Lincoln:-"Yea, master Latimer, so that you use a modest kind of talk, Mary without railing or taunts." A.D. Latimer ::—“ I beseech your lordship license me to sit down." Lincoln: "At your pleasure, master Latimer, take as much ease as you 1555. will." Lincoln. church ation only in Rome. Latimer:-"Your lordship gently exhorted me in many words to come His anto the unity of the church. confess, my lord, a catholic church, spread swer to throughout all the world, in the which no man may err, without the which unity of the church no man can be saved: but I know perfectly by God's word, that this church is in all the world, and hath not his foundation in Rome only, The unias you say; and me thought your lordship brought a place out of the Scriptures versal to confirm the same, that there was a jurisdiction given to Peter, in that Christ hath not bade him 'regere,' govern his people. Indeed, my lord, St. Peter did well its foundand truly his office, in that he was bid regere:' but, since, the bishops of Rome have taken a new kind of 'regere.' Indeed they ought 'regere, but how my lord? not as they will themselves: but this 'regere must be hedged in and ditched in. They must regere,' but 'secundum verbum Dei;' they must rule, but according to the word of God. But the bishops of Rome have "Regere turned regere secundum verbum Dei,' into 'regere secundum voluntatem secunsuam: they have turned the rule according to the word of God, into the rule according to their own pleasures, and as it pleaseth them best; as there is a turned to book set forth which hath divers points in it, and, amongst others, this point is regere one, which your lordship went about to prove by this word 'regere;' and the dum voargument which he bringeth forth for the proof of that matter, is taken out of luntaDeuteronomy, where it is said, 'If there ariseth any controversy among the people, the priests Levitici generis, of the order of Levi, shall decide the matter secundum legem Dei, according to the law of God, so it must be taken. book, perceiving this authority to be given to the priests of the old law, taketh occasion to prove the same to be given to the bishops and others the clergy of the new law: but, in proving this matter, whereas it was said there, as the priests of the order of Levi should determine the matter according to God's faw,' that according to God's law,' is left out, and only is recited, as the priests of the order of Levi shall decide the matter so it ought to be taken of the This dum ver bum," secun tem." people; a large authority I ensure you. What gelding of Scripture is this? Clipping what clipping of God's coin?" With the which terms the audience smiled. of God's "This is much like the 'regere' which your lordship talked of. Nay, nay, my Scriplords, we may not give such authority to the clergy, to rule all things as they the catho will. Let them keep themselves within their commission. Now I trust, my lics. lord, I do not rail yet." Lincoln:-" No, master Latimer, your talk is more like taunts than railing: but in that I have not read the book which you blame so much, nor know not of any such, I can say nothing therein." Latimer:-" Yes, my lord, the book is open to be read,3 and is entituled to one which is bishop of Gloucester, whom I never knew, neither did at any time see him to my knowledge.” With that the people laughed, because the bishop of Gloucester sat there in commission. Then the bishop of Gloucester stood up and said it was his book. Latimer:--- "Was it yours, my lord? Indeed I knew not your lordship, neither ever did I see you before, neither yet see you now, through the brightness of the sun shining betwixt you and me." Then the audience laughed again; and master Latimer spake unto them, saying: Latimer:-"Why, my masters, this is no laughing matter. I answer upon life and death, ‘Væ vobis qui ridetis nunc, quoniam flebitis.” ” (1) Argument: Christ bade Peter, "regere," govern his people: Ergo, the pope must play the rez, to reign over kings and emperors. (2) Deut. xxi. (3) The author of this book was Dr. Brooks, who was there in the commission. [James Brokis his Sermon at Paul's Cross; printed by Robert Caley, twice in 1554.-ED.] tures by See Appendix. Mary. A. D. 1555. Brooks, bishop of Glouces you The bishop of Lincoln commanded silence, and then said : Lincoln:- After this the bishop of Gloucester said, in excusing of his book, "Master Latimer, hereby every man may see what learning you ter,speak- have." Then master Latimer interrupted him, saying: eth. The Catholics unreason able in using of men. The Ca tholics allege the Scrip Latimer:-"Lo, you look for learning at my hands, which have gone so long to the school of Oblivion, making the bare walls my library; keeping me so long in prison, without book, or pen and ink; and now you let me loose to come and answer to articles. You deal with me as though two were appointed to fight for life and death, and over night the one, through friends and favour, is cherished, and hath good counsel given him how to encounter with his enemy. The other, for envy or lack of friends, all the whole night is set in the stocks. In the morning, when they shall meet, the one is in strength and lusty, the other is stark of his limbs, and almost dead for feebleness. Think that to you, run through this man with a spear is not a goodly victory?" But the bishop of Gloucester, interrupting his answer, proceeded, saying: Gloucester:-" I went not about to recite any place of Scripture in that place of my book; for then, if I had not recited it faithfully, you might have had just occasion of reprehension: but I only in that place formed an argument tures, but à majore, in this sense; that if in the old law the priests had power to decide matters of controversy, much more then ought the authority to be given to the clergy in the new law and I pray you in this point what availeth the rehearsal 'secundum legem Dei?" " take not all. The pro mer. Latimer:-"Yes, my lord, very much. For I acknowledge authority to be given to the spiritualty to decide matters of religion; and, as my lord said even now, 'regere: but they must do it 'secundum verbum Dei,' and not 'secundum voluntatem suam;' according to the word and law of God, and not after their own will, their own imaginations and fantasies." The bishop of Gloucester would have spoken more, saving that the bishop of Lincoln said that they came not to dispute with master Latimer, but to take his determinate answers to their articles; and so began to propose the same articles which were proposed to master Ridley. But master Latimer interrupted him, speaking to the bishop of Gloucester. Latimer:-"Well, my lord, I could wish more faithful dealing with God's word, and not to leave out a part, and to snatch a part here, and another there, but to rehearse the whole faithfully." But the bishop of Lincoln, not attending to this saying of master testation Latimer, proceeded in the rehearsing of the articles in form and sense as I declared before in the examination of the articles proposed to master Ridley, and required master Latimer's answer to the first. Then master Latimer, making his protestation, that notwithstanding these his answers, it should not be taken that thereby he would acknowledge any authority of the bishop of Rome, saying that he was the king and queen their majesties' subject, and not the pope's, neither could serve two masters at one time, except he should first renounce one of them; required the notaries so to take his protestation, that whatsoever he should say or do, it should not be taken as though he did thereby agree to any authority that came from the bishop of Rome. Mary. The bishop of Lincoln said, that his protestation should be so taken; but he required him to answer briefly, affirmatively or nega- A.D. tively, to the first article, and so recited the same again: and master 1555. Latimer answered as followeth : : Latimer Latimer:-"I do not deny, my lord, that in the sacrament by spirit and First grace is the very body and blood of Christ; because that every man, by receiv- Article. ing bodily that bread and wine, spiritually receiveth the body and blood of against Christ, and is made partaker thereby of the merits of Christ's passion. But I the gross deny that the body and blood of Christ is in such sort in the sacrament, as you mal being would have it." Lincoln: -"Then, master Latimer, you answer affirmatively." Latimer :-"Yea, if you mean of that gross and carnal being, which you do take." The notaries took his answer to be affirmatively and car of Christ in the Sa crament. Lincoln:-"What say you, master Latimer, to the second article?" and Second recited the same. article. in the Latimer:-"6 -"There is, my lord, a change in the bread and wine, and such a What change as no power but the omnipotency of God can make, in that that which change is before was bread, should now have the dignity to exhibit Christ's body; and bread and yet the bread is still bread, and the wine still wine. For the change is not in wine in the nature, but in the dignity; because now that which was common bread hath the dignity to exhibit Christ's body: for whereas it was common bread, it not in the is now no more common bread, neither ought it to be so taken, but as holy bread nature, sanctified by God's word." With that the bishop of Lincoln smiled, saying: : Lincoln:-" Lo, master Latimer, see what steadfastness is in your doctrine! That which you abhorred and despised most, you now most establish: for whereas you most railed at holy bread, you now make your communion holy bread." Latimer:-"Tush, a rush for holy bread. I say the bread in the communion is a holy bread indeed." But the bishop of Lincoln interrupted him and said: Lincoln :—“ Oh, ye make a difference between holy bread and holy bread. [With that the audience laughed]. Well, master Latimer, is not this your answer, that the substance of bread and wine remaineth after the words of consecration?" the sacrament, is but in the dignity of represent ing. ence be tween Latimer:-"Yes, verily, it must needs be so; for Christ himself calleth it Differbread, St. Paul calleth it bread, the doctors confess the same, the nature of a sacrament confirmeth the same, and I call it holy bread: not in that I make Christ's no difference betwixt your holy bread and this, but for the holy office which it bread and beareth, that is, to be a figure of Christ's body; and not only a bare figure, but Pope's. effectually to represent the same." the Third So the notaries penned his answer to be affirmatively. Lincoln:-"What say you to the third question?" and recited the same. Latimer:-"No, no, my lord, Christ made one perfect sacrifice for all the article. whole world, neither can any man offer him again, neither can the priest offer up Christ again for the sins of man, which he took away by offering himself once for all (as St. Paul saith) upon the cross; neither is there any propitiation for our sins, saving his cross only." So the notaries penned his answer to this article also to be affirmatively. Lincoln:-"What say you to the fourth, master Latimer?" And recited it. After the recital whereof, when master Latimer answered not, the bishop asked him whether he heard him or no? Fourth article. Mary. A. D. 1555. Fifth article. Latimer Latimer :-"Yes, but I do not understand what you mean thereby." Lincoln:-"Marry, only this, that these your assertions were condemned by master Dr. Weston as heresies; is it not so, master Latimer?" Latimer :—“Yes, I think they were condemned. But how unjustly, He that shall be judge of all knoweth." So the notaries took his answer to this article also to be affirmatively. Lincoln:-"What say you, master Latimer, to the fifth article ?" And recited it. Latimer :—“ I know not what you mean by these terms. I am no lawyer: I would you would propose the matter plainly." Lincoln:-"In that we proceed according to the law, we must use their terms also. The meaning only is this, that these your assertions are notorious, evil spoken of, and yet common and recent in the mouths of the people." shall Latimer:-"I cannot tell how much, nor what men talk of them. I come but what not so much among them, in that I have been secluded a long time; men report of them I know not, nor care not.' This answer taken, the bishop of Lincoln said, "Master Latimer, we mean assigned not that these your answers shall be prejudicial to you. To-morrow you the next appear before us again, and then it shall be lawful for you to alter and change day again. what you will. We give you respite till to-morrow, trusting that, after you have pondered well all things against to-morrow, you will not be ashamed to confess the truth." to appear Latimer :-" Now, my lord, I pray you give me license in three words, to declare the causes why I have refused the authority of the pope." Lincoln :-" Nay, master Latimer, to-morrow you shall have license to speak forty words." Latimer:-"Nay, my lords, I beseech you to do with me now as it shall please your lordships: I pray you let not me be troubled to-morrow again." Lincoln:-"Yes, master Latimer, you must needs appear again to-morrow." Latimer:-"Truly, my lord, as for my part I require no respite, for I am at a point; you shall give me respite in vain: therefore I pray you let me not trouble you to-morrow." Lincoln:-"Yes, for we trust God will work with you against to-morrow. There is no remedy: you must needs appear again to-morrow, at eight of the clock in St. Mary's church." And forthwith the bishop charged the mayor with master Latimer, and dismissed him, and then brake up their session for that day, about one of the clock at afternoon. HERE FOLLOWETH THE SECOND DAY'S SESSION. The next day following (which was the first day of October), somewhat after eight of the clock, the said lords repaired to St. Mary's church, and after they were set in a high throne well trimmed with cloth of tissue and silk, then appeared master Ridley, who was set at a framed table a good space from the bishop's feet, which table had a silk cloth cast over it, the which place was compassed about with framed seats in quadrate form, partly for gentlemen which repaired thither (for this was the session day also of gaol-delivery) and heads Ridley's of the university to sit, and partly to keep off the press of the appear audience: for the whole body, as well of the university as of the town, came thither to see the end of these two persons. After master Ridley's appearance, and the silence of the audience, the bishop of Lincoln spake in manner following: ance fore the depu ties. A. D. 1555. words of master Lincoln, Lincoln:-" Master Ridley, yesterday when that we challenged you for not Mary. uncovering your head, you excused yourself of that whereof no man accused you, in saying you did not put on your cap for any obstinacy towards us, which as touching our own persons desired no such obedience of you, but only in respect of them whose persons we bear; neither (you said) for any contempt The that you bear to this worshipful audience, which, although they justly may, yet in this case require no such humility of you, neither for any derogation of honour White to my lord cardinal's grace, in that he is descended from the regal blood, in that bishop of he is a man most noble, both for his excellent qualities and singular learning to Ridley, for, as touching those points, you said, you with all humility would honour, about his reverence, and worship his grace; but, in that he is legate to the most reverend cap. Capping father in God the pope's holiness (with that the bishop and all them present, put again at off their caps, but master Ridley moved not his) you said you ne could ne the name would by any means be induced to give him honour: but, forasmuch as this pope. is the point, as we told you yesterday, why we require honour and reverence of you, we tell you now as we did then, except you take the pains to move your bonnet, we will take the pains to cause your bonnet to be taken from you, except you pretend sickness, as yesterday you did not." of the which Ridley:" I pretend now none other cause, than I did yesterday; that is, Ridley only that hereby it may appear that not only in word and confession, but also refuseth to put off by all my gesture and behaviour, in no point I agree or admit any authority or his cap to power that shall come from the pope; and not for any pride of mind (as God is the pope, my judge), neither for contempt of your lordships neither in the despect of this or to them worshipful audience, neither for derogation of honour due to my lord cardinal's come grace as concerning those points which your lordship spake of; that is, his noble from the parentage and singular graces in learning. And as for taking my cap away, your lordship may do as it shall please you; it shall not offend me, but I shall be content with your ordinance in that behalf." Lincoln:" Forasmuch as you do answer now as you did yesterday, we must do also as we did then:" and forthwith one of his beadles very hastily snatched his cap from his head. After this the bishop of Lincoln began the examination in sense following: pope. amina words of coln. Lincoln:-"Master Ridley, yesterday we took your answer to certain arti- The forcles, which we then proposed unto you: but, because we could not be thoroughly mer exsatisfied with your answer then to the first article, neither could the nota- tion of ries take any determinate answer of you, we (you requiring the same) granted Ridley. you license to bring your answer in writing, and thereupon commanded the The mayor that you should have pen, paper and ink, yea any books also that you the bishop would require, if they were to be gotten: we licensed you then, also, to alter of Linyour former answers this day at your pleasure. Therefore we are come now hither, to see whether you are in the same mind now that you were in yesterday (which we would not wish), or contrary contented to revoke all your former assertions, and in all points content to submit yourself to the determination of the universal church; and I for my part most earnestly exhort you [and therewith he put off his cap], not because my conscience pricketh me, as you said yesterday, but because I see you a rotten member, and in the way of perdition. Yesterday I brought forth amongst others St. Augustine, to prove that authority hath always been given to the see of Rome, and you wrested the words far contrary to St. Augustine's meaning, in that you would have 'totus mundus' to be applied only to Europe, which is but the third part of all the world: whereas, indeed, the process of St. Augustine's words, will not admit that your Place interpretation; for he saith not 'totus mundus Christianus in transmarinis,' etc., gustine but first 'totus mundus Christianus Romanæ ecclesiæ subjectus est:' all the again rechristian world is subject to the church of Rome,' and afterwards addeth, 'in Totus transmarinis partibus,' beyond the sea,' but only to augment the dominion of mundus.' the see of Rome." But master Ridley still persevered in his former answer, saying; "I am sure, my lord, you have some skill in cosmography, in the which you shall understand that there is a sea called 'Mare Mediterraneum,' cast between The peated, |