Here, we conceive, your correspondent's BUT would make a miserable figure;

(1.) Thus he spoke praying; and his prayer Phoebus Apollo heard, BUT after they had prayed," &c.

(2.) "And young men by his side were holding spits with five prongs; BUT after the thighs," &c.

(3.)" And they roasted them dextrously and drew them all from the spits; BUT when they had," &c.

(4.) "Nor did their inclination any more long after, &c. BUT when," &c.

AYTAP in each of these places has reference to time, and denotes the transition from one part of the process to another; but there is no such idea as opposition in the case; and if so, why translate the word in English by BUT? BUT denotes opposition, objection, and not transition.

AYTAP in the passage before us, in each place, corresponds exactly to the Latin deinde, or tum, viz. then, or, in the next place. In the second line; "Then, after they had finished praying, &c... Why,—what then? why, then they drew back the heads of the victims," &c. and so in the other three cases. Perhaps then your correspondent will in future discriminate between the words BUT and THEN, viz. between opposition and transition.

Thus it appears that there are two usages of AYTAP; (1.) where it denotes objection, or (as your correspondent will have it) opposition; (2.) where it has reference to time, and signifies then, in the next place. If, therefore, in the instance before us we can show that AYTAP is equivalent to deinde, this objection is removed.

I

II. Let us now consider the government of xiroquai: "Henry Stephen (Stephens, any other person would have said) in his Thesaurus, objects to this (the common) interpretation, because Airtoua governs not the dative but the accusative case." A very plausible reason! See Porson's note on the Orestes, 1. 663. Who does not know that Xicoquat is never followed by any case but the accusative? Who is there so infatuated, so illiterate, as to doubt this construction? Bellanger, it is true, objected to it, and we see how deservedly he has been censured by the learned Professor; and yet your correspondent rails against Porson's severity. Our only wonder is, that he at all noticed what he knew to be many degrees below contempt. This exquisite note of the Professor, we should have thought, might have served as a scourge to groveling critics, and have swept them from the view, as the Dunciad cleared the garrets of Grub-street. Your correspondent's mode of arguing with respect to the government of alocqua,, is more exceptionable than that of Bellanger.

Let us compare the arguments of this " par nobile fratrum : "Bellanger," inquit Porsonus, " ut probet, iooouas dativum regere posse, citat versum ex Phavorino, ubi verbum airoua sequitur genitivus, subaudito, ait ille, ἐπὶ vel πρός. Λίσσομαι Ζηνὸς Ολυμπίου,

1 We are not convinced of the inaccuracy, although we allow the infrequency, of the word Stephen for Stephanus. It appears to us that the proper Latin for Stephens would be Stephanius. EDIT.

VOL. IV. No. vIII.

R

qurros. Vides versum Homericum, sed mutilum [Od. B. 68.] Hinc arguit Bellanger: si irouas genitivum regit, subaudito vels, dativum etiam regere potest, quoniam vel weis non minùs dativum regunt. Egregia probatio!"

Your correspondent, it is true, does not adopt Bellanger's "weak and unsatisfactory" proof, (as he himself allows) but proceeds upon a new system, terrifying, or rather striving to terrify, all reasonable men by empty sounds, and appealing with an air of anticipated triumph to the immutable principles of language." "If it be objected," says he, " that xiropas has in no'instance a dative case after it, it is sufficient to reply, that reason and analogy would warrant the dative case after it in every instance; and that Homer has only done on this occasion, what he might have done on all occasions, without violating propriety." What your correspondent means by reason, no man can pretend to say that the words Miroquai, iraνεύω, ἱκετεύω, λιπαρέω, λιταίνω, and all others of this sort, are invariably followed by the accusative case, and by no other, no one in his senses will for a moment deny: consequently this government alone is strictly conformable with analogy: how then could Homer have made the verb govern the dative, "without violating propriety?" Such a construction could not have come from the mouth of Homer, or of any other Greek, and neither reason nor analogy can sanction a barbarism which goes directly counter to both.

By this law, any verb might govern any case, and any construction would be allowable; the distinctions of grammar would be totally destroyed, and nothing remain but blunder and confusion. Call you these "the immutable principles of language," this “consistent with the nature of things?"

JALOFF NUMERALS.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE CLASSICAL JOURNAL.

SIR, THE following collection of Numerals in the Jaloff Language, was sent to me by a gentleman, who has been for some years in Africa, and has had frequent opportunities of conversing with the Jaloffs. Presuming it to be more correct as well as more ample than the list printed in your JOURNAL, No. vii. p. 118.. I take the liberty of sending it. At my request, the gentleman has also drawn up a grammatical sketch of the Jaloff Language, and also a tolerably copious vocabulary.

P. S. It is very likely that this language is ancient, though now much mixed with Arabic. The mode of counting by fives, is very probably the primitive mode; as the fingers of the left hand served for this purpose, being told or pointed to by the Index of the right and it is natural to suppose, that this mode obtained long before that of counting by tens, in which the fingers of both hands were employed. Homer represents Proteus numbering his seacalves by fives, as your Classical readers will at once recollectΑὐτὰρ ἐπὴν πάσας ΠΕΜΠΑΣΣΕΤΑΙ, ἠδὲ ἴδηται, Λέξεται ἐν μέσσοισι, νομοὺς ὡς πώεσι μήλων.

ODYSS. A. v. 412. "His herd

Of Phocæ numb'ring first, he will pass thro'
And sum them all by FIVES; then lying down
Will sleep, as sleeps the shepherd with his flock."

Cowper.

The author of this collection makes one remark on the manner of pronouncing the gh among the Jaloffs: he says, " they give those letters a strong guttural sound, such as the North Britons do in the words lough, laugh, fought, daughter, &c."

522

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