Thus heard I crien all, And fast commen out of the hall, And shoke nobles and starlings

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. iii.

In the time of his sonne king Richard the first, monie coined in the east parts of Germanie began to be of especiall request in England for the puritie thereof, and was called Easterling inonie, as all the inhabitants of those parts were called Easterlings, and shortly after some of that countrie, skillfull in mint matters and allaies, were sent for into this realme to bring the coine to perfection; which since that time was called of them sterling, for Easterling.

Camden. Remaines. Money.

Before the radiant sun, a glimmering lamp,
Adulterate metals to the sterling stamp,
Appear not meaner, than mere human lines,
Compar'd with those whose inspiration shines.

Roscommon Essay on Translated Verse.

When a given weight of gold or silver is of a given fincness, it is then of the true standard, and called esterling or sterling metal; a name for which there are various reasons given, but none of them entirely satisfactory.

Blackstone. Commentaries, b. i. c. 7.

of which was sharp that it might cut the waters; it was also built higher than the prow, and was the place where the pilot sat to sleer.

Potter. Antiquities of Greece, vol. il. b. iii. c. 15.

The proa generally carries six or seven Indians; two of which are placed in the head and stern, who steer the vessel alternately with a paddle according to the tack she goes on, he in the stern being the steersman. Anson. Voyages, b. iii. c. 5. The ornament at the stern was fixed upon that end, as the stern-post of a ship is upon her keel.

STERN, adj.

Cook. First Voyage, b. ii. c. 10. A. S. Sterne, sharp, severe, austere, cruell, sterne, fierce, (Somner.) Skinner derives from To Stare; Junius,-from the Greek; Sere

STERNLY. STERNNESS.

Then decent pleasantry and sterling sense, That neither gave nor would endure offence, Whipp'd out of sight, with satire just and keen, The puppy pack, that had defil'd the scene.

True faith, like gold into the furnace cast, Maintains its sterling pureness to the last.

Harte. Thomas à Kempis.

This great work [London Bridge 1176] was founded on enormous piles, driven as closely as possible together: on their tops were laid long planks ten inches thick, strongly botted; and on them was placed the base of the pier, the lower most stones of which were bedded in pitch, to prevent the water from damaging the work; round all were the piles which are called the sterlings, designed for the preservation of the foundation piles.-Pennant. London.

STERN, n. STE'RNAGE. STERNSMAN.

}

A. S. Stearn, steor-ræther; Dut. Stier, stier - roer ; Ger. Steur, steur-ruder. "That which is ster-en, ster'n, stirred, i.e. the moved part of the ship, or that by which the ship is moved" (Tooke) or steered. (See STEER, and STERN, infra.) Also applied to

The hinder part of any thing; the tail.
Holinshed uses sterne as a verb.

And kyng Cadwal to hym to sturne vorst was.

R. Gloucester, p. 247. Tho yt was ney to hym ycome, baldelyche spac An sturnelyche to thys water, tho yt alles out brac.

Id. p. 321. Ac wile Hunger was here mayster. wolde non chide Ne stryve agens the statute. he loked so slurne. Piers Plouhman, p. 146. Hue was wonderliche wroth. that Wit some tauhte,— Al staryenge Dame Studie. sturneliche seide.—Id. p. 183.

Which that the sterne, or he tooke keepe,
Smote ouer the bord as he sleepe.

Chaucer. House of Fame, b. ii.
But it was too late, for already it [fire] did embrace and
devour from the stern to the waste of the ship.
Sidney. Arcadia, b. ii.

Whom so dismayd when that his foe beheld,
He cast to suffer him no more respite,
But gan his sturdy sterne about to weld,
And him so strongly stroke, that to the ground him feld.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 11.

Off from the sterne, the sternesman, diuing fell,
And from his sinews, flew his soule to hell.
Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. 12.

Hulke tower, is a notable marke for pilots, in directing them which waie to sterne their ships, and to eschew the danger of the craggie rocks there on euerie side of the shore peking.-Holinshed. Description of Ireland, c. 3.

sessed the sterne of Scotland.

A woman did neuer before this time [1552] (especiallie one within age) challenge that kingdome vnto them, although the male line (as appeered from the Bruses to the Stewards) descended from the women, haue sometime posId. Historie of Scotland, an. 1553. Grapple your minds to sternage of this nauie. Shakespeare. Henry V. Ch. 3. But take me to thy blacke sternd ship, save me, and from my thigh

Cut out this arrow.-Chapman. Homer, Iliad, b. xi.

Пpuuvn, the hind-deck or stern, sometimes called oup, the tail, because the hindmost part of the ship. It was of a figure more inclining to round than the prow, the extremity

For sternely on me he gan behold,
So that his loking doeth mine herte cold.

Id. Prol. to the Legende of Good Women.

The kynge knowend his hie linage,
And drad also his mightes sterne,
To hym ne durst his doughter werne.

Gower. Con. A. b. iv.
But he, by whom thou fainst thy self begot,
Achilles was to Priam not so stern.

Surrey. Virgile. Æneis, b. il. Wherfore, after punysshmet done vpon some of his enemyes, he ferynge ye sequell and reuengement of the same, laft that countree and retourned vnto Rome; where, after he hadde a season restyd, he was, by the Senate of Rome, assygned for his sternesse vnto the rule of Brytayne, with the ayde of iii. legions of knyghtes. Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 63. Him when the spightefull brere had espyed, Causelesse complayned, and lowdly cryed Unto his lord, stirring up sterne strife.

Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. Februarie. But, more enfierced through his currish play, Him sternly grypt, and hailing to and fro, To overthrow him strongly did assay.

Id. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 4.

Of stature huge, and eke of corage bold,
That sonnes of men amazd their sternessc to behold.
Id. Ib. c. 10.

Thou sure-steel'd sternness
Give us this day good hearts, good enemies,
Good blowes o' both sides, wounds that fear or fight
Can claim no share in; steel us both with angers,
And warlike executions fit thy viewing.

Beaum. & Fletch. Bonduca, Act iii. sc. 1.

But when the stern conditions were declar'd,
A mournful whisper through the host was heard
And the whole hierarchy, with heads hung down,
Submissively declin'd the ponderous proffer'd crown.
Dryden. The Hind and the Panther.

Then the great consuls venerable rise:
The public father who the private quell'd,
As on the dread tribunal sternly sad.—Thomson. Winter.
Sternly in his wounded soul

The late disgrace of Xerxes he revolves, Yet soothes his anguish by enliv'ning hope Of glory. Glover. The Athenaid, b. vi. Lat. Sternutare, to STERNU TATORY. sneeze; Fr. Sternutatoire, a sneezing medicine, or powder, (Cotgrave.) Concerning sternutation or sneezing, and the custome of saluting or blessing upon that motion, it is pretended, and generally believed to derive its original from disease, wherein sternutation proved mortal, and such as sneezed died.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. iv. c. 9.

This he illustrates from the practice of physitians, who in persons near death, do use sternutatories, or such medicines as provoke unto sneezing; when if the faculty arise, and sternutation ensueth, they conceive hopes of life, and with gratulation receive the signs of safety.-Id. Ib.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 1526.

And ther they setten steven for to mete
To plaien at the dis in swiche a strete.

Id. The Cokes Tale, v. 4381.

The vois of the peple touched to the heven,
So loude crieden they with mery steven.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 2564.

But trewely the cause of my coming
Was only to herken how ye sing;
For trewely ye han as mery a steven
As any angel hath, that is in heven.

Id. The Nonnes Preesies Tale, v. 15,297.
And ouer this of suche nature
Thei ben, that with so sweete a steuen
Like to the melodie of heuen

In womens voice thei singe.-Gower. Con. A. b. i.

No sooner was out, but swifter then thought, Fast by the hyde the wolfe Lowder caught; And, had not Roffy renne to the sleven, Lowder had bene slaine thilke same even. Spenser. Shepheard's Calender. September STEW, v. Fr. Estuver. to stew, soake, STEW, n. bathe; also, to warm: s'estuver, STE WISH. to sweat in a hot-house, to wash himself in hot waters: estuves, stews; also, stoves or hot-houses, (Cotgrave.) It. Stufa, stuf-àre; Sp. Estufa, estufar. In A. S. Stof-a, a bath, a baine, a stove; Dut. Stove; Ger. Stube; Sw. Stuf-wa; Low. Lat. Stuba. Etymologists have various opinions on the origin of this word; they may be used as aids though not as guides. See Menage, Wachter, Ihre, Vossius, (de Vitiis, lib. ii. c. 7.)

The A. S. Stow is, a place; emphatically (perhaps) a fire place; the importance of which in northern regions is recorded by Tacitus: the Germans, he tells us, lie whole days before the fire; juxta focum atque ignem. From focus it was extended to hypo-caustum,-the stove (ignis sub-accensus) in baths for heating the water; the hot or warm water baths themselves; the vapour baths (vaporaria). Hence, to stew, (see Cotgrave, above,)—

To warm or heat, to seethe,-in water, in vapour; to put into, to keep,-in a moist heat, in To be in a stew, a state of evaporation or steam. (met.) to be in a heat, warmer, hotter than need be.

A stew, a stove, a hot or heated place; a bagnio, a brothel; one who frequents brothels.

A straw for the stywes. hy stod nat ful longe,-
And thay hadde non other haunt. bote of poure peple.
Id. p. 267.

In Flandres whilom was a compagnie
Of yonge folk, that haunteden folie,
As hasard, riot, stewes, and tavernes.

Chaucer. The Pardoneres Tale, v. 12,885.

In deadly clothes thei hem clothe,
The bathes and the stewes bothe
Thei shit in by euery way.

There was no life whiche lust pley,

Ne take of any joye keepe.-Gower. Con. 4. b. vill

There be neither wine-taverns, nor ale-houses, nor stews, nor any occasion of vice or wickedness, no lurking corners, no places of wicked counsels or unlawful assemblies, but they be in the present sight, and under the eyes of every man.-Sir T. More. Utopia, b. ii. c. 6.

One thing I must here desire you to reforme my lords; you have put downe the stewes: but I pray you what is the matter amended? what availeth that? ye have but changed the place.-Latimer. Third Sermon before K. Edward.

And here as in a tavern or a stews,

He and his wild associates spend their hours,
In repetition of lascivious jests.

B. Jonson. Every Man in his Humour, Act ii. sc. 1.
What, he, that erst to gain the rhyming goal,
The worn recital-post of capitol,

Rhymed in rules of stewish ribaldry —Bp. Hall, b. i. Sat.9.
Or Roman vice in coarsest habits shews,
And paints an empress reeking from the stews.

Dryden. Art of Poetry. It was so plotted betwixt her husband, and Bristoll, that instead of that beauty he had a notorious stew sent to him. Sir A. Weldon. Court of K. James, p. 146.

Stew'd shrimps and Afric cockles shall excite
A jaded drinker's languid appetite;

But lettuce after wine is cold and crude,
Yet ham or sausage is provoking food.

Francis. Horace, b. ii. Sat. 4. We met with no utensil there that could be applied to the purpose of stewing or boiling. Cook. Third Voyage, b. iii. c. 12. Not far from these scenes of cruel pastime was the Bordello, or stews, permitted, and openly licensed by government, under certain laws or regulations They were farmed out.-Pennant, London.

Among other regulations, no stewholder was to admit married women; nor, like pious Calvinists, in Holland, to this present day, were they to keep open their houses on Sundays; nor were they to admit any women who had on them the perilous infirmity of burning, &c. &c.—Id. Ib.

STEW. A stew, or stowing place (from A. S. Stow. See STEW, ante.) Chaucer applies it toA pond, or store-pond for fish; a cupboard, or closet.

Ful many a fat partrich hadde in mewe,
And many a breme, and many a luce in stewe.

Chaucer. Prol. to the Canterbury Tales, v. 351.

But Troilus, that stode and might it see
Throughout a litel window in a stewe,
Ther he beshet, sith midnight, was in mewe,
Unwist of every wight, but of Pandare.

Id. Troil. & Cres. b. iii.
He thought he wold vpon his werke begin:
And gan the stewe dore al soft unpin.
Id. Ib.
They take a milter out of their stewes or pooles where
they use to keepe them.-Holland. Plinie, b. ix. c. 17.

STEWARD. Steward, anciently stedeSTE WARDRY. ward, as in our ancient language stow, is our word for place, so is also stede and stede-ward, which for easinesse of sound, the first d being omitted, is become stew-ard, is as much to say, as the keeper of the place, which in the moderne Teutonicke is called star-hower, that is, stede-holder, or place keeper; the same that lieutenant is in French, which, corruptly, in English we call liftenant, (Verstegan.)

Britrih had a slivard, his name was Herman.

But yet in haste netheles

Upon the tale, whiche he herde

His steward in to Perse ferde.

With many a worthy Romaine eke,

R. Brunne, p. 10.

His liege traitor for to seke.-Gower. Con. A. b. ii.

In theyse dayes was a great ruler in Frauce, namyd Guyllyam, and stuarae or cōstable of that londe.

Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 160.

The first of them, that eldest was and best
Of all the house had charge and governement,
As guardian and steward of the rest.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 10. There are I believe, two hundred persons now living, who have gone before you in the stewardship.

Atterbury. Sermon to the Sons of the Clergy, Ded. Next; that you have them, not as things your own, Tho' for your use, yet not for yours alone; But as an human stewartry, or trust, Of which account is to be giv'n, and just.

To pierce, to transpierce, to penetrate, or transfix; to fix or set, to stay or remain fixed or fast; to fasten, to adhere; to be or remain fixed, at a stand; to hesitate.

Stick (formerly written stock),-carried in the hand, or otherwise, but sufliciently slender to be stuck or thrust into the ground or other soft substance. Stick, a thrust, (Tooke.) The latter, Shakespeare writes stuck.

And with a face ded as ashen cold,
Upon hire humble face he gan behold,
With fadres pitee stiking thurgh his herte,
Al wold he from his purpos not converte.

Chaucer. The Doctoures Tale, v. 12,143.
She cried, "O turne againe for routhe and sinne,
Thy barge hath nat all his meine in,"
Her kerchefe on a pole sticked she.

Id. The Legende of Ariadne of Athens.

And of his slouthe he dremeth ofte,
How that he sticketh in the mire.-Gower. Con. A. b. iv.
So ben my wittes ouerladde,

That what as euer I thought haue spoken
It is out of myn herte stoken

And stonde, as who saith, dombe and defe,
That all nis worth an iuye lefe,
Of that wende well haue saide.

Id. Ib.

And when Harpalus king Alexander's lieutenant of the province of Babylon, fled out of Asia, and came to Attica with a great sum of gold and silver, straight these men that sold their tongue to the people for money, flocked about him like a sight of swallows. And he stuck not to give every one of them a piece of money to baste them with for it was a trifle to him, considering the great sums of money he brought.-North. Plutarch, p. 630.

I had a passe with him, rapier, scabberd, and all: and he giues me the stucke in with such a mortall motion that it is ineuitable.—Shakespeare. Twelfth Night, Act iii. sc. 4.

Ile haue prepar'd him

A challice for the nonce; whereon but sipping, If he by chance escape your venom'd stuck, Our purpose may hold there.-Id. Hamlet, Act iv. sc. 7. But herbs draw a weak juyce; and have a soft stalk; and therefore those amongst them which last longest, are herbs of strong smell, aud with a slickie stalke.

Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 583.

That two bodies cannot be in the same place, is a truth, that nobody any more sticks at, than at these maxims, "that it is impossible for the same thing to be and not to be, that white is not black; that a square is not a circle; that yellowness is not sweetness."

Locke. Hum. Underst. b. iv. c. 2.

There was no other way of bringing them into the plains but by beating them from the hills. And there they must have stuck, till famine and desertion had ended the quarrel. Warburton. The Divine Legation, b. i. § 5.

A vagabond and useless tribe there eat
Their miserable meal. A kettle, slung
Between two poles upon a stick trausverse,
Receives the morsel.

STICKLE, v. STICKLER.

STICKLEBAG.

Cowper. Task, b. i. A stickler, was one who stood by to part the combatants when victory could be determined without bloodshed. They were their hands, with which they interposed between called sticklers, from carrying sticks or staves in the duellists."-See the commentators on Shakespeare, and B. Jonson.

To stickle may thus be,-to interpose, to place himself on the side or party of; to stand up for, contend or contest. Dryden seems to meanTo hesitate; to stand hesitatingly; to act indecisively.

To stickle, now appears to be generally used as the dim. of

To stick,-to adhere, to adhere to the side or cause, or defence of; to contend pertinaciously.

But Basilius rising himself came to part them, the sticklers authority scarcely able to persuade cholerick hearers and part them he did.-Sidney. Arcadia, b. i.

Here Weever, as a flood affecting goodly peace,
His place of speech resigns; and to the Muse refers
The hearing of the cause, to stickle at these stirs.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, a. 11.

So, Bernwood did bequeath his satyrs to the Thame,
For sticklers in those stirs that at the feast should be.

Id. Ib. s. 15. Achi. The dragon wing of night ore-spreds the earth And stickler-like the armies seperates.

Shakespeare. Troyl. & Cres. Act v. sc. 9. Amo. I will win them for you, be patient. Lady, vouchsafe the tenure of this ensigne. Who shall be your stickler? B. Jonson. Cynthia's Revels, Act v. sc. 4.

And you are yet to know, that in case you want a minnow, then a small loach, or a stickle-bag, or any other small fish that will turn quick, will serve as well.

Walton. Angler, pt. i. c. 5.

Symachus, who was a zealous stickler for the restitution of paganism, declared the pagans to worship one and the same God with the Christians, but in several ways.

Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 441.

But while mitres and stalls may be made highly subservient to the views of a minister, and the promoters of arbitrary power and principles, they honour the church, though they know nothing of Christ, they stickle for the bench, though they abandon the creed. Knox. The Spirit of Despotism. The moralist, tho' he always prefers substantials before forms, yet where the latter affect the former he will stickie as earnestly for them. Search. Light of Nature, vol. i. pt. ii. c. 35.

There are people, namely, your sticklers for indifferency of will, who pretend that nature has left some of her vehicles empty, indifferent to receive either satisfaction or uneasiness. Id. Ib. pt. i. c. 6.

No sycophant or slave, that dar'd oppose
Her sacred cause, but trembled when he rose ;
And ev'ry venal stickler for the yoke
Felt himself crush'd at the first word he spoke.

STIFF.

Cowper. Table Talk. A. S. Stif-ian; Dut. Styven; Sw. Styf, styfna, rigere, rigescere, rigidum aut firmum facere, to be or become rigid.

STIFFEN, v. STIFFLY. STIFFNESS. STIFFENING, n. Stark, strong, rigid; hard or hardy, opposed to soft, pliant, flexible; hard, inflexible, unpliant, unyielding; rigorous, stubborn, obstinate:-harsh, constrained.

Hyt byleuede amydde hys throte, astrangled he was rygt there,

And deyde atte borde al styf, wyth ssendnesse enou.
R. Gloucester, p. 342.
The Saracens in the batayle neuere gut so vaste
Fogte, ne so styflyche.-Id. p. 398.

The paiens ageyn tham fulle stifely thei stode.
R. Brunne, p. 17.
With the Scottis gan he menge, & slifiy stode in stoure.
Id. p. 298.
Stonde he nevere so stufliche. thorgh sterynge of the
bote,

He bendeth and boweth.-Piers Ploukman, p. 167.
Stiffe, straight, and stout, which though they be not long.
Yet spit they foorth their pellets such a pace,
And with such force, as seemes a woondrous case.

Gascoigne. Vpon the Fruite of Fellers We drawe styll stubbernely backeward, and cleane cotrarye to Goddes gracious pleasure, and contrarye to our owne wealthe cōtynue yet vnreasonably stufe necked. Sir T. More. Workes, p. 1366. the worke of the sacramentes in it selfe (not referring it to How darcke is the doctrine of them that say so that styrre vp the faith of the promises annexed to thế) doth iustifie-Tyndall. Workes, p. 232.

You may know it afore it be pared, by a bought which is in it, and againe when it is couled, by the thicknesse above, and the thicknesse at the grounde, and also by the stif nesse and finesse which will carry a shaft better, faster and further, even as a fine sayle cloth doth a shippe.

4scham. Tozophilus, b. IL

On Agamemnon, when he saw so much black bloud descend, And stifued with the like dismay was Menelaus to. Chapman. Homer. Iliad, b. iv. But as two men, about the limits striue Of land that toucheth in the field; their measures in their hands,

They mete their parts out curiously, and either stiffely stands,

That so farre is his right in law, both hugely set on fire About a passing little ground.-Id. Ib. b. xii.

It mollifieth the stiffenesse and hardnesse of the sinewes. Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 20. All those parts of easiness which invite us to do the duty, are become like the joints of a bulrush, not bendings, but consolidations and stifnings.-Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 4.

Her distance from the shore, the course begun
At dawn, and ending with the setting sun,
A galley measures; when the stiffer gales
Rise on the poop, and fully stretch the sails.

Pope. Homer. Odyssey, b. iv.

He [George Abbot] was stiffly principled in the doctrine of S. Augustine, which they who understand it not call Calvinism, and therefore disrelish'd by them who incline to the Massilian and Arminiau tenets.

Wood. Athenæ Oxon. vol. i.

Yet you would think me very ridiculous, if I should accuse the stubbornness of blank verse for this, and not rather the stiffness of the poet.

Dryden. Essay on Dramatick Poesie.

As a stick, when once it is dry and stiff, you may break it, but you can never bend it into a straighter posture; so doth the man become incorrigible, who is settled and stiffened in vice.-Barrow, vol. iii. Ser. 16.

The Dutch too well his mighty conduct knew,
And matchless courage, since the former fight:
Whose navy like a stiff-stretch'd cord did show
Till he bore in and bent them into flight.

Dryden. Annus Mirabilis.

Your composition needs not be at all the stiffer, but may be the freer, for the pains thus employed upon it.

Secker. A Charge to the Clergy of Canterbury.

STIFLE, v. The Fr. Estoffer is to stuff, and estouffer is to stifle. Our Eng. word stiffle is a dim. of stuff.

To stuff to stop up by stuffing; to suppress, to smother, to suffocate, to choak.

The edition of Brewer's Lingua, 1657, reads stiflements; the edition of the Ancient British Drama adopts stifflements, Fr. i. e. whistlings.

So he wrapped them and entangled them keping down by force the fetherbed and pillowes hard vnto their mouthes, that within a while smored and stifled, theyr breath failing, thei gaue vp to God their innocent soules into the ioyes of heaué.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 68.

STIGMATIZE, v. STIGMA'TICK, adj. STIGMA'TIC, n. STIGMA'TICAL. STIGMATICALLY.

Fr. Stigmatizer; It. Stimattizzare; Lat. Stigma; Gr. Eryua, from σTICEw, pungere, to pierce. To pierce, to stamp,

to brand; to fix or set a mark (sc. of infamy, or disgrace.)

[They had more need some of them] have their cheeks stigmatised with a hot iron, I say, some of our Jesabells, insteed of painting, if they were well served. Burton. Anatomy of Melancholy, p. 470. Yet stick not to commit actions, by which they are more shamefully and more lastingly stigmatised! Cowley Essay on Liberty. D'ost thou not think our ancestors were wise, That these religious cells did first devise, As hospitals were for the sore and sick, These for the crook'd, the halt, the stigmatic. Drayton. K. John to Matilda. Yo. Clif. Foule stygmaticke that's more then thou canst tell.-Shakespeare. 2 Pt. Hen. VI. Act v. sc. 1.

He is deformed, crooked, old, and sere,
Ill fac'd, worse bodied, shapelesse euery where:
Vicious, vngentle, foolish, blunt, vnkinde,
Stigmaticall in making, worse in minde.

Id. Comedie of Errors, Act iv. sc. 2.

If you spy any man that hath a look,
Stigmatically drawn, like to a fury.

Wonder of a Kingdom, (1635.)
But what disgrac'd and disavow'd the rest,
Was Calvin's brand, that stigmatiz'd the beast.
Dryden. The Hind and the Panther.

The common brand by which hypocrites and false pretenders to religion are stigmatiz'd, is, their being zealous for the positives, and cold and indifferent as to the morals of religion.-Scott. Christian Life, pt. ii. c. 1.

Was there a villain. who might justly claim
A better right of being damn'd to fame,
Rake, cut-throat, thief, whatever was his crime,
They freely stigmatiz'd the wretch in rhyme.

Francis. Horace, b. i. Sat. 4.

STILETTO, n. I It. Stilet, pugionis genus; STILLETTO, V. dim. of stile, a little stick; Lat. Stylus.

A small, round, pointed dagger.

And for that she will be
Like him in all, her congies she will make
With the man's court'sy, and her hat off take,
Of the French fashion; and wear by her side
Her sharp stiletto in a riband ty'd.

Drayton. The Moon-Calf.

Dua. Out with your bodkin,
Your pocket-dagger, your steletto, out with it,
Or by this hand I'le kill you.

Beaum. & Fletch. Custom of the Country, Act ii. sc. 1. At a time when he was as it were to mount on horseback for the commanding of the greatest forces that of long time had been levied in France, this king likewise was stillettoed

for the purpose.-Bacon. Charge against Wm. Talbot. by a rascal votary which had been enchanted and conjured

Simulation is a stiletto, not only an offensive, but an unlawful weapon: and the use of it may be rarely, very rarely, excused, but never 'ustified. Bolingbroke. Idea of a Patriot King.

Whoever thought any thing fairly managed to be dangerous! the danger is in the abuse or unfair management. The use of stilletos and poisons, fairly managed, can never be dangerous. Warburton. Ded. to the Free-Thinkers, Postscript. STILL, v. See DISTILL, and INSTILL. STILL, n. It. Stillàre; Lat. Stillare; STILLATORY, N. to drop or drip. STILLICIDE. STILLICIDIOUS.

To fall in drops; to separate drop by drop; to fall or

I hate a secret stifled flame,

Let yours and mine have voice, and name;

Who censure what twixt us they see

Like to the winged chanters of the wood,
Uttering nought else but idle sifflements,
Tunes without sense, words inarticulate.

Brewer. Lingua, Act i. sc. 1.
Sometimes she softly sigh'd, then roar'd aloud;
But sighs were stifled in the cries of blood.
Dryden. Ovid. Metam. b. viii.

I desire only to have things fairly represented, as they really are; no evidence smothered or stifled on either side. Waterland. Works, vol. i. p. 94.

Jesus Christ woulde that all mennes myndes shoulde be prepared, and made in a redines by his usher and messenger John the sonne of Zacharie a man knowen and allowed euer should be beleued, might by lytle and lytle be stilled and put into the hartes of men.-Udal. Matthew, c. 3. The knowledge of stilling is one pretty feat The waters be wholesome, the charges not great. Tusser. Husbandry. May. There she him found by that new lovely mate, Who lay the whiles in swoune, full sadly set, From her faire eyes wiping the deawy wet Which softly stild, and kissing them atweene, And handling soft the hurts which she did get. Spenser. Faerie Queene b. iv. c. 7.

The same pitch-rosin, if it be boiled more lightly with water, & be let to run through a strainer, commeth to a reddish colour, and is glewie: and thereupon it is called stilled pitch.-Holland. Plinie, b. xvi. c. li.

Then starts she suddenly into a throng

Of short thick sobs, whose thund'ring volleys float,
And rout themselves over her lubric throat
In panting murmurs, still'd out of her breast,
That ever-bubling spring, the sugar'd nest
Of her delicious soul, that there does lie
Bathing in streams of liquid melody.

Crashaw. Musick's Duel

The manna on each leafe did pearled lie,
The hony stilled from the tender rinde.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. xviii. s. 24 Put water into the bottome of a stillatory, with the neb stopped; weigh the water first; hang in the middle of the stillatory a large spunge; and see what quantity of water you can crush out of it.-Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 27.

For these are nature's stillatories, in whose hollow caverns the ascending vapours are congealed to that universal aqua vitæ, that good fresh water, the liquor of life, that sustains all the living creatures in the world.

More. Antidote against Atheism, b. ii. c. 3.

We see it also in the stillicides of water, which if there be water enough to follow, will draw themselves into a small thred, because they will discontinue; but if there be no remedy, then they cast themselves into round drops. Bacon. Naturall Historie, § 24. Chrystal is found sometimes in rocks, and in some places not much unlike the stirrious or stillicidious dependencies of ice.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 1.

This fragrant spirit is obtained from all plants which are in the least aromatick, by a cold still, with a heat not ex. ceeding that of summer.-Arbuthnot On Aliments, c. 3.

On the 21st I ordered the still to be fitted to the largest copper, which held about sixty-four gallons. The fire was lighted at four o'clock in the morning, and at six the still began to run.-Cook. Second Voyage, b. iv. c. 10.

STILL, v. STILL, n. STILL, adj. STILL, ad. STILLY.

A. S. Stil-an; Dut. Stillen; Ger. Stillen; Sw. Stilla, seem the same words differently written, as the A. S. Stell-an, or Steall-ian; Ger. and Dut. Stellen; Sw. Stella,

STILLNESS. ponere; and to mean, -consequentially, sedare, componere, compescere, quietum reddere, quiescere,—

To compose, to calm, to appease, to tranquillize, to quiet, to set or put at rest; to be or cause to be low or gentle in sound; to be silent, to silence.

Still, the ad.-Skinner knows not whether from til, with the mere prefix s. Tooke considers it to be the imperative of Stell-an, ponere, to put or place; and to be in effect equivalent to yet. (See YET.) Still, then, must, upon this etymology, be explained to mean-Pone, put or place,— or hoc posito, this being put, placed, supposed, proposed, assumed, granted.

And natheles Cradok hym held al evene and stille,
And the kyng stilleliche brogte al to hys wille.
R. Gloucester, p. 90.
The maistres sete stille ynow, rygt as heo doumbe were.
Id. p. 131.
Edmunde & the erle Uctred that tyme held tham stille.
R. Brunne, p. 47.

Now is Scotland hole at our kynge's wille, & Jon the Baliol at London leues stille.--Id. p. 279. And the peple blamyde hem that thei schulden be stille : and thei crieden more and seiden, Lord the sone of Davith, have mercy on us.-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 20.

And the same Soloman saith: the angrie and wrathful man maketh noises, and the patient man attempreth and

stilleth hem."-Chaucer. The Tale of Melibeus.
And whan he saw how stille that I lay,
He was agast, and wold have fled away.

Id. The Wif of Bathes Prologue, v. 6309. After this she stinte a little, and after that she had gadered by a temper styluesse myne attencion, as who so might sayn thus. Id. Boecius, b. ii.

The colde wyndes ouerblowe,

And stilled ben the sharpe shoures.-Gower. Con. A. b. v.
The softe worde the loude stylleth.—Id. Ib. b. vii.
And as he cast his eie about,

He sigh this tonne: and what it ment
He wolde witte, and thither sent

A knight, by whom he might it know.
And he hym selfe that ilke throwe
Abode, and houeth there stille.-Id. Ib. b. fil.

Wherfore this freedome is a spirituall freedome, which destroyeth not the lawe, but ministreth that which the law requireth, and wher with the law is fulfilled, that is to vnder stand, luste and loue, wherewith the law is stilled, and accuseth vs no more, compelleth vs no more, neither hath ought to craue of vs any more.-Tyndall. Workes, p. 46. Verges. If you heare a child crie in the night you must cal to the nurse, and bid her still it.

Shakespeare. Much Adoe about Nothing, Act iii. sc. 3. Be not dist.rb'd with my infirmitie, If you be pleas'd, retire into my cell,

Aid there repose, a turne or two, Ile walke

Tstill my beating minde.-Id. Tempest, Act iv. sc. 1.

Thus pass'd the night so foul till morning fair
Came forth with pilgrim steps in amice gray;
Who with her radiant finger still'd the roar
Of thunder, chas'd the clouds, and laid the winds,
And grisly spectres, which the fiend had rais'd
To tempt the son of God with terrors dire.

Milton. Paradise Lost, b. iv.

He [Hen. VIII.] had never any the least pique, difference, or jealousy, with the king his father, which might give any occasion of altering court or council upon the change; but all things passed in a still.-Bacon. History of Hen. VIII.

Griefe and despight, and gealosy, and scorne,

Did all the way him follow hard behynd;

And he himselfe, himselfe loath'd so forlorne,

So shamefully forlorne of womankynd:

That, as a snake, still lurked in his wounded mynd.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. iii. c. 10.

But, of Vlysses (where the Thesprots dwell,
A wealthy people) fame, he saies, did tell
The still suruiuall: who his natiue light
Was bound for now; with treasure infinite.

Chapman. Homer. Odyssey, b. xvii.

Or in the stilnesse of a moone-shine eauen,
A falling star so glideth downe from heauen.

Fairefax. Godfrey of Bovlogne, b. ix. s. 62.

Which his religious confessor (who best
Could cast, with what a violent access
This fever of ambition did molest
His still-sick mind) takes hold on.

Daniel. Civil Wars, b. viii.

From camp to camp, through the foule womb of night
The humme of eyther army stilly sounds;
That the fixt centinels almost receiue
The secret whispers of each other's watch.

Shakespeare. Henry V. Ch. 4.

Thus mindless of what idle men will say,
He takes his own, and stilly goes his way.
More. Philosophical Poems, (1647.)

The subtle spoiler, of the beaver kind,
Far off perhaps, where ancient alders shade
The deep still pool, within some hollow trunk
Contrives his wicker couch.-Somervile. The Chace, b. iv.
Still, as you rise, the state, exalted too,
Finds no distemper while 'tis chang'd by you;
Chang'd like the world's great scene! when without noise,
The rising sun night's vulgar lights destroy.
Waller. To the Lord Protector.

The still-born sounds upon the palate hung
And dy'd imperfect on the faultering tongue.

Dryden. Theodore & Honoria.

We afterward saw the natives flying, the boats retire from the shore, and passing and repassing, in great stillness beween the ships.-Cook. Third Voyage, b. v. c. 4.

Hence, history informs us of several successful impostors who set out in all the blaze of fanaticism, and ended their career in all the depth and stillness of politics.

Warburton. Works, vol. ix. Ser. 6.

STILT, n. Dut. Stelten; Ger. Stelize; Sw.
STILT, v.
Style,

verb Stellen, ponere. See STILL.

Any thing put or placed, (sc.) to uphold, support, raise, elevate.

The stilts or rising roots, in Dampier, are compared by him to artificial stakes, supporting one trunk.

And tread on corked stills a prisoner's pace. Bp. Hall, b. iv. Sat. 6. Neither the black nor white mangrove grow towering up from stills or rising root, as the red doth; but the body immediately under the ground, like other trees. Dampier. Voyages, an. 1682.

And laugh at this fantastic mummery,
This antic prelude of grotesque events,
Where dwarfs are often stilted, and betray

A littleness of soul by worlds o'er-run,

And nations laid in blood.-Young. Complaint, Night 6.
Others affect the stiff and swelling phrase;
Their muse must walk in stilts, and strut in stays.

STIMULATK v. STIMULATION. STIMULANT, adj. STIMULANT, n.

Churchill. The Apology.

Fr. Stimuler; It. Stimolare; Sp. Estimular; Lat. Stimulus, from Gr. Στις ειν, to prick.

To prick, to instigate, to goad, to incite, to excite, to spur.

The nature of imperfect animals is such, that they are apt to have but a dull and sluggish sense, a flat and insipid taste of good, unless it be quickned and stimulated, heightned and invigorated, by being compared to the contrary evil. Cudworth. Intellectual System, p. 220.

Since therefore the devil's tempting us is used by Christ as a motive to excite our activity, it is evident that Christ's intention in permitting him to tempt us is to excite and stimulate us thereunto.-Scott. Christian Life, pt. ii. c. 7.

Urg'd by the stimulating goad,

I drag the cumbrous waggon's load.-Gay. Toa Poor Man.

There is yet another mischievous principle which prevails among some persons in passing a judgment on the writings of others, and that is, when, from the secret stimulation of vanity, pride, or envy they despise a valuable book, and throw contempt upon it by wholesale. Watts. On the Mind, pt. i. c. 5.

The solution of copper in the nitrous acid is the most acrid and stimulant of any with which we are acquainted. Falconer.

Stimulants produce pain, heat, redness.-Chambers. Th' ethereal glow that stimulates thy frame, When all th' according powers harmonious move, And wake to energy each social aim, Attuned spontaneous to the will of Jove. Beattie. Judgment of Paris. A. S. Styng-an; Sw. Stinga, pungere, to prick or pierce. To prick or penetrate, to pierce (with pain); to pain. A stinger (in common speech) is one who, that which, stings or pierces, (acutely, deeply.) Stingo, a strong beer, pungent to the palate, or stomach.

STING, v. STING, n. STI'NGING, n. STINGINGLY. STINGLESS. STINGO.

O soden hap, o thou fortune unstable,
Like to the scorpion so deceivable,
That flatrest with thy hed whan thou wolt sting.
Chaucer. The Merchantes Tale, v. 9932.

And therwithal he blent and cried A!
As though he stongen were unto the herte.

Id. The Knightes Tale, v. 1080.

Anone the neders gonne her for to sting,
And she her death receiueth with good chere,
For love of Antony that was to her so dere.

Id. Cleopatras, Queene of Egypt.

Let crabbed fortune now expresse hir might,
And doe thy worst to mee thou slinging spite.

Turbervile. The Louer hoping assuredly, &c.
And though at first it seeme a pleasant thing,
At last (sayeth he) it striketh with a sting.

Gascoigne. The Fruites of Warre. "And when he was bereaved of his ease, With the remembrance of so heinous wrong, Upon his breast so strongly that did seize, And his sad heart so violently stung."

Drayton. Legende of Robert, Duke of Normandy. The same advauncing high above his head, With sharpe intended sling so rude him smott, That to the earth him drove, as stricken dead. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. i. c. 11. Teach me to hear mermaids singing; Or to keep off envy's stinging,

And find,

What wind

Serves to advance an honest mind.-Donne. Song.

It consisting of more subtile particles than those of water, and therefore more fit to insinuate, and more accurately and stingingly to affect and touch the nerves. More. Antidote against Atheism, b. iii. c. 12.

It [aire] will then seem not only cold as congealed water does, but more piercingly and stingingly cold by reason of the subtilty of the parts.-Id. Ib. App. c. 12.

Thou abhorrest death, and fleest from it as from a serpent: but dost thou know that his sting is gone? what harm can there be in a stinglesse snake.-Bp. Hall. Balm of Gilead.

The whisper'd tale

That like the fabling Nile, no fountain knows.
Fair fac'd deceit, whose wily conscious eye
Ne'er looks direct. The tongue that licks the dust,
But, when it safely dares, as prompt to sting.
Thomson. Liberty, pt. iv.
Dam. Ye boys, who pluck the flowers, and spoil the
spring,
Beware the secret snake that shoots a sting.
Dryden. Virgil, Past. 3.

Not soon provok'd, however stung and teas'd,
And, if perhaps made angry, soon appeas'd;
She rather waves than will dispute her right,
And injur'd, makes forgiveness her delight.

Cowper. Charity.

It chanc'd in [the] dog-days he sat at his ease,
In his flow'r-woven arbour as gay as you please,
With a friend and a pipe puffing sorrows away,
And with honest old stingo was soaking his clay,
His breath doors of life on a sudden were shut,
And he died full as big as a Dorchester butt.
Fawkes. The Brown Jug.

The misery and mischief introduced by sin are also as naturally represented by stinging serpents; to which sin it often compared in scripture.-Gilpin, vol. i. Ser. 2.

They weep impetuous, as the summer storm,
And full as short! The cruel grief soon tam'd,
They make a pastime of the stingless tale.

Young. The Complaint, Night 5.

The sharpness to which the point [of the sting] in all ol them is wrought; the temper and firmness of the substance of which it is composed; the strength of the muscles by which it is darted out, compared with the smallness and weakness of the insect, and with the soft and friable texture of the rest of the body; are properties of the sling to be noticed, and not a little to be admired.

STINGY, adj. STINGINESS.

Paley. Natural Theology, c. 19.

It Not a very old verb. may have been formed from the A. S. Stingan, reponere, to lay up; and, conse. quentially, to hoard.

A stingy fellow is one who lays up (sc.) in store, hoards, fears to use; and hence Sparing, covetous, niggardly.

God can easily accomplish whatsoever he promises or threatens; he can be straitened in nothing, nor need any thing, having all things in himself; and, consequently of that, it is impossible to conceive of him as a narrow-hearted, stingy being, that can envy or malign his creatures; but contrariwise, he must be unspeakabi, good, and take delight in nothing more than in communicating of his own fuluess to them.-Goodman. Winter Ev. Conf pt. iii.

Here our author, in pure good nature, to make amends for his stinginess in the matter we last remarked, gives us three rules, where not one is needed. Johnson. Noctes Nottinghamicæ, p. 19.

No little art is made use of to persuade them (my servants) that I am stingy, and that my place is the worst in the town.-Knox, Ess. 166.

STINK, n. STINK, V. STINK-ARD. STINKER. STINKINGLY.

See STENCH. A. S. Stenc-an, or stinc-an; Dut. Stincken,— To smell, or cause a smell or odour (good or bad),-now an offensive, an ill smell.

Richard was hastif, & ansuerd that stund, Certes thou lies cheitif, & as a stinkand hund. R. Brunne, p. 177. Sodom & Gomor fulle vile synne that stank, Bothe for euer more doun tille helle thei sank.-Id. p. 289. Martha, the sister of him that was deed, seith to him, Lord, he stinketh now: for he leyen four dayes.

Wiclif. Jon, c. 11. Martha, the syster of him that was dead, sayd vnto him: Lord by this time he stincketh. For he hath bene dead four dayes. Bible, 1551. Ib.

Ful soth it is that swiche profered service
Stinketh, as witnesseth thise olde wise.

Chaucer. The Chanones Yemannes Tale, v. 16,464.

And ye shull seen, up peril of my lif,
By veray preef that is demonstratif,
That equally the soun of it wol wende,
And eke the stinke, unto the spokes ende.

Id. The Sompnoures Tale, v. 7853.

The thirde stone in speciall
By name is cleped Minerall,
Whiche the mettals of euery myne
Attempreth, till that thei ben fyne,
And pureth hem by suche a wey

Of rust, of stynke, and of hardnes.-Gower. Con. 4. b. iv.
As frozen dung-hills in a winter's morn,
That void of vapour seemed all beforn,
Soon as the sun sends out his piercing beams
Exhale our filthy smoak and stinking steams.
Bp Hall, b. i. Sat 3.

And poyson therewith rusht,
That him nigh choked with the deadly stinke:
Such loathly matter were small lust to speake or thinke.
Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. v. c. 11.

They are the most contemptible people, and have a kind of fulsom scent, no better than a stink, that distinguisheth them from others.-Howell, b. i. Let. 14.

Row, close then, slaves. Alas, they will beshite us.
No matter, stinkards, row.
B. Jonson. Voyage

Canst thou beleeue thy liuing is a life,

So stinkingly depending? Go mend, go mend.

Shakespeare. Measure for Measure, Act Iii, so. 2.

The air may be purified by burning of stink-pots or stankers in contagious lanes.—Harvey.

So pour, that when our choosing-triles were met.
Ev'n for his stinking ~otes he ran in debt.

STINT, or

STENT, v.

STINT, n.

STI'NTER.

Dryden. Abs 'om & Achitophul, pt. ii.

A. S. Stist-an, hebetare, to make dull or blunt; to quaile See or asswage, (Sɔmaer.) STUNT.

STINTING, n. To blunt; to stop, to restrain, to confine, to limit, to apportion; to stop, or cause to stop; to cease, to desist.

Had thei no styntyng, but thorgh alle thei ran,
Unto Wynchestre, alle the loud thei wan.-R. Brunne. Į 1.
Sir Gilbert herd say of ther dedes ille,

Of non the had ay to stynt ne hold tham stille.—I J. § 220. · Stintt thow nouht there

Piers Plouhman, p. \2%. But swiche a crie and swiche a wo they make, That in this world n'is creature living, That ever herd swiche another waimenting. And of this crie ne wolde they never stenten, Till they the reines of his bridel henten

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale, v. 901 The Reve answerd and saide, "Stint thy clappe." Id. The Milleres Tale, v. 3144. But I will never stint, nor rest, until I have got the ful and exact knowledge hereof.

Sir T. More. Utopia. Giles to Busiide.

And yet alwayes, in euery sighe and sobbe,
She shewed great skil, for times of vnisone,
Hir jug, jug, jug, (in griefe) had such a grace.
Then stinted she, as if her song were done.

Gascoigne. Complaynt of Phylomene.

Yet n'ould she stent Her bitter rayling and foule revilement. Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii. c. 4. And now, amongst thy people, and thy goods, Against the wooers base and petulant bloods, Sting'st thou thy valour ?-Chapman. Homer. Odys. b. xxii.

Yea quoth my husband, fall'st vpon thy face, thou wilt fall backward when thou commest to age: wilt thou not Jule? It stinted, and said I.

Jule. And stint thou too, I pray thee nurse, say I. Shakespeare. Romeo & Juliet, Act i. sc. 3. The liquor or decoction of the gourd, sodden all whole as it is, with rind, seed, and pulpe, doth strengthen the loose teeth, and stinteth their ache.-Holland. Plinie, b. xx. c. 3. "Cease, daughter, to complain, and stint the strife.” Dryden. Palamon & Arcite, b. iii.

But let them read, and solve me, if they can,
The words address'd to the Samaritan :
Five times in lawful wedlock she was join'd;
And sure the certain stint was ne'er defin'd.

Pope. The Wife of Bath.

The power of repeating, or doubling any idea we have of any distance, and adding it to the former as often as we will, without being ever able to come to any stop or stint, et us enlarge it as much as we will, is that which gives us the idea of immensity.-Locke. Hum. Underst. b. ii. c. 13. Let us now see whether a set form, or this extemporary, way, be the greater hinderer, and stinter of it. South, vol. ii. Ser. 3.

Namely, that the praying by a set-form, is not a stinting of the spirit; and the praying extempore truly and properly is so.-Id. Ib.

All these species of pasturable common, may be and usually are limited as to number and time; but there are also commons without stint, and which last all the year. Blackstone. Commentaries, b ii. c. 3. STIPEND. Fr. Stipendier; It. StiSTIPENDIARY, adj.pendio, stipendiàre; Sp. STIPENDIARY, N. dium, from stips, a piece of money; from stipare, to store or pack up.

See the quotation from Plinie.

[The Romaynes] did make a golden goose, and set her in the toppe of the Capitolium, and appointed also the censors to allow out of the common butche yearely stipendes, for the findinge of certaine geese.-Ascham. Toxophilus, b. ii.

By the which I might be abled, by the portion of that atipend, in this my impoverishment, to wear out my life tolerably-Burnet. Records, vol. ii. pt. ii. b. iii. Letter from Parker, No. 8.

Ye shall make diligent search and inquiry, how many chauntries, hospitals, and colleges, free chappels, fraterníties, brotherhoods, Childs and salaries, or wages of stipendiary priests.dd Ib. pt. ii. b. i. No. 27

For Cynthia doth in sciences abound,
And gives to their professors stipends large,

Spenser. Colin Clout's come Home again.

Moreover the under treasurers of warre, or paymasters in the campe, were in auncient time named Libripendes, for weighing out unto the souldiours their wages; and their verie pay therefore was called stipendium, from whence commeth stipend, a word commonly received. Holland. Plinie, b. xxxiii. c. 3.

It is the gift of God; a donative beyond the military stipend.-Bp. Taylor, vol. i. Ser. 3.

Supply, by stipendiary preachers, to be rewarded with some liberal stipends, to supply as they may, such places which are unfurnished of sufficient pastors.

Bacon. The Pacification of the Church.

Such stipends those vile hirelings best befit,
Priests without grace, and poets without wit.

Dryden. Absalom & Achitophel, pt. ii.

The stipends of the most useful part of the clergy, those who officiate, are often not greater than the earnings of a hireling mechanic.-Knox, Ess. 53.

Till after the middle of the fourteenth century, five merks, Jontaining about as much silver as ten pounds of our preJent money, was in England the usual pay of a curate or a stipendiary parish priest, as we find it regulated by the decrees of several different national councils.

Enuie hath kynde put a waie.
And of malice hath his sturryng,
Wherof he maketh his bak bityng,

And is him selfe therof diseased.-Gower. Con. A. b. il And we say also that God hath dayly styred vp and dayly doth styrre vp newe prophetes in sundry partes of hys ca tholike church.-Sir T. More. Workes, p. 501.

Than this foresayde Charlemayne (steryd by dyuyne in spiracion, or as some auctoures meane, as he before tyme hadde auowyd) sodeynlye renouncyd & gaue ouer all worldly prosperyte and domynyon.-Fabyan. Chronycle, c. 149.

Her sister Anne, spritelesse for dread to heare
This fearefull sturre, with nailes gan teare her face,
She smote her brest, and rushed through the rout.
Surrey. Virgile. Encis, b. iv
[Cursed be the] stirrers vp of princes to battaile and warre.
Tyndall. Workes, p. 194.

What should I speake of others in the same case dyuers and notable, whose death for manhood and seruice, can want no worthie prayse, so long as these vglie stirrers of Sir J. Cheke. Hurt of Sedition.

rebellion can be had in minde.
Smith. Wealth of Nations, b i. c. 10.

O if thou be'st some fugitive, who, lost
To liberty and virtue, art become
A tyrant's vile stipendiary, that arm,
That valour, thus triumphant I deplore.

Glover. Leonidas, b. viii.
STIPULATE, v. Fr. Stipuler; It. Stipulàre;
STIPULATION. Sp. Estipular; Lat. Stipu

lare, from stipula, a reed or straw; because, in contracts or bargains respecting land, the parties held a straw in their hands, which represented the whole land, (Vossius.)

For all in blood and spoile is his delight-
His am JAtin, his in wrong and right,
That matter make for him to worke upon,
And stirre him up to strife and cruell fight.

Spenser. Faerie Queene, b. ii, c. 4.
And there arose such rut th' unruly rout among,
That soon the noise thereof through all the ocean rung.
When Portsey, weighing well the ill to her might grow,
In that their mighty stirs might be her overthrow,
She strongly strengthtneth-in the entrance to her bay.
Drayton. Poly-Olbion, s, 2.
They cannot sleep soundly, but the crowing of the cock,
Granger. On Eccles. (1621), p. 320

To contract, to bargain; to ask or require the noise of little birds,—every small stirrage waketh thein. terms or conditions; to covenant or agree.

Therefore he desir'd a valuable caution for the performance of those articles which were stipulated in their favour. Howell, b. i. Let. 20.

The covenant, or rather the covenant charter, was given soon after the fall to mankind in general, and has been carried on through successive generations by new stipulating acts in every age.-Waterland. Works, vol. vii. p. 78.

Could he present a sacrifice, or disburse a satisfaction to his own justice? Could God alone contract and stipulate with God in our behalf? No.-Barrow, vol. i. Ser. 32.

That which unites them is not their being together in the same place, but their being obliged together under the same laws and stipulations, and communicating with one another in the duties and privileges of one and the same charter. Scott. Christian Life, pt. ii. c. 8.

Hence we may understand upon what ground and with what equity and reason salvation is promised in scripture to faith, without the express stipulation of any other condition.-Bp. Horsley, vol. iii. Ser. 42.

In all stipulations, whether they be expressed or implied, lating must both possess the liberty of assent and refusal, private or public, formal or constructive, the parties slipuand also be conscious of that liberty.

STIR, v. STIR, n. STIRRER. STIRRING, n. STIRRAGE.

Paley. Moral Philosophy, b. iv. c. 3.

Dut. Stoor-en; Ger. Stewren; A. S. Stir-ian, to move. See TO STEER, STERN, &c.

To move, to cause motion or emotion; to rouse, to excite; to put into commotion, confusion, disturbance, tumult.

Corineus thur with harde smot & sturede hym a boute,
And made his wey bi either syde, and percede the route.
R. Gloucester, p. 17.

Thou may not ligge & slepe as monke in his dortoure,
Thou salle rise vp and lepe, & stirre vuto the stoure.
R. Brunne, p. 256.
For he ne myghte steppe ne stand. ne stere for ne hondes
For helpe hym selve sothliche.—Piers Plouhman, p. 324.

And whanne he was entred into Jerusalem all the citee

was stirid and seide, who is this ?-Wiclif. Matthew, c. 21.

His fadir sigh him. and was stirid by mersy, and he ran: and fel on his necke, and kisside him.—Id. Luk, c. 15.

And lo a greet stiryng was maad in the see so that the schip was hilid with wawis, but he slept.-Id. Matt. c. 8.

But I see

My admiration has drawn night upon me,
And longer to expect my friend may pull me
Into suspicion of too late a stirrer
Which all good governments are jealous of

Beaum. & Fletch. The Chances, Act i. sc. 3.
How is thy mind

Affected since the vintage? dost thou find
New thoughts and stirrings in thee? and, as steel
Touch'd with a load-stone, dost new motions feel.
Donne. To Mr. Tilman

All those sublime thoughts which tower above the clouds, and reach as high as heaven itself, take their rise and footing here in all that real extent wherein the mind wanders, in those remote speculations, it may seem to be elevated with, it stirs not one jot beyond those ideas which sense or reflection have offered for its contemplation. Locke. On Hum. Underst. b. ii. 1.

Let us remember, that in this state of imperfection, there is scarce any truth so bright and clear, but that an industrious stirrer up of doubts may do somewhat towards cloud ing and darkening it.—Atterbury, vol. iii. Ser. 8.

Now stir the fire and close the shutters fast,
Let fall the curtains, wheel the sofa round,
And while the bubbling and loud hissing urn
Throws up a steamy column, and the cups,
That cheer but not inebriate, wait on each,
So let us welcome peaceful ev'ning in.

Cowper. Task, b. iv
'Tis pleasant, through the loopholes of retreat,
To peep at such a world; to see the stir
Of the great Babel, and not feel the crowd.-Id. Ib.
How well her looks express

For this world's good a cherish'd hopelessness!
A resignation that is so entire,

It feels not now the stirrings of desire,
What now to her is all the world esteems.

STIRIOUS.

Crabbe. Tales of the Hall, b. viii. Lat. Stiria, a drop.

A drop or globule-of frozen water. Chrystal is found sometimes in rocks, and in some places not much unlike the stirrious or stillicidious dependencies of ice.-Brown. Vulgar Errours, b. ii. c. 1.

STIRPS. Lat. Stirps, which Scaliger derives from σTepeоrous, as if spoken de solidioribus. The trunk or stock, of a family or race; a family or race.

No tearmes digne vnto her excellence,
So is she sprong of noble atirpe and high

Chaucer. The Court of Lous.