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THUMMIM, see URIM. THYATIRA, a city of Lydia, in Asia Minor, anciently called Pelopia and Euhippia, now Akhisar. It was situated on the confines of Lydia and Mysia, near the river Lycus, between Sardis and Pergamus. Acts 16:14. Rev. 1:11. 2:18,24. The art of dyeing purple was particularly cultivated at Thyatira, as appears from an inscription found there. See Miss. Her. for 1821, p. 251.

THYINE-WOOD, Rev. 18: 12, the wood of the thyia v. thuja articulata of Linnæus, an aromatic evergreen tree, resembling the cedar, and found in Libya. The wood was used in burning incense.

TIBERIAS, a city of Galilee, founded by Herod Antipas, and named by him in honor of the emperor Tiberius. It is situated on the south-west shore of the lake of Gennesareth, about an hour's ride from the place where the Jordan issues from the lake. In the vicinity of the city were hot springs, which were much celebrated. The lake is also sometimes called, from the city, the sea of Tiberias. John 6:1,23. 21:1. (See the article SEA, and Miss. Her. for 1824, p. 308.) After the destruction of Jerusalem, Tiberias was celebrated as the seat of a flourishing school of Jewish learning.

TIBERIUS, i. e. Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero, the second emperor of Rome. He was the son of Livia, and step-son of Augustus; and, being adopted by that emperor, he succeeded to his throne A. D. 14. He died A. D. 37, after a cruel reign of twenty-two and a half years. It was in the fourteenth year of his reign that John the Baptist first appeared; and the crucifix

ion of Jesus took place in the third or fourth year after. Luke 3:1.

TIGLATH-PILESER, king of Assyria, was invited by Ahaz, king of Judah, to aid him against the kings of Syria and Israel. 2 K. 16:7, &c. This he did, but exacted also a heavy tribute from Ahaz, so as to distress him without helping him. 2 Chr. 28:20,21. From the kingdom of Israel, also, he carried off the inhabitants of many cities captive, and placed them in various parts of his kingdom. 1 Chr. 5:26. 2 K. 15:29. He reigned nineteen years at Nineveh, and was succeeded by his son Shalmaneser.

TIMBREL, an instrument of music, often mentioned in Scripture. The Hebrews called it toph, under which name they comprehended all kinds of drums, tabors and timbrels. We do not find that the Hebrews used it in their wars, but only at their public rejoicings; and it was commonly employed by the women. It consisted, and still consists, of a small rim, over which a skin is drawn. The rim is also hung with small bells. The timbrel is used as an accompaniment to lively music, being shaken and beaten with the knuckles in time. After the passage of the Red sea, Miriam, sister of Moses, took a timbrel, and began to play and dance with the women. Ex. 15:20. The daughter of Jephthah came to meet her father with timbrels and other musical instruments. Judg. 11:34.

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TIMOTHY, a disciple of Paul. He was of Derbe Lystra, both cities of Lycaonia. Acts 16:1. 14:6. His father was a Gentile, but his mother a Jewess. 2 Tim. 1:5. 3:15. When Paul came to Derbe and

minions. There was here a celebrated ford or ferry over the Euphrates, 1 K. 4:24. Perhaps the same city is meant 2 K. 15: 16; though some understand here a city of the same name near Samaria.

Lystra, about A. D. 51, or 52, || the brethren spoke highly of the merit and good disposition of Timothy; and the apostle determined to take him along with him, for which purpose he circumcised him at Lystra. Acts 16: 3. Timothy applied himself to TIRHAKAH, king of Ethiolabor in the gospel, and did Paul pia, or Cush, bordering on Palesvery important services, through tine and Egypt. This prince, at the whole course of his preach-the head of a powerful army, ating. Paul calls him not only tempted to relieve Hezekiah, his dearly beloved son, but also when attacked by Sennacherib, his brother, the companion of his 2 K. 19:9, but the Assyrian labors, and a man of God; ob- army was routed before he came serving that none was more unit- up. ed with him in heart and mind than Timothy. Indeed, he was selected by Paul as his chosen companion in his journeys, and was left by him for a time at Ephesus, to continue and perfect the work which Paul had begun in that city. He appears to have possessed in a very high degree the confidence and affection of Paul, and is therefore often mentioned by him in terms of warm commendation. Acts 16:1. 17: 14,15. 18:5. 19:22. 20:4.

Paul wrote two Epistles to Timothy, which still make part of the N. T. and are most valuable and instructive documents for the direction and admonition of every Christian, and more especially of ministers of the gospel.

TIN is the word commonly employed in the Scriptures to designate the metal tin, as in Num. 31:22. But in Isa. 1:25,|| the Hebrew word is put for dross, or that which is separated by smelting; and here our translators have also improperly retained the word tin.

TIRZAH, (pleasant,) a city of Ephraim, and the royal seat of the kings of Israel, from the time of Jeroboam to the reign of Omri, who built the city of Samaria, which then became the capital of this kingdom. Josh. 12:24. 2 K. 15:14,16.

TITHES, see TYTHES.

TITUS, a Christian teacher, probably of pagan origin, who was a companion and fellow laborer of Paul. In 2 Tim. 4: 10, Paul speaks of him as having gone to Dalmatia; and in Tit. 1:5, he assigns the reason of his leaving Titus in Crete, viz. to perfect the work which Paul had there begun, and to establish and regulate the churches. The more particular accounts which are given of his journey to Dalmatia, and of his residence in Crete, as bishop of the island, where he is said to have died at the age of 92, rest upon no certain authority. 2 Cor. 2:12. 7:6.

The Epistle of Paul to Titus is similar in its contents to the first Epistle to Timothy, and was TIPHSAH, the ancient Thap-very probably written about the sacus, an important city on the western bank of the Euphrates, which constituted the north-east

same time.

TOMB, see SEPULCHRE.
TOPAZ, a gem of a green

ern extremity of Solomon's do- l color, called by the moderns

chrysolite, and different from the || trespassed was of course bound modern topaz. Rev. 21 20. See CHRYSOLITE.

TOPHET, the same as the Valley of HINNOM, which see. TORTOISE. Lev. 11:29, a class of animals strongly allied to the reptile kinds. The Hebrew word, however, does not signify a tortoise, but a species of lizard.

to make satisfaction; but an offering or oblation was allowed him, to reconcile himself to the Divine Governor. Lev. 5:6,15.

TRIBE. Jacob having twelve sons, who were heads of so many families, which together formed a great nation, each of these families was called a tribe. But this patriarch on his death-bed adopted Ephraim and Manasseh, the two sons of Joseph, and would have them also to constitute two tribes in Israel. Gen. 48:5. Instead of twelve tribes, there were now thirteen, that of Joseph being two. However, in the distribution of lands by Joshua, under the order of God, they reckoned but twelve tribes, and made but twelve lots. For the tribe of Levi, being appointed to the sacred service, had no share in the distribution of the land; but received certain cities to dwell in, with the first-fruits, tithes and oblations of the peo

TRACHONITIS, (rocky, or rugged,) a province between Palestine and Syria, having Arabia Deserta east, Batanea west, Iturea south, and the country of Damascus north. Josephus says, it is situate between Palestine and Coelo-Syria, and was peopled by Hush, or Cush, a son of Aram. Of this province Herod Philip was tetrarch. Luke 3:1. TRADITION, a sentiment or custom not written, but delivered down by succession. The Jews had numerous traditions, which they did not commit to writing, before their wars against the Romans, under Adrian and Se-ple. In the division made by verus. Then rabbi Judah the Holy composed the Mishna, that is, the second law; which is the most ancient collection of Jewish traditions. To this were added the Gemara of Jerusalem, and that of Babylon, which, together with the Mishna, form the Talmud of Jerusalem, and that of Babylon. Our Saviour often censured the false traditions of the Pharisees; and reproached them with preferring these to the law itself. Mark 7:7, &c. Matt. 15:2,3, &c. He gives several instances of their superstitious adherence to vain observances, while they neglected essential things.

TRESPASS is an offence committed, a hurt, or wrong done, to another person. Under the law, the delinquent who had

Joshua of the land of Canaan, Reuben, Gad and half of Manasseh had their lot beyond Jordan, east; all the other tribes, and the remaining half of Manasseh, had their distribution on this side the river, west.

The twelve tribes continued united as one state, one people and one monarchy, till after the death of Solomon, when ten of the tribes revolted from the house of David, and formed the kingdom of Israel. See HEBREWs.

TROAS, a maritime town or city of Mysia, situated on the western coast, at some distance to the southward of the supposed site of ancient Troy. The adjacent region, including all the coast south of the Hellespont, is also called Troas, or the Troad. Acts 16:8,11. 20:5,6.

TROGYLLIUM, the name of a town and promontory of Ionia, in Asia Minor, between Ephesus and the mouth of the river Mean-pointing this feast. der, opposite to Samos. The promontory is a spur of mount Mycale. Acts 20:15.

|| of flour and wine, as usual with these sacrifices. Scripture does not mention the occasion of ap

TURTLE-DOVE, or TURTLE, a clean bird often mentioned in Scripture, and which the Jews might offer in sacrifice. It was appointed in favor of the poor, who could not afford more substantial sacrifices, Lev. 12:

the law, Abraham offered birds, which were a turtle and a pigeon; and when he divided the other victims he left the birds entire. Gen. 15:9.

TROPHIMUS, a disciple of Paul, a Gentile by religion, and an Ephesian by birth, came to Corinth with the apostle, and accompanied him in his whole jour-6-8. 14:22. Luke 2:24. Before ney to Jerusalem, A. D. 58. Acts 20:4. When the apostle was in the temple there, the Jews laid hold of him, crying out, "He hath brought Greeks into the temple, and hath polluted this holy place," because, having seen him in the city, accompanied by Trophimus, they imagined that he had introduced him into the temple. Some years afterwards, we find him sick at Miletus, 2 Tim. 4:20, but nothing further is known respecting him.

TRUMPET. The Lord commanded Moses to make two trumpets of beaten silver, for the purpose of calling the people together when they were to decamp. Num. 10:2. They chiefly used these trumpets, however, to proclaim the beginning of the civil year, the beginning of the sabbatical year, Lev. 23:24. Num. 29:1, and the beginning of the jubilee. Lev. 25:9,10.

The Feast of Trumpets was kept on the first day of the seventh month of the sacred year, which was the first of the civil year, called Tizri. The beginning of the year was proclaimed by sound of trumpet, Lev. 23: 24. Num. 29:1; and the day was kept solemn; all servile business being forbidden. A solemn holocaust was offered in the name of the whole nation, of a calf, two rams, and seven lambs of the same year, with offerings

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TYCHICUS, a disciple employed by the apostle Paul to carry his letters to several churches. He was of the province of Asia, and accompanied Paul in his journey from Corinth to Jerusalem. Acts 20:4. He carried the Epistle to the Colossians, that to the Ephesians, and the first to Timothy. The apostle calls him his dear brother, a faithful minister of the Lord, and his companion in the service of God, Eph. 6:21,22. Col. 4:7,8; and had intentions of sending him into Crete, to preside there in the absence of Titus. Tit. 3:12.

TYPE is a Greek word which generally signifies a resemblance, however it may be produced. Thus, Acts 7: 44, Moses was to make the tabernacle according to the type, model, exemplar, he had seen. A type is, however, more usually considered as an example, pattern or general similitude of a person, event or thing which is to come; and in this it differs from a representation, memorial or commemoration of an event which is past. For instance, the ceremony of the passover among the Jews, with its bitter herbs, its

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