mined. TAHAPANES, Jer. 2:16, or TAHPANHES, Jer. 43:7,9, or TEHAPHNEHES, Ezek. 30:18, the name of an Egyptian city, for which the seventy put Taphne, and this the Greeks write Daphne. This city lay in the vicinity of Pelusium, towards the southwest, on the western bank of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile; and is therefore called by Herodotus the Pelusiac Daphne. To this after the destruction of Jerusalem by the Chaldeans, taking with them the prophet Jeremiah. Jer. 43:7-9. 44:1. That Tahapanes was a large and important city, is apparent from the threats uttered against it by Ezekiel, c. 30:18. original name was preserved till || with difficulty traced and deterthe time of Alexander, who extended his conquests to this city, which then exchanged Tadmor for the title of Palmyra. It submitted to the Romans about the year 130, and continued in alliance with them during a period of 150 years. When the Saracens triumphed in the East, they acquired possession of this city, and restored its ancient name of Tadmor. Of the time of its ruin there is no authentic record; but it is thought, with some proba-city many of the Jews retired, bility, that its destruction occurred during the period in which it was occupied by the Saracens. Of its present appearance Messrs. Wood and Dawkins, who visited it in 1751, thus speak: "It is scarcely possible to imagine any thing more striking than this view. So great a number of Corinthian pillars, mixed with so little wall or solid building, afforded a most romantic variety of prospect." Volney observes, "In the space covered by these ruins, we sometimes find a palace, of which nothing remains but the court and walls; sometimes a temple, whose peristyle is half thrown down; and now a portico, a gallery, a triumphal arch. If from this striking scene we cast our eyes upon the ground, another almost as varied presents itself. On which side soever we look, the earth is strewed with vast stones half buried, with broken entablatures, mutilated friezes, disfigured reliefs, effaced sculptures, violated tombs, and altars defiled by the dust." It is situated under a ridge of barren hills to the west, and its other sides are open to the desert. The city was originally about ten miles in circumference; but such have been the destructions effected by time, that the boundaries are TALENT. This was a weight used among the Jews, Greeks, and Romans, but varying exceedingly in different countries and in different parts of the same country. The Jewish talent is usually estimated at about 125 pounds troy weight; though others estimate it a little less than 114 pounds troy. The common Attic talent was equal, on the usual estimate, to about 56 lbs. 11 oz. troy. In the N. T. a talent is a denomination of money, which was anciently reckoned by weight. The value of the talent, therefore, varied in different countries, in proportion to the different weights of the talent. The Jewish talent appears, from Ex. 38:25,26, to have been equal to 3000 shekels, and as the shekel is estimated at about 50 cents, the value of the talent would be about 1500 dollars. The Attic talent is usually reckoned at about 225 pounds sterling, or 1000 dollars; though others make it only about 860 dollars. The talent spoken of in the N. T. is probably the Jewish, and is used only of an indefinitely large sum. Matt. 18:24. 25:15,16, &c. TAMMUZ, a pagan idol, mentioned in Ezek. 8:14, where the women are represented as weeping for it. It is generally supposed that Tammuz was the same deity as the heathen Adonis. porium in the west to which the Hebrews and Phoenicians traded. That Tarshish was situated in the west is evident from Gen. 10:4, where it is joined with Elisha, Kittim and Dodanim. See also Ps. 72:10. According to Ezek. 38:13, it was an important place of trade; according to Jer. 10:9, it exported silver; and according to Ezek. 27:12,25, silver, iron, tin and lead to the Tyrian markets. They embarked for this place from Joppa. Jonah 1:3,4. In Isa. 23:1,6,10, it is evidently represented as an important Phoenician colony. It is named among other distant states, in Isa. 66:19. All these notices agree with Tartessus. TARES. It is not easy to decide whether, by the term zizania, (tares,) in Matt, 13:25, the Saviour intends indifferently all plants which grow among grain, or some particular species. All we are certain of from the circumstances of the parable is, that it is a plant which rises to the height of the corn. "Among the hurtful weeds," says John- In the interval between the son, "darnell (lolium album) is composition of the books of Kings the first. It bringeth forth leaves and Chronicles, this name seems like those of wheat or barley, yet to have been transferred to derougher, with a long ear, made note any distant country; hence up of many little ones, every the Tarshish ships that went to particular whereof containeth two Ophir, 1 K. 22:48,49, are said or three grains lesser than those expressly by the writer of Chronof wheat; scarcely any chaffy icles to have gone to Tarshish. husk to cover them with; by 2 Chr. 9:21. 20:36. There is reason whereof they are easily no necessity, then, for the adopshaken about, and scattered tion of a second Tarshish, perabroad. They grow in fields || haps in India or Ethiopia. among wheat and barley. They spring and flourish with the corn; and in August the seed is ripe. Darnell is called in the Arabian tongue, zizania." Forskal says the darnell is well known to the people of Aleppo. It grows If the seeds reamong corn. main mixed with the meal, they render a man drunk by eating the bread. The reapers do not separate the plant; but, after the threshing, they reject the seeds by means of a fan or sieve. This beautifully illustrates the parable of our Saviour, Matt. 13:25, &c. TARSHISH, the name of a city and country in Spain, Tartessus, the most celebrated em Tarshish ships is employed in Isa. 23:1,14. 60:9, &c. to denote any large merchant ships bound on long voyages, even though they were sent to other countries instead of Tarshish. The Eng lish phrase an Indiaman is very similar. TARSUS, the name of a celebrated city, the metropolis of Cilicia, situated on the banks of the river Cydnus, which flowed through and divided it into two parts. Tarsus was distinguished for the culture of Greek literature and philosophy, so that at one time, in its schools and in the number of its learned men, it was the rival of Athens and Al ex exandria. In reward for its ertions and sacrifices during the civil wars of Rome, Tarsus was made a free city by Augustus. It was the privilege of such cities, that they were governed by their own laws and magistrates, and were not subjected to the jurisdiction of a Roman governor, nor to the power of a Roman garrison; although they acknowledged the supremacy of the Roman people, and were bound to aid them against their enemies. That the freedom of Tarsus, however, was not equivalent to being a Roman citizen, appears from this, that the tribune, although he knew Paul to be a citizen of Tarsus, Acts 21:39, yet ordered him to be scourged, 22:24, but desisted from his purpose when he learned that Paul was a Roman citizen, 22:27. It is therefore probable, that the ancestors of Paul had obtained the privilege of Roman citizenship in some other way. Acts 9:30. 11:25. 22:3. TAVERNS, THREE, see APPII FORUM. TEHAPHNEHES, see TA HAPANES. TEIL-TREE, the same with the lime or linden. See OAK. TEKOA, a city of Judah, 2 Sam. 14:2, twelve miles from Jerusalem, south. The wilderness of Tekoa, mentioned 2 Chr. 20:20, is not far from the Dead sea. TEMAN means, in general, the south. It is also put for a city, district and people, in the south, situated in the desert east of Idumea, and so called from Teman, a descendant of Esau. Gen. 36:11,15. Jer. 49:7,20. Hab. 3:3. TEMPLE. After the Lord had instructed David that Jerusalem was the place he had chosen, in which to fix his dwelling, that pious prince began to realize his design of preparing a temple for the Lord, that might be something worthy of his divine majesty. He opened his mind on this subject to the prophet Nathan, but the Lord did not think fit that he should execute his purpose. The honor was reserved for Solomon, his son and successor, who was to be a peaceful prince, and not like David, who had shed much blood in war. David, however, applied himself to collect great quantities of gold, silver, brass, iron, and other materials for this undertaking. 2 Sam. c. 7. 1 Chr. c. 22. The place chosen for erecting this magnificent structure was mount Moriah, the summit of which, originally, was unequal, and its sides irregular; but it was an object of ambition with the Jews to level and extend it. The plan and the whole model of this structure was laid by the same divine architect as that of the tabernacle, viz. God himself; and it was built much in the same form as the tabernacle, but was of much larger dimensions. The utensils for the sacred service were also the same as those used in the tabernacle, only several of them were larger, in proportion to the more spacious edifice to which they belonged. The foundations of this magnificent editice were laid by Solomon, in the year B. C. 1008, and it was finished B. C. 1000, having occupied seven years and six months in the building. It was dedicated the next year, with peculiar solemnity, to the worship of Jehovah, who condescended to make it the place for the special manifestation of his glory. 2 Chr. c. 5, 6, 7. The front or en trance to the temple was on the eastern side, and consequently facing the mount of Olives, which commanded a noble prospect of the building: the holy of holies, therefore, stood towards the west. The temple itself, strictly socalled, which comprised the porch, the sanctuary, and the holy of holies, formed only a small part of the sacred edifice, these being surrounded by spacious courts, chambers, and other apartments, which were much more extensive than the temple itself. From the descriptions which are handed down to us of the temple of Solomon, it is utterly impossible to obtain so accurate an idea of its relative parts and their respective proportions, as to furnish such an account as may be deemed satisfactory to the reader. Hence we find no two writers agreeing in their descriptions. The following account may give a general idea of the building. The temple itself was seventy cubits long; the porch being ten cubits, 1 K. 6:3, the holy place forty cubits, ver. 17, and the most holy place, twenty cubits, 2 Chr. 3:8. The width of the porch, holy and most holy places was twenty cubits, 2 Chr. 3:3, and the height over the holy and most holy places was thirty cubits, 1 K. 6:2, but the height of the porch was much greater, being no less than 120 cubits, 2 Chr. 3:4, or four times the height of the rest of the building. To the north and south sides, and the west end of the holy and most holy places, or all around the edifice, from the back of the porch on the one side, to the back of the porch on the other side, certain buildings were attached. These were called side chambers, and consisted of three stories, each five cubits high, 1 K. 6:10, and joined to the wall of the temple without. Thus the three stories of side chambers, when taken together, were fifteen cubits high, and consequently reached exactly to half the height of the side walls, and end of the temple; so that there was abundance of space, above these, for the windows which gave light to the temple, ver. 4. The Court of the Gentiles was so called because it might be entered by persons of all nations. The chief entrance to it was by the east gate, which was the principal gate of the temple. It was the exterior court, and by far the largest of all the courts belonging to the temple; and is said by some to have covered a space of more than fourteen acres; but this is hardly credible. It was separated from the court of the women, by a wall three cubits high of lattice work. It was from this court that our Saviour drove the persons who had established a cattle-market, for the purpose of supplying those with sacrifices who came from a distance. Matt. 21:12,13. We must not overlook the beautiful pavement of variegated marble, and the piazzas, or covered walks, with which this court was surrounded. Those on the east, west and north sides were of the same dimensions; but that on the south was much larger. The porch called Solomon's, John 10:23, Acts 3:11, was on the east side or front of the temple, and was so called because it was built by this prince, upon a high wall rising from the valley of Kedron. The Court of the Women, called in Scripture the new court, 2 Chr. 20:5, and the outer court, by the Jews, not because none but women were permitted to enter it, but because it was their appointed place of worship, beyond which they might not go, unless when they brought a sacrifice, in which case they went forward to the court of Israel. The gate which led into this court, from that of the Gentiles, was the beautiful gate of the temple, mentioned Acts 3:2, so called, because the folding doors, lintel and side-posts, were all overlaid with Corinthian brass. The court itself was 135 cubits square, having four gates, one on each side; and on three of its sides were piazzas, with galleries above them, whence could be seen what was passing in the great court. It was in this court of the women, called the treasury, that our Saviour delivered his striking discourse to the Jews, related in John 8:1-20. It was into this court, also, that the Pharisee and publican went to pray, Luke 18:10-13, and into which the lame man followed Peter and John, after he was cured; the court of the women being the ordinary place of worship for those who brought no sacrifice. Acts 3:8. From thence, after prayers, he went back with them, through the beautiful gate of the temple, where he had been lying, and through the sacred fence, into the court of the Gentiles, where, under the eastern piazza, or Solomon's porch, Peter delivered that sermon which converted 5000. It was in the same court of the women, that the Jews laid hold of Paul, when they judged him a violator of the temple, by taking Gentiles within the sacred fence. Acts 21:26, &c. Ezek. 46:21, was so designated || arated from the court of the women by a wall thirty-two and a half cubits high, on that side, but on the other only twenty-five. The reason of which difference was, that as the rock on which the temple stood always became higher on advancing westward, the several courts naturally became elevated in proportion. The ascent into the court was by a flight of fifteen steps, of a semicircular form. The whole length of the court from east to west was 187 cubits, and the breadth from north to south, 135 cubits. This was divided into two parts, one of which was the court of the Israelites, and the other, the court of the priests. The former was a kind of piazza surrounding the latter, under which the Israelites stood while their sacrifices were burning in the court of the priests. The space which was comprised in the court of the priests was 165 cubits long, and 119 cubits wide, and was raised two and a half cubits above the surrounding court, from which it was separated by the pillars which supported the piazza, and the railing which was placed between them. Within this court stood the brazen altar, on which the sacrifices were consumed, the molten sea, in which the priests washed, and the ten brazen lavers, for washing the sacrifices; also the various utensils and instruments for sacrificing, which are enumerated in 2 Chr. c. 4. It is necessary to observe here, that although the court of the priests was not accessible to all Israelites, as that of Israel was to all the priests, yet they might enter it on three several occasions; viz. to lay their hands on the animals which they offered, or to kill them, or to wave some part of them. The Court of Israel was sep |