan thei had wele reden, that tham thouht righe lang They lighted and abiden biside a water stank. R. Brunne, p. 68. And fand æne stank that florirt from a well. G. Douglas. Eneados, b. vii. 10 X To each of these (quarters] is assigned by the Lord Warden, a steward, who keepeth his court once in euery three weekes: they are termed stannery courts, of the Latine stannum, in Englishe Tynne, and hold plea of whatsoever action of debt or trespasse whereto any one dealing with blacke or white tynne either as plaintife or defendant, is a party.-Carew. Suruey of Cornwall, fol. 18. She hath also laid vpon you the charge of a gouernement in your owne countrie, where you are to command manie people by your honourable office of the stannarie, and where you are both a iudge and chancellor, to rule in iustice and to iudge in equitie.-Holinshed. Chronycle, Ep. Ded. If by publick law the mint were ordained to be onely supplied by our stunnaries how currantly would they pass for more precious than si ver mines? Bp. Hall. Select Thoughts. The stannary courts in Devonshire and Cornwall, for the administration of justice among the tinners therein, are also courts of record, but of the same private and exclusive nature.-Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iii. c. 6. STA'NYEL. The first folio of Shakespeare reads stallion; Hanmer changed it into stanyel, the common stone-hawk, which inhabits old buildings and rocks. In the North called stanchil, (Steevens.) To. And with what wing the stallion checkes at it? Shakespeare. Twelfth Night, Act ii. sc. 5. To prevent this daunger therefore, the doves need to have with them the bird which is called Tinnunculus, i. a kestrill, or stannell: for she defendeth them, and (by a certaine naturall power that she hath) skareth and terrifieth all other hawkes: insomuch, as they cannot abide either to see her, or to heare her crie.-Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 37. STANZA. Fr. Stance, a staff of verses, (Cotgrave;) It. Stanza; Sp. Estancia; a staying place, dwelling place. Also, A pause or stay; a staff or stave, or set number of lines; at the end of which the metrical versification stays or stops-and resumes or recurs again. Therefore (but not without new-fashioning the whole frame) I chose Ariosto's stanza, of all other the most compleat and best proportioned, consisting of eight; six interwoven or alternate, and a couplet in base. Drayton. Barons' Wars, Pref. I have chosen to write my poem in quatrains, or stanzas of four alternate rhyme, because I have ever judged them more noble and of greater dignity, both for the sound and number, than any other verse in use amongst us. Dryden. Let. to Sir R. Howard. The poet having made choice of a certain number of verses to constitute his strophe, or first stanza, was obliged to observe the same in his antistrophe, or second stanza. Congreve. Disc. on the Pindaric Ode. } STAPLE, adj. Fr. Estape; Dut. Stapel; STA'PLE, n. Ger. Stapel; Sw. Stapel; STA'PLER. the staple of a door, &c. a staple mart or market. A. S. Stapel, stapol, stapul, the staple of a door, &c., so called (says Skinner) quia ostium stabilit et fulcit, because it props the door, and renders it stable, fixed, firm. Staple in all its other applications seems to have the same origin, i.e. stable, established. (Dut. Stapelen, stabilire.) A staple market, - an established market or port; a market or port established by law or ordinance; generally,- -a mart or market, an emporium, a place of resort. A staple commodity,—a commodity, the trade in, or manufacture of which, is in any place (more than other) established, settled, regular, and, consequentially, there the principal or chief. Also, a commodity subject to the king's staple or place established for paying imports. From the old statute it appears that staple was applied to a district, as the staple of Westminster, extending from Temple Bar to Tothill. (See Rastell.) Hence the staple granted to the Abbies. Whan kyng Edwarde was thus stablysshed in this realme, great sute and labour was made to hym for the repayment of the foresayd. xviii. M. li. to hym and other dyleueryd by stapelers.-Fabyan. Chronycle. Edw. III. an. 1463. Also they haue a maior and officers of the staple yearelie to be chosen, who haue the liberties for taking of statutes and recognisances staple, within their owne towne & concerning themselues Holinshed. Chronicles of Irelande, an. 1576. Merch. Sirrah, I'll make you know you are my prentice, And whom my charitable love redeem'd Even from the fall of fortune gave the heat And growth, to be what now thou art, new cast thee, Adding the trust of all I have at home, In forreign staples, or upon the sea Beaum. & Fletch. Knight of the Burning Pestle, Act i. sc. 1. The Spaniards notwithstanding they are the masters of the staple of jewels, stood astonished at the beauty of these, and confessed themselves to be put down. Howell, b. i. Let. 1. I have now made a resolution to plant a staple whensoever we shall be separated, to venture my whole poor stock in traffique with you, finding the return so ganeful unto me. Reliquiæ Wottonianæ, p. 414. I say had this vineyard been there, it had disinherited Tempe of its honour; and hence the poets would have dated all their delights as from a little paradise, and staple-place of earthly pleasure.-Fuller. Worthies. Hartfordshire. He also graunted libertie of coyning to certaine cities and abbeies, allowing them one staple, and two puncheons at a rate, with certaine restrictions.-Camden. Remaines. Money. This city of Amsterdam, tho she be a great staple of news, yet I can impart none unto you at this time, and I will defer that till I come to the Hague.-Howell, b. i. Let. 5. The kingdom abounds in rich staple commodities, as silks, cottons, and wine, and there is a mighty revenue comes to the crown.-Id. Let. 39. They [the English] throve so well, that they took the whole trade into their own hands, and so divided themselves (tho they be now but one) to staplers and merchant-adventures, the one residing constant in one place, where they kept their magazine of wool, the other stirring, and adventuring to divers places abroad with cloth, and other manufactures.-Id. Let. 3. The silver ring she pull'd, the door reclos'd, To the strong staple's inmost depth restor'd, Pope. Homer, Odyssey, b. i. The staple of this commerce to and from Manila, was removed from Callao on the coast of Peru, to the port of Acapulco on the coast of Mexico.-Anson. Voyages, b. ii. c.10. And while each little author struts Fenton. Knight of the Sable Shield. These [customs on wool, skins, and leather,] were formerly called the hereditary customs of the crown; and were due on the exportation only of the said three commodities, and of none other: which were styled the staple commodities of the kingdom, because they were obliged to be brought to these ports where the king's staple was established, in order to be there first rated, and then exported. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 8. STAR. STA'RRED. STA'RLESS. STARLIKE. STARLIGHT, adj. STARLIGHT, n. STARLIT, adj. STA'RRY. Goth. Stairn; A. S. Steorra; Dut. Sterre; Ger. Stern; Sw. Stiern; Gr. Αστηρ. Wachter supposes from the Ger. Steuren, to rule, (to steer,) from the influence attributed to the stars in the government of human affairs. The A. S. Stir-an, to steer, to stir, to move, (Ger. Steuren,) is probably the origin of our word star; and the name may have been given to the glittering luminaries of the sky from their apparent perpetual motion or twinkling. says (upon the authority of Becan), that starre is which is peculiar to the stars, especially to those the continual, the perpetual quivering (vibratio) which, on account of their remote distance, are perceived continually to glitter. Kilian Instead of starlight and moonlight, adj. modern refinement is attempting to introduce the past part. star-lit and moon-lit;—there is no reason for an entire change. Rigte aboute the kynge's deth, in the firmament an hey The tethe ger a sterre, that comete ycluped ys, At Alle Halwyn tyd hym ssewede vyftene nygt ywys, Kynde wol gow telle We Saying where is he that is borne kynge of Jewes? haue sene his større in the east, and are come to worshyp him-Bible, 1551. Ib. Thus hath this pitous day a blisful end; Chaucer. The Clerkes Tale, v. 8934. And. iiii. he hath vpon his ende: Thus goeth he sterred in his kende.-Gower. Con. A. b.vii. So is he [Taurus] not there sterreles. Ossa was layde on Pindus backe, And thus they thought to bring to sack in time the starrie skie. Id. Ib. Id. Jb. Turbervile. Myrrour of the Fall of Pride. If Mars mooue warre, as starcoonners can tel, And poets eke in fables use to faine. Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre. Let now the astrologers, the starre gasers, and prognosticatours stand vp, & saue thee from these things, that shal come vpon thee.-Bible, 1583. Isa. xlvii. 13. And though also that al the ceremonies, & sacrifices haue as it were a starvelight of Christ, yet some there be that haue as it were the lyght of the broad day, a little before the sonne rising.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 12. The which, more eath it were for mortall wight Globose, and every magnitude of starvs, (Star'd most vnluckily) is from my breast Shakespeare. The Winter's Tale, Act iii, sc. 2 Milton. Il Penseroso. Whereat he wondred much, and gan enquere, Her lofty towres unto the starry sphere, — Jupiter, with a contracted brow Thus answerd Mars: thou many minds, inconstant changling thou, Sit not complaining thus by me; whom most of all the gods Innabiting the starrie hill) I hate. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. v Ægyptian wisards old, Which in star-read were wont have best insight. Spenser. Faerie Queene. As when the stars in their etherial race, At length have roll'd around the liquid space, At certain periods they resume their place, From the same point of heaven their course advance, And move in measures of their former dance. Dryden. To her Grace the Duchess of Ormond. And owls, that mark the setting sun, declare Id. Virgil. Georgics, b. i. Thy gloomy grandeurs (nature's most august, Their sabbath hold, and potent spells compose, Dark in comparison, when this was done, Byrom. A Memorial Abstract. STAR-BOARD. A. S. Steorbord; Dut. Stierboord, stuyr-boord. Somner calls it The right hand or side of the ship. Kilian adds to this quod nauclerus occupat, locus naucleri,-which the steersman occupies; the place or station of the steers-man or sterns-man. 1 Sail. Stand in, stand in, we are all lost else, lost and perish'd. Mast. Steer her a star-board there. Beaum. & Fletch. The Sea-Voyage, Act i. sc. I. The fury of the wind still lasted, and took the ship on the starboard-bow with such violence, that it snapt off the boltsprit and fore-mast both at once, and blew the ship all along, ready to over-set it.-Dampier. Voyages, an. 1687. "Starboard again!" the watchful pilot cries, "Starboard!" th' obedient timoneer replies; Then back to port, revolving at command, The wheel rolls swiftly through each glowing hand. Falconer. The Shipwreck, c. 3. STARCH, adj. STA'RCHNESS. stiff, formal, precise. Starch, adj. is stark, (qv.) by the common change of k into ch; and means Strong; firm, stiff. Starch, the noun That which strengthens, or stiffens; (met.) starch is Starchness is not an uncommon word. Touching starch-flower called Amylum, it may be made of all kinds of wheat, and of the fine corne siligo, i. winter wheat; but the principall is that which they make of the three-month or summer wheat. Wee are beholden to the Island Chios for the invention of starch; and even at this day, the very best is that which commeth from thence; called it is in Greeke Amylum, because it never came into the mill, nor was ground upon stones. Holland, Plinie, b. xviii. c. 8. I'm but froth; Much like a new thing calv'd, or come more nearer Sir, Y'ave seen a cluster of frog spawns in April, E'en such a starch am I, as weak and tender As a green woman yet. Beaum. & Fletch. The Nice Valour, Act iii. sc. 1. Mistriss Turner, the first inventress of yellow starch, was executed in a cobweb lawn ruff of that colour at Tyburn. Howell, b. i. Let. 2. Maci. Nay, prithee leave; what's he there? Car. Who? this in the starched beard? it's the dull stiff knight Puntarvolo, man. B. Jonson. Every Man out of his Humour, Act iv. sc. 4. "Ten thousand furies on his steps awaited, Some sear'd his harden'd soul with Stygian brand: Some with black terrors his faint conscience baited, That wide he star'd, and starched hair did stand." P. Fletcher. The Purple Island, c. 7. When Philips came forth, as starch as a Quaker, In answer to all this, I might with good pretence enough talk starchly, and affect ignorance of what you would be at. Swift. Lett. in Sheridan's Life, 1704. Chancing to smile at the moor's deportment, as not answering to the starchedness of his own nation. L. Addison. West Barbary, p. 105. STAR-CHAMBER. A chamber commonly so called for one of the reasons mentioned in the quotation from Smith. But Blackstone suggests that starr in our ancient records is a corruption of the Hebrew word Shetar, a covenant, and that this chamber was appointed for the registry spoken of in the second quotation below from his Commentaries. See also the quotation from Pennant. [They] doe sit in a place which is called the starre-chamber, eyther because it is full of windowes, or because at the first all the roofe thereof was decked with images of starres gilted. Smith. Commonwealth, b. iii. c. 4. He [the king's attorney, Heath] preferred another information against Chambers in the star-chamber, setting forth the king's gracious government, the great privileges of the merchants, and the small duties they paid. Whitelock. Memor. of English Affairs, p. 13. Into this court of king's bench hath reverted all that was good and salutary of the jurisdiction of the court of starchamber, which was a court of very antient original, but new modelled by statutes 3 Hen. VII. c. 1. and 21 Hen. VIII. c. 20. consisting of divers lords spiritual and temporal, being privy counsellors, together with two judges of the courts of common law, without the intervention of any jury. Blackstone. Commentaries, b. iv. c. 19. The failure of the general register established by king Richard the first, for the starrs or mortgages made to Jews, in the capitula de Judacis, of which Hoveden has preserved a copy. Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 20. That court of justice, so tremendous in the Tudor and part of the Stuart reign, the star-chamber, still keeps its name; which was not taken from the stars with which its roof is said to have been painted, (which were obliterated even before the reign of queen Elizabeth) but from the starra (Hebrew shetar) or Jewish covenants, which were deposited there by order of Richard I. in chests under three locks. No starr was allowed to be valid except found in those repositories: here they remained till the banishment of the Jews by Edward I.-Pennant. London, p. 122. STERN. To look or gaze eagerly or earnestly; with Hue was wonderliche wroth. that Wit so me tauhte Id. Ib. b. ii. c. 7. The pale assistants on each other star'd, Id. Theodore & Honoria. A starer is not usually a person to be convinced by the reason of the thing; and a fellow that is capable of shewing an impudent front before a whole congregation, The taylors, starchers, semsters. and can bear being a publick spectacle, is not so easily Marston. Com. of What You Will. rebuked as to amend by admonitions.-Spectator, No. 20. This terrible object stares our speculative inquirer in the face, and disturbs his head. Bolingbroke. The Occasional Writér When the performers all the while Mechanically frown or smile, Or, with a dull and stupid stare, A vacancy of sense declare.-Churchill. The Ghost, b. iv STARE, n. A. S. Stær ; Dut. Sterre, starre; STA'RLING. Ger. Staar; Fr. Estorneau;' It. Stornello; Sp. Estornino; Lat. Sturnus, from the Gr. Top-Ew, sternere, quia se magna vi sternat humi ex alto. And he that hath nothyng but langage only, maye be no more praysed than a popiniay, a pye or a stare, when they speak featly.-Sir T. Elyot. Governour, b. i. c. 13. The two Cæsars also, the young princes, (to wit, Germanicus and Drusus) had one stare, and sundrie nightingales, taught to parle Greeke and Latine. Moreover, they would studie upon their lessons, and meditate all day long: and from day to day come out with new words still, yea, and were able to continue a long speech and discourse. Holland. Plinie, b. x. c. 42. Puffins (as thicke as starlings in a fen) Were fetcht from thence. Browne. Britannia's Pastorals, b. ii. s. 1. The stare distinguishable from the rest of this tribe [th sparrow] by the glossy green of its feathers, in some lights, and the purple in others, breeds in hollow trees, eaves of houses, towers, ruins, cliffs, and often in high rocks over the sea.-Goldsmith. Animated Nature, b. v. c. 2. The starling visits Italy in February, migrates in October. Pennant. British Zoology. The Stare. STARK. STARKLY. STARKNESS. A. S. Starc, stearc; Ger. Starck; Dut. Sterk; Sw. Stark. Wachter thinks the Ger. Stark is from starren, rigere, to stiffen, (q.d. starr-ig, starck.) Ihre and Kilian consider the Dut. and Sw. to be equivalent to the English. Strong; firm, confirmed, established,-to the utmost degree. Thise monkes stoute & stark, to spede wele thei wend, And she that helmed was in starke stoures, Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14,376. He is a starke heretike, it wer euen almous to burne hym. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 381. But Tyndal as soone as he heard of my name, without any respect of honestye fell in a rage with me and all to rated me, and called me starke heretike, and that ye starkest that euer was.-Id. Ib. p. 410. These men had naturally that in their owne bodies, which like a deadly bane and poyson would kill all serpents: for the very aire and sent that breathed from them, was able to Holland. Plinie, b. vii. c. 2. Amint. This earth of mine doth tremble, and I feel A stark affrighted motion in my blood: My soul grows weary of her house, and I All over am a trouble to my self. stupifie and strike them starke dead. Beaum. & Fletch. The Maid's Tragedy, Act v. 2. Boor. Stark beer, boy, stout and strong beer. Id. Beggar's Bush, Act iii. sc. 1. Thou dy'edst a most rare body, of melancholly. How found you him? Arui. Starke, as you see. Shakespeare. Cymbeline, Act iv. sc. 4. Either he, or you, or both Beaum. & Fletch. The Scornful Lady, Act ii. sc. 1. A discarded statesman, that at his first landing appeared stark staring mad, would become calm in a week's time. Aler, No. 125. See STERLING. STARLING. START, n. Skinner thinks it may be START, V. derived from the A. S. Styr-an, STARTER. movere, commovere, (to stir,) STARTING, n. to move; and of this verb, STARTINGLY. Tooke considers it to be the STA'RTLE, V. past part. Stirred, stir'd, stirt, STARTLE, n. stert, sturt, or start. G. Douglas writes Sturt; our old authors, Stert. A start,—a motion or emotion; usually applied to a short, sudden motion, or emotion; short, sudden, actions; interrupted, returning at intervals;-contraction, convulsion. See the quotation from Bacon. To get the start,—the first motion; to gain an advance or advantage. To start, to move or cause to move; to rouse, raise, or excite; to move suddenly, (with contraction, convulsion, agitation, alarm.) Startle, the dim. of start, is commonly used when the motion arises from surprise, alarm, affright. He was first that stirte to lond out of the boote, R. Brunne, p. 159. But one Lilla ye kynges trusty seruaunt, disgarnysshed of shylde or other wepyn, to defende his mayster, start betwene ye kyng & the swerde, and was stryken thoroughe ye body & dyed.-Fabyan. Chroncyle, c. 130. Longe tyme after ye deth of the sayd: Rosamounde, in the sayd abbey was shewed a cofer of the sayd wenches, of ye legth of ii fote, i the which apered feyghtynge geauntes, stertlynge of beestys, swymynge of fysshes & fleynge of fowlys.-Id. Ib. c. 238. And skornefully he cast At hir a frowning glaunce, Which made the mayde to striue for spech, And stirlling from hir traunce. Gascoigne. The Complaynt of Phylomene. Men report, that at the last convocation, ye spake many things which ye could not well defend; and therefore it is not greatly feared what ye can say or write in that matter, howsoever ye be quykkened and startled. Burnet. Records, vol. i. b. ii. p. 199. No. 49. Which when the wakeful Elfe perceiv'd, streight way The Welchmen were not so discouraged herewith, but that they brake vpon him out of their starting holes and places of refuge through the marishes, and slaieng their enimies horsses, put them backe to their power. Holinshed. Hen. III. an. 1257. And whilst the eager dogs upon the start do draw, Starting is both an apprehension of the thing feared; (and, in that kind, it is a motion of shrinking;) and like wise an inquisition, in the beginning, what the matter should be; (and in that kind it is a motion of erection ;) and therefore, when a man would listen suddenly to any thing, he starteth; for the starting is an erection of the spirits to attend.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 713. Thy lustful thoughts and treacherous designs, thy falsehoods to God and startings from thy holy promises, thy follies and impieties shall be laid open before the world. Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 1. Some men are wise and know their weaknesses, and to prevent their startings back, will make fierce and strong resolutions, and bind up their gaps with thorns, and make a new hedge about their spirits.-Id. Ser. 10. Des. Why do you speake so startingly, and rash? Shakespeare. Othello, Act iii. sc. 4. Soph. Let me see your work: Fie upon't, what a thread's here! a poor cobler's wife Would make a finer to sew a clown's rent startup. Ford. The Picture, Act v. sc. 1. Mast. We'll spare her our main top-sail, He shall not look us long, we are no starters. Down with the foresail too, we'll spoon before her. Beaum. & Fletch. The Double Marriage, Act ii. sc. 1. When (after this) another flew; the same hand giving To martiall Phorcis startled soule, that was the after Of Phænops seed.-Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. xvii. He [Clemens] must be a very orthodox writer indeed, when in so large a volume, and wrote before the Arian controversy was started, he appears to have been so well guarded as to leave room only for very frivolous exceptions. Waterland. Works, vol. iii. p. 93. Harm. Hang'em, base English sterts, let'em e'en take their part of their own old proverb, save a thief from the gallows Dryden. Amboyna, Act i. sc. 1. The supposition at least, that angels do sometimes assume bodies, needs nor startle us; since some of the most ancient and most learned fathers of the church seemed to believe that they had bodies.-Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. ii. c. 23. The startling steed was seiz'd with sudden fright, And, bounding, o'er the pummel cast the knight. Dryden. Palamon & Arcite, b. iii. After having recovered from my first startle, I was very well pleased at the accident.-Spectator. I have been credibly informed of a man so lame with the gout that he could stir neither hand nor foot, who on hearing a sudden outcry of fire in the next house, started up out of bed and ran to the window; but upon finding the danger over, his strength immediately left him, and he was forced to be carried back again. Search. Light of Nature, vol. i. pt. ii. c. 21. There were two varieties of this kind, the first used in hawking, to spring the game, which are the same with our starters.-Pennant. British Zoology. The Dog. It may now perhaps be a startling thought, that they are just upon the edge of eternity-their consciences may begin to take an alarm in earnest-their fears proportionably to rise.-Gilpin, vol. iii. Ser. 22. STARVE, v. STARVELING, n. STARVELING, adj. slay; to perish. Dut. Sterven; Ger. Sterben; A. S. Steorf-an, to die, or cause to die; to kill, to To kill, to slay, to destroy: it is now commonly restricted to-to destroy, to perish, with hunger or cold; to withhold or refuse nourishment or support. Alle ere we hider comen, Jhesu Criste seruise, Alas! Custance, thou hast no champion, Chaucer. The Man of Lawes Tale, v. 4988. Creseide, which that well nigh starf for feare. Id. Troil. & Cres. b. ii. And where the riche wanteth, what can the pore find, who in a common scarcitie, lyueth most scarcely, and feeleth quickliest the sharpenesse of staruing, when euery man for lack is hungerbitten.-Sir J. Cheeke. The Hurt of Sedition. "But if for me ye fight, or me will serue, Not this rude kynd of battaill, nor these armes Are meet, the which doe men in bale to sterve, And doolefull sorrowe heape with deadly harmes : Such cruell game my scarmoges disarmes." Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 6. And now thy arms is giv'n, the letter's read, Donne. To Mr. T. W. But the base miser starves amidst his store, Dryden. The Wife of Bath's Tale. In this wet starveling plight we spent the tedious night. Dampier. Voyages, an. 1688 Honour thy father and mother, says the law. But, said the Pharisee, if you tell your poor father you intended to dedicate vour money to holy uses, you may let him starve. STATARY. STATA'RIAN. STATA'RIANLY. thus, Gilpin, vol. ii. Ser. 6, Lat. Statarius, stationary, having or keeping their station or standing place; and, Steady, regular or well regulated; keeping rank; well disciplined. The set and statary times of pairing of nails, and cutting of hair, is thought by many a point of consideration; which is perhaps but the continuation of an ancient superstition. Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. v. c. 21. I have made bold to bring a new adopted son of mine to beg a detachment of your statarian soldiers to escort him into the regions of physiology and pathology. Search. Light of Nature, vol ii. pt. ii. c. 23. Your skirmishing parties, call them co-horts or cowhearts, shall never drive my statarianly disciplined battallion from its ground.-Id. Ib. STATE, v. STATE, n. STATEDLY. STATELY. STATELINESS. STA'TELILY. STA'TING, n. STA'TISM. STA'TIST. STATI'STICK. STATISTICAL. STATESMAN. Fr. Estat; It. Stato; Sp. Stado, from the Lat. Statum, past part. of stare, to stand. (See ESTATE.) Applied to All or any circumstances under which any thing stands, exists or subsists, or by which it may be affected; more especially to-the rank or condition; the possessions or property; also to STATESMANSHIP. the general establishment of government; to persons of rank, of noble rank; the place or station, the seat; the dress or ornament; the canopy. Stately, according to state or condition, rank or quality; to high rank, nobility or majesty; hence-grand, pompous, majestick, magnificent. To state, to set forth the condition or circumstances under which any thing stands, exists or subsists; to set or place in order, to settle, arrange, regulate. Statistick, (Fr. Statisque,) is a word for which we are said to be indebted to a living writer. Statisticks is applied to every thing that pertains to a state, its population, soil, produce, &c. So that at the laste, tho he in stat was, For no man may be amiable, Chaucer. Rom. of the Rose. Id. Dreame. God hathe here ordayned for the meanes towarde it, conuenient for the state of this preset life, and sufficiente for the iuste cause of damnacion -Sir T. More. Workes, p.720. It pleased the princess, in whom indeed stateliness shines through courtesy, to let fall some gracious look upon me. Sidney. Arcadia, b. ii. Many other inconveniences there are consequent to this stating of this question (and particularly that of which our experience hath given us evident demonstration,) that by those which thus state it, there hath never yet been assigned any definite number, or catalogue of fundamentals in this sence.-Hammond. Works, vol. i. p. 462. In a fayre playne upon an equall hill Not such as craftesmen by their idle skill Spenser. Faerie Queene, c. 7. Of Mutabilitie. Macb. Our selfe will mingle with society Our hostesse keepes her state; out in best time Shakespeare. Macbeth, Act i. sc. 4 1210 It was an hill plaste in an open plaine, That round about was bordered with a wood Of matchlesse hight, that seem'd th' earth to disdaine; In which all trees of honour stately stood. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. vi c. 10. Yee that in waters glide, and yee that walk Millon. Paradise Lost, b. v. Fount. Sirra, we have so lookt for thee, and long'd for thee; this widow is the strangest thing, the stateliest, and stands so much upon her excellencies. Beaum. & Fletch. Wit without Money, Act ii. sc. 1. If my strict face and counterfeited statelyness To the said dukes [of Lancaster] house of the Sauoie, in beautie and statelinesse of building, with all maner of princelie furniture, there was not any other in the realme comparable.-Holinshed. Rich. II. an. 1381. In a dark text, these states-men left their mindes; Davenant. Gondibert, b. ii. c. 5. The word statesmen, is of great latitude, sometimes signifying such who are able to manage offices of state, though never actually called thereunto. Fuller. General Worthies, c. 6. It differed from a colony, most of all in that a colony was a progeny of the city, and this of such as were received into state-favour and friendship by the Roman. Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s. 16. Illustrations. She tooke her state-chair; and a foot-stooles stay Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. iv. The actions of the prince, while they succeed, Lat. Do, murmur against their mas ers. Lat. It is to whosoever mislikes of the dukes courses. Beaum. & Fletch. The Bloody Brother, Act iv. sc. 1. I would therefore see the most subtile state-monger in the world chalk out a way for his maiestie to meditate for grace, and favour for the protestants, by executing at this time the severity of the lawes upon the papists. Cabbala. The Lord Keeper to Lord Visc. Anan. p. 111. The greatest politician is the greatest fool; for he turns all his religion into hypocrisy, into statisme, yea into atheisme; making Christianity a very foot-stoole to policy. Junius. Sin Stigmat. (1639) p. 613. Gonz. And besides them I keep a noble train, Statists, and men of action. Beaum. & Fletch. The Laws of Candy, Act ii. sc. 1. You are an eminent statist, be a father To such unfriended virgins, as your bounty Hath drawn into a scandal. Ford. The Fancies Chaste & Noble, Act iii. sc. 2. Therfore Cicero, not in his Tusculan or companion re tirements among the learned wits of that age, but even in the senate to a mixt auditory (though he were sparing othervise to broach his phylosophy among stalists and lawyers) yet as to this point both in his oration against Piso, and in that which is about the answers of the sooth-sayers against Clodius, he declares it publickly as no paradox to common ears, that God cannot punish man more, nor make him more miserable, than still by making him more sinful. Millon. Doct. & Disc. of Divorce, b. ii. c. 3. The people looking one while on the statists, whom they beheld without constancy or firmness, labourin ?`doubtfully beneath the weight of their own too high undertakings, busiest in petty things, trifling in the main, deluded and quite alienated, expressed divers ways their disaffection; some despising whom before they honoured, some deserting, some inveighing, some conspiring against the:n. Id. History of England, b. ii. Neither indeed are there any publick monuments at all extant, in which it [Hylozoick atheism] is avowedly maintained, stated and reduced into any system. Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 145. As she affected not the grandeur of a state with a canopy, she thought there was no offence in an elbow-chair. Swift. History of John Bull. How can he well satisfy himself to dwell statelily, to feed daintily, to be finely clad.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 21. Hence, it is that the enemies of God take occasion to blaspheme, and call our religion statism. South, vol. i. Ser. 4. He [Gardiner] was a learned man and of excellent parts, a great statist, and a writer of many books. Wood. Fasti Oxon. vol. i. That men should assemble at stated seasons for the public worship of God, all must perceive to be a duty who acknowledge that a creature endowed with the high faculties of reason and intelligence owes to his Maker public expressions of homage and adoration.-Bp. Horsley, vol. i. Ser. 21. Among the first, it [à state of trial] teaches us to be satisfied with our different stations in this world. The very nature of a state of trial shews us the necessity of being satisfied with God's appointment of it. Gilpin, vol. ii. Ser. 33. Make it not a time of acting contrary to religion, but statedly use the opportunities it gives you, of learning and being reminded of your several duties, which you must be sensible you need.-Secker, vol. ii. Ser. 11. Obliging such to an unreasonable attendance, making them wait long, and it may be, return often, (when perhaps only idleness, or caprice, or occupations that might well be interrupted, prevent their being dispatched immediately) is a very provoking and a very injurious kind of stateliness. Id. Ser. 7. When, like a Mars (fear order'd to retreat It is scarcely worth while to discuss all the objections which the narrow views of cold-hearted statistical writers have suggested against the charity-schools of this benevolent country. Knox, Ser. 28. STATICK. brandi. Gr. Στατικος, (from στατιζειν. sistere,) sistendi vim habens. Gr. Στατική επιστημη, scientia li The science of balancing, poising or weighing. But we may be easily delivered of this solicitude, if we consider the nature of the windes, the nature of these vehicles, and the statick power of the soul. More. Immortality of the Soul, b. iii. c. 159. They still retain the same laws and characters, which are the statick principles or forms that individuate them, and keep them still the same.-Scott. Christian Life, pt. ii. c. 7. I had oftentimes the satisfaction, by looking first upon the statical baroscope (as for distinction's sake it may be called) to foretel, whether in the mercurial baroscope the liquor were high or low.—Boyle. Works, vol. iii. p. 140. Little accurateness [is] wont to be employed in weighing things, by those that are not versed in statical affairs. Id. Ib. p. 285. The approach of a fit of the gout is easily known by the inward disorders, as wind, sickness, crudities in the stomack, a drowsiness, these joined with the season or weather, if such a one by a statical engine could regulate his insensible perspiration, he might often, by restoring of that, foresce, prevent, or shorten his fit -Arbuthnot, On Diet, c. 4. Now this is a catholic rule of staticks; that if any body be bulk for bulk heavier than a fluid, it will sink to the bottom of that fluid; and if lighter, it will float upon it; having part of it self extant, and part immersed to such a determinate depth, as that so much of the fluid as is equal in bulk to the immersed part, be equal in gravity to the whole-Bentley. Confutation of Atheism, Ser. 4. STATION, n. STATION, v. STATIONARY. STATIONARY, N. STATIONER. Fr. Station; It. Stazione; Sp. Estacion; Lat. Statio, a station, a place to stand in. A stand or standing, a place, or position, situation, condition; stated place, or position. Stationary-pertaining to place or station; remaining, abiding, continuing in a place or station. Also pertaining to a stationer. Stationer, Delpino says, (Sp. Estacionero,) is the old name for a bookseller. Skinner thinks stationers are so called because they had their shops in one station or place; and cites Saint Paul's Church-yard as an instance confirming his conjecture. It is not improbable that the name may have been given to the sellers of books, paper, &c. from the stalls or stations kept by them, especially at fairs, as is still the case at Leipsic, Francfort, and other towns in Germany. Sheldon speaks of standing stationers and assistants at miracle markets, and miracle forges, (Miracles of Antichrist, p. 175.) And see Pegge's Anecdotes of the English Language; and see also the quota tion from Hooker. Tofore the creacion Of heuen, of erthe, or eke of hell, As soune to fore the songe is set, And yet thei ben to gether knet.-Gower. Con. A. b. vii. Besides, it were a coward's part to fly Daniel. Civil Wars, b. viii. The ancient vse of the church throughout all Christendome was, for fiftie dayes after Easter (which fiftie dayes were called Pentecost, though most commonly the last day of them which is Whitsunday bee so called) in like sort all the Sundayes throughout the whole yeere their manner was to stand at prayer: whereupon their meetings vnto that purpose on those dayes, had the name of stations giuen thein. Hooker. Ecclesiasticall Politie, b. iv. § 13. Then they are stationaries in their houses, which be in the middle points of the latitudes, which they cal eclipticks. Holland. Plinie, b. ii. c. 16. The sun, the moon, the stars, do alway vary; Brome. On the turn-coat Clergy. Beaum. & Fletch. The Nice Valour, Act v. sc. 3. I will not add that I have passed my promise (and that is an honest man's bond) to my former stationer, that I will write nothing for the future, which was in my former books so considerable as may make them interfere one with another to his prejudice.-Fuller. General Worthies, c. 25. Let tyrants fierce Lay waste the world; his the more glorious part Somervile. The Chace. No powder'd pert, proficient in the art Cowper. Task, b. iv. Though the wealth of a country should be very great, yet if it has been long stationary, we must not expect to find the wages of labour very high in it. Smith. Wealth of Nations, b. i. c. 8. To finish the anti-climax, it [the ancient house of the dukes of Bretagne] was finally possessed by the company of stationers, who rebuilt it of wood and made it their hall. Pennant, London. STATISM. STATUE, n. STATUED. STA'TUARY, adj. STA'TUARY, R. STA'TURE, n. STA'TURED. See STATE. It. Fr. Statue, stature; Stàtua, statùra; Sp. Estatua, estatura; Lat. Statua, stutura, from statuere, and that from statum, past part. of stare, to stand. Statue, formerly also written statua, is applied to an image, form or figure (of metal, stone, &c.) set up. Stature, to the height of any one standing. And he soughte to se Jhesus who he was: and he myght not for the puple, for he was litil in stature. Wiclif. Luk, c. 19. And he made meanes to se Jesus, what he shuld be: and could not for the preace, because he was of a lo statur. Bible, 151. Ib. This proude king let make a statue of gold Chaucer. The Monkes Tale, v. 14, 165. Id. Of Queen Annelida & false Arcite. The yongest of them had of age This Ebranke was also a man of fayre stature & of great strength, and by his power and myght he enlarged his domy nyon.-Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 9. For if thou behold the proportion of thy body, stature or beauty, thou shalt easily perceiue that it cometh of God, euen by the words of Christe whych exhorteth vs not to be carefull.-Fryth. Workes, p. 84. And let there be a fountaine, or some faire worke of statua's in the middest of this court. Bacon. Ess. On Building |