similarity between simple ideas, 328 n.; on difference, 329; on cause and effect, 340 ff.
HUXLEY, T. H., on the meaning of 'soul,' 37; his diagrams, 297 n.; his views on talent, 448
Idea (i) as general term, for all presenta- tions, 23; conflict of, 201 ff., 306 Idea (ii) as general term for all re-presen- tations, 46, 52, 69, 77, 169; 'spon- taneous' revival of, 235 f.; see Image Idea (iii) in thought and constructive imagination, 184; as implicit or 'tied,' 184, 185; as 'free,' 184; presupposes perceptual complexity, 187 fin.; its emergence and further developments, 189-201; generic, 189, psychological and logical distinguished, 190; specific (a', a",...), 189, 190; connexion of generic and specific, 200 Idealism, subjective, 30 Ideation, see also Imagination; genesis and development of, 178-91; (a) the subjective side of this genesis, 180-3; (b) the objective side, 184-91,; types of, 198 n., 239 fin.
Identity, real, 165 f.; as a category,
332 ff.; two meanings of, 332; unity and plurality involved in both, 333; material I., 333 f.; numerical, 334 Image, see also Idea (ii); no simple, 169 f.; lacks fixity, 171 f.; transitional stages between impression and I., 174 ff.; proper, described, 177 f.; not a revived impression, 177, nor the mere residuum of one, 179; 'generic,' 190 n., 199, 200, 299, 305, 306, 307 Imagination, or Ideation, ch. vii; forms a secondary continuum, 173, 177; con- nexion of this with the primary con- tinuum, 177 f.; 'liberty' of, contrasted with fixity of memory, 206 Imitation, and language, 290 Immediacy, 32, 41, 463 Impersonalisation, 366 Impressions, 103, 105; recognition of,
142; localisation of, 144; distinction of I. and ideas, 169-78; 'liveliness' or vividness of, 171, 177; forms interme- diate between I. and ideas, 174 ff.; absolute, 185 n. Inattention, 62, 63 Incopresentability, 80
Individual, the psychological, 74 f., 77, 286, 408, 416 fin., 429; the concrete, 409, 417; and heredity, 420-9; and characterology, 430 ff. Individuality, 288 n., 289, 420 n. Inneity, 451
Instinct, 53 m., 74 f., 181 f., 279, 384; and Anlage, 429, 443 f.; and talent, 448 f.
Integration, as accompanying differentia- tion, 139 f. Intellect, Intellection, Aristotle's passive and active, 4 f.; as distinct from merely understanding, 294; general character of, 294, 295, 302 f.; difficulty of de- fining, 294 f.; development of, 303ff.; relation of, to character, 453-6; and in- telligence distinguished, 455 f. Intellective systems, 311 f.
Intellectualism, 19-21; and evolution, 20; reaction against, 20, 42
Intensity, as the 'matter' of presentation, 49, 107; Kant on this, 49 m.; 'limi- nal' or minimal, 69, 89; effective, its constituents, 69, 118f.; of images, 170 f.; and feeling, 248 f., 263 f., 266 Interest, Interesting, 51, 255, 268 fin., 388, 392, 410 f., 414 f. 'Internal Sense,' 14-16 Intersubjective intercourse, 33, 286 n., 366 fin., 381, 396, 463 n. Introjection, 103
Introspection, 15; as retrospection, 373 Intuition, of things, 142, 161-7; items involved in, 161; reality, 161f.; physi- cal solidity, 162 f., 166; temporal and spatial relations of sense-data, 163 ff.; thing and its attributes, 166f.; forms of, 318 ff. Inwardness (of self), 376
JACKSON, HUGHLINGS, quoted, 190, 2772.
JAMES, W., on the self or subject, 39 n., 379 f., 381 n.; on 'feeling of effort,' 137 n.; on 'space inside the mouth,' 154 m.; his theory of emotion, 270-5; anticipations of, 270n.; on subcon- scious assimilation, 241; on religious geniuses, 468
Judgment, thought as, 305 f.; impersonal, 306 f.; definition of, 314 f.
KANT, and rational psychology, 13; on external and internal sense, 14, 380; on things per se, 18; his 'two stems of knowledge, 33 n., 294 fin.; on syn- thesis, 69, 316; his manifold,' 77; his handling of the characteristics of sensa- tions, 107; on schemata, 297 n.; on apperception, 308; on forms of intu- ition, 319; on self, 363 n.; on tem- peraments, 437 n., 439 n.; on genius, 450
KELLER, HELEN, case of, referred to, 291 Kinaesthetic sensations, 136, 137 Knowledge, distinction of sense-K. and thought-K., 32 f., 86, 292-5; genesis of, 359 f.
KRIES, J. VON, referred to, 161 nn.
LADD, G. T., referred to, 87 n., 266n.
LANGE, C., theory of emotion, 270 Language, 34, 190 n.; as social instru- ment, 286; leading features of its acquisition, 286-92; transition from emotional expression to intentional sign, 286 f.; characteristics of the higher apes and man, 288; individuality and its recognition, 288 ff.; smallness of primitive communities and prestige of their head, 290; gesture and articula- tion, 290 f.; varied experiences and impressibility, 291 f.
LEHMANN, A., on feeling, 264 n., 275 n. LEIBNIZ, his Monadology, 31; on sub- consciousness, 93 f.; on evolution and involution of ideas, 96 n.; on Locke's use of 'powers,' 98; on ubiquity, 149; on individuality, 288n.; on symbolic thinking, 297; on apperception, 308; his entelechies, 338; on motivation, 400; on Anlage, 428, 442 n.; on indi- viduality, 430; on souls and spirits, 463
LEWES, G. H., referred to, 53 n., 100, 108; his term preperception adopted, 186
Likeness, of complex 'contents,' 327; of simple, 327 ff.
Limitation, law of, 65, 67, 263 LIPPS, TH., referred to, 392 n.
Local signs, 80, 147 f., 149 fin., 152n.; retinal, 155
Localisation, 141, 152; the factors in- volved, 145-51; gradual development of, 152
LOCKE, his relation to Descartes, 12 f.; his two sources of ideas, 14 ff.; on the growth of self-consciousness, 15; his definition of consciousness, 21 n.; his use of idea,' 26, 46; on degrees of attention, 64, 65; on reality of impres- sions, 161 n.; on tempo in flow of ideas, 216, 217; on an instant,' 219; on continuity of time, 219; on unity, 320 f.; on substance, 337f.
Logic, influence of, on psychology, 302f., 313, 315, 327
LOTZE, H., his local signs, 147, 152 n.; quoted, 200; his temporal signs, 203 ff.; on the structure of concepts, 303 n.; on the meaning of It, 306; referred to on traducianism, 424 n.; on Gesinnun- gen, 458 n.
LUCAS, PROSPER, on heredity and inneity, 451 f.
MALAPERT, P., his Les Éléments du Caractère referred to, 439 n., 453 n., 460 n., 467
MANSEL, Dean, on sensation, 48; on the presentation of self, 363 n. MCTAGGART, J. M. E., his Commentary on Hegel referred to, 463 n., 464 n.
Meaning, primary, 143 fin.; of concepts,
300 f. MEINONG, A., on founded objects as not data, 317 f.; on difference, 329 Memorising, 222-7; effects of repetitions, (a) immediate, 224f.; (6) after varying intervals, 225 f.; (c) with varying dis- tribution, 226 f.; effects of rhythm, 227 f.
Memory (see Retentiveness), proper, 81, 189; characteristics, 206 f.; distin- guished from recognition, 207; M.- images (a1,a,...), 189 f.; M.-continuum or thread,' 191-8; as continuum,' 196; M.-types, 198, 239; ' experience- M. and knowledge, 207 f.; illusions of, 208
'Mental Chemistry,' 76, 103, 410 Method, questions of, 25 f., 27; in cha- racterology, 430-3
MEYER, G. H., quoted, 170; referred to, 1772.
MILL, JAS., 169 n., 208n., 347 n., 349, 394
MILL, J. S., on the subject of experience, 37, 39; on subconsciousness, 98 f.; on space, 146n.; on feeling, 264 n.; on substance, 337; on causation, 341; on belief, 347 n.; his Ethology, 409 n. ; on forms of association and character, 446 f. Mind, ambiguity of the term, 13, 39, 423 f.
Motivation, 399; Leibniz and Höffding on, 400
Motives, conflict of, 384, 400 Movements, neglected by early psy- chologists, 20; their characteristics, 50, 135-8; voluntary, 51, 52; emo- tional prior to purposive, 52, 140; as dynamic, 136, 137, 162; in spatial perception, 150 f.
MÜLLER, G. E., and collaborateurs, ex-
periments on memory, 227-38; their
Treffermethode, 230; quoted, 237, 242 MÜLLER, I., on specific energy of nerves, 109 n.; on motor innervation, 137 n.; referred to, 177 n.; on temperaments, 436 MÜLLER, MAX, on language, 288, 294 Multiple personality, 367 f.
MÜNSTERBERG, H., referred to, 108 n. Muscular sense, 20, 136 n., 137 n.
NAHLOWSKY, J. W., 249 n., 438 n. Name, as objective mark, 296; as facili- tating ideation, 296; economizes atten- tion, 297 Noises, 132 f.
Nominalism, and conceptualism, 298 f.; and sensationalism, 315 n. Novelty, 255 n., 268, 457 n.
Number, 323 ff.; and quantity, 323 n.; and counting, 323; direct intuition of,
spatial rather than temporal, 324; systematic numeration, 325
Object, as psychological term, 46 f. ; Os.
of higher order, 316 ff. 'Objective,' its different meanings in psychology and epistemology, 18 Obliviscence, 199, 215
Onomatopoeia, creative, 292; in children,
Organic sensations, 135, 136
Pain, and action, 55, 277 f.; and atten- tion, 262, 278
PASCAL, and the psychological individual, 75 n.; on belief, 357
PAULHAN, F., referred to, 309, 433 n., 467
Perception, 81; meanings of, 141 f.; 'of the external world'-see Intuition, of things; as partly representative, 167 f.; internal, 371-8; of subjective activity, 373 ff.; of feeling, 375 f. Perseveration, 233, 235 f. Persona, 369 n.
Personality, 286 n.; multiple, 367; what it means, 464; implies stability and progression, 464 ff.; crises in the de- velopment of, 468 f.; conversion' as an instance of these, 468 ff.; ranks of, 466 ff.
Plasticity, 83, 99, 179; and psychogeny, 409
Pleasure, and action, 55, 277; and atten-
tion, 262, 268; qualities of, 266 f.; the advance to higher' Ps., 267 ff.; and pain, their relation, 278 f.
Plurality, 323 f.
Positional signs, 150
Possible, contrasted with actual, 161, 178, 179, 187
Preference, 266 f.; analytic and synthetic, 402 f., 416 Preperception, 186 f.
Presentationism, 23 f., 70 f.; instances of, 36 f., 38 f., 381 f., 405 m., 411, 432, 456 Presentations, meaning of, 46; twofold relation of Ps., 46; not subjective modi- fication, 47, 61 n., 69; theory of, ch. iv; primary, 170; secondary, 170
'Primary meaning,' 143 Primary memory-image, 175 Primum cognitum, 200
Projection, 103, 152 f., 164
Protensity, 105, 107, 119, 213, 217 Psychogeny, the subjective factor regarded structurally, 412 f., regarded_func- tionally, 414-17; the objective factor, (1) the natural environment, 418; (2) the social, 418 f.
Psychologist's fallacy, the, 19, 48, 82
Psychology, definition of, ch. i, 28; ap- proximate description of, 1; three stages in its history-(a) that of Aris- totle, 2-6; (6) that of Descartes, 6-12; (c) the empirical, 12 ff.; P., objective and subjective, contrasted, 4; subjec tive, 7, 13; objective, 13; its stand- point, 17, 26 ff.; its distinction from epistemology, 18, 29-34; Analytic P., 26; Faculty' P., 57, 60 f., 70; 'As- sociationist' P., 23 n., 70, 179; Ato- mistic P. rejected, 49, 77, 78, 81, 143, 181, 183 f.; Rational, 379; general and special, 409 n.; 'differential,' 433 n. Psychophysical standpoint, of Aristotle, 2; preceded the psychological, 103, and yet presupposes it, 103 f.
Psychoplasm, 412; inherited by the con- crete individual, 425; elaborated by his ancestors, 426
Purposive action, and emotional expres- sion, 52, 276 ff.
RAVAISSON, F., on genius, 450 Reading, 238 ff.
Realism, transcendental, 18; naïve, 30 Reality, 161 f.; Locke and Berkeley on, 161 n.; degrees of, 382
'Reception' for 'sensation' proposed, 105 Recognition, of impressions, 142 ff., 185 'Recurrent sensations,' 175 Redintegration, 195
Reduplications of memory-thread, 199;
as condition of ideational tissue, 200, and of conflict of ideas, 202
Reflex Action, 51; as secondarily auto- matic, 52
Reflexion, as source of ideas, 14; as dis- tinct from mere consciousness, 372 f. REHMKE, J., on traducianism, 424 REID, THOS., on perception, 18; his cen- sure of Locke, 61; his geometry of visibles, 155; on sentiments, 458 n. Reification, 142, 313 f. Relations, 318
Relativity, 83 ff.; as formulated by Hobbes, 84; as differential theory of presenta- tions, 84; as formulated by Wundt, 88; as duality of experience, 89, 117; of the lower senses, 134 f.; of tactual and visual magnitudes, 153 f.; of feeling, 265 Reminiscence, and recognition, 189, 207 f.; and imagination, 208 Repetition and memorising, 222-7 Re-presentation, 52, 168, 185, 186, 196, 197. See also Idea (ii)
Residua, images as, 176 f., 179; of move- ments of attention, 215 Restriction, 79, 414
Retentiveness, 77, 80 ff.; distinct from
memory, 81, 189 Rhythmizing, 227-30; and tempo, 228 RIBOT, TH., on depersonalisation, 364; on moral inventors, 395 fin.; on here- dity, 423 nn.; on temperament, 437 n., 453 n.; on logic of sentiments, 456; on character, 465 f.
RICHET, C., description of feeling, 254 m. RIVERS and HEAD, Drs, their experi- ments on nerve division, 148 n. ROGET'S Thesaurus referred to, 253 n. ROMANES, G. J., his use of 'recept,' 105 n.; referred to, 250 RUSKIN, referred to, 256, 296 n.
Same, ambiguity of the word, 332 SCHOPENHAUER, on the primacy of will, 20; on altruism, 393; on freedom, 464; referred to 468 n.
SCHUMANN, F., criticized, 317 n. SCHWARZ, H., on choice, 402 n. Selection, subjective, 50 f., 79, 139, 140,
180, 244, 280, 312, 391, 409, 415 n., 416, 425, 469; natural, 280, 415 n., 417, 418, 453
Self, 35 fin.; pure S., 35, 361 ff., 377 ff.; empirical S., 35, 361 ff.; as 370, sensitive, 364 f.; as imagining, 365 f.; as thinking, 368 ff.
Self-consciousness, 371-6, 383, 384, 392; and conscience, 395, 404, 407, 463 Self-conservation, principle of, 246, 278, 462
Self-interest, 392 Self-sacrifice, 397 f.
Sensationalism-see Presentationism Sensations, not subjective states, 47, 61 n., 104; differentiation of, 78 f., 108-15; simplicity of, 78, 169; indirect evidence of complexity, 114; characteristics of, 78, 105-8, mutual relations of these, 106 f.; definition of, 102 ff.; 'general' S. as distinguished from 'special,' III; S.-complexes, 113, 134; quantitative continuity of, 115f.; extensity of, 116 f.; intensity of, 118 f.; protensity of, 119f.; qualities of, 120-35; of sight, 120-6, white and black, 120-3, colours, 124-6; of sound, 126-33, simple tones, 126 f., clangs, 127 f., timbre, 128 f., conson- ance and dissonance, 129-32, noises, 132 f., speech, 133; of the lower senses, 133-5; kinaesthetic, 136 Sense, 'internal,' 15; and Understanding, 292-5
Sentiments, 456-60; the 'logic' of, 456 f.; as dispositional, 457 f.; distin- guished from feelings and emotions, 458 f.; and Gesinnungen, 458 n., 459 SETH, J., referred to, 469 n.
SHAND, A. F., referred to, 439 n., 458n., 460 n.
SHERRINGTON, C. S., 105 n., 275 SIDGWICK, H., quoted, 396 n., referred to, 403 n.
Signs, see Local, Temporal; natural and conventional, 287 f.
SIGWART, C., on impersonal judgments, 306; on the differences between indi- viduals, 420 m.; his Logic quoted, Similarity, association by, 187 n., 191 f., 315n. 196
'Skeletal tone,' 53
SMITH, ADAM, on conscience, 369 Social factor, 33 f.
Social Medium, Social Environment, etc., 384, 389, 418, 419. (Cf. Intersubjective Intercourse)
Solipsism, implications of, 30 Somatic Consciousness-see Coenaesthesis SORLEY, W. R., referred to, 403 n. Soul, Aristotle's conception of, 3; his three kinds of, 3, 6; a metaphysical term, 35 fin.; Huxley on, 37
Space, perceptual and conceptual distin- guished, 144 f., 149, 319; tactual per- ception of, 151 ff.; spatial reference,' 152 f.; visual perception of, 153-61, among Invertebrata, 156, among Ver- tebrata, 156-61; occupation of, 163 Span of prehension, 223
Specific energy of nerves, 109 n. Speech, internal, 239. See also Language SPENCER, HERBEKT, on subjective and objective psychology, 13; on self-con- sciousness, 38; on voluntary action, 51, 52; his automatic association,' 82; on the transformation of neural processes, 100; on primitive sensation, 108; on spatial perception, 146; on voluntary muscular antagonism, 163; on the dif- ference between impressions and ideas, 168; on the successional character of experience, 197 m., 221; on graceful- ness, 259; on 'inconceivability of the opposite,' 349 ff.; on absolute begin- ning, 409.; his appeal to biological analogies in psychogeny, 410; on indi- vidual development, 467 n. SPINOZA, on distance as imagined, 215n.; his 'substance' distinguished from sub- ject, 382; referred to, 470
STEINTHAL, H., quoted, 186 n.; onoma- topoeia, 292 n.; on apperception, 311n. STERN, L.W., on psychical present, 214., 223 n.; on differential psychology,
433n., 437.; 444 n. STEWART, D., quoted, 458 STOUT, J. G. F., on implicit and ex- plicit apprehension, 96n., 297 n.; his use of primary meaning,' 143; of 'im- pressional association,' 186 n. ; on forms of apperception, 309 n.; his use of anoetic, 317
STUMPF, C., on relativity, 89; on clang- complexes, 113; on consonance, 130n.; on noises, 132n.; quoted, 433n. Subconsciousness, of impressions, 90 ff.; implies continuity, 93; Leibniz on, 93; of ideas, 94 ff.; and habit, 98; J. S. Mill on, 98 f.; Wundt on, 99 f.; and inseparable association, 185; and feel- ing, 264 n.
Subject, the, 34-41 ; and the individuality of the organism, 36f.; attempts to regard it as a phenomenal series, 37 f. 'Subjective,' and 'objective,' ambiguity of, 18, 32
Subjective Being, 376-82 Subliminal, 95 n. Subpresentations, 92
Substance, category of, 334-40; and sub- ject, 338; as stuff, 338
Succession and association, 193 ff., 1972.; as mode of time, 212-15
Suggestion, use of by Locke and Berkeley,
SULLY, J., referred to, 201 m., 256, 415N., 465
Synthesis, 69, 72, 139, 140, 195, 302, 316;
forms of, ch. xiii; intuitional, space and time, 318 ff.; categories, formal, (a) mathematical, 320-5, (6) logical, 325- 34; real, 334-46; binary S. of judg ment, 326 f.; of association and apper- ception contrasted, 326 f.; general, of experience, ch. xvii, and general ana- lysis compared, 409 f.; the subjective factor, 412-17, the objective, 417-20
Talent, 444-50; its relation to instinct, 448 f.; and to genius, 449 f. TARDE, G., referred to, 290 Temperament, 434-43; history of phy- siological theories of, 435 ff.; psycho- logical facts concerned, 437 ff.; its connexion with Anlage, 439f.; coenaes- thesis as clue to, 440 Temperatures, 133, 134 Tempo, 216, 217, 218
Temporal signs, 197, 203 ff., 208, 214, 215, 216; Lotze's view of, 203 ff. TETENS, referred to, 19
THORNDIKE, E. L., his animal asso- ciation,' 186 n.
Thought, and language, 296 ff. (see Name); and ideation, 298-302; nominalism and conceptualism, 298 f.; concrete' con- cepts, 299 f.; 'abstract' concepts, 300f.; as 'intentional,' 301; 'condensation of thought,' 301 f., 326; conception and imagination, 302; as analytic, 305 ff.; the judgment first, 305 f.; as synthetic, 307, ch. xiii
Threshold, of consciousness, 91 f.; of dif- ference, 92 Timbre, 112
Time, perception of, 210 f.; present, 210, 212, 213; psychical, 214; past and future, 210 f.; modes of, 212-19; per- cept and concept of, distinguished, 212, 213, 221, 319; duration, 212 f.; suc- cession and simultaneity, 213 ff.; T.-per- spective, 213 f.; indifference-T., 217; optimal T., 218; continuity of, 219 ff. TITCHENER, E. B., referred to, 90 n., 252 n., 253 'Tonic action,' 53
Touch, 135; passive, 148, 151, 163; active, 149, 151, 163 Traducianism, 424 Transsubjective, 32
Truth (and Knowledge), pursuit of, 391, 416
Unity, subjective, 31; objective, 31, 49, 77; as category, 320 ff.; implies rela- tion, 320n.; of concept and judgment compared, 322; transcendental, 380 URBAN, W. M., referred to, 456, 457 n.
Value, 272, 386-98; ground of, 386;
meaning, 387 f.; instrumental and in- trinsic, 390; differences in rank of, 401 f.; V.-movements, 267 f., 390; and teleological categories, 390 f.; and the Ego, 392; and the Alter, 393 ff. Variety, Hamilton's law of, 84 VIERORDT, K., his law, 154 Vision, passive and active, 155 f.; peri- scopic, 157; stereoscopic, 157; bino- cular, 157; monocular, 160 VOLKELT, J., quoted, 253 n.
VOLKMANN, W. VON, on 'reflex sensa- tions, 250 n.; on language, 292; on temperament, 437 n.
Vorstellung, 46 Vowel sounds, 133
WEBER, E. H., his Law, 115; his Ortsinn, 147; his experiments and the primary memory-image, 175, 185; on human locomotion, 259
WEISMANN, A., and his critics referred to, 426 n.
WOLFF, C. F., his rational psychology,
13; his definition of feeling, 19; refers to 'field of consciousness,' 90 n. WUNDT, W., on relativity, 88; on sub- consciousness, 99 f.; on continuity of time, 220; on heterogony of ends, 268 n.; his use of 'apperception,' 310n., 311.; his law of dichotomy, 326 f.; on feeling, 251 f.
CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY J. B. PEACE, M.A., AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS
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