Mary. A. D. 1555. See Appendix. spiritualty to his promise, which now rule the roost. God shorten their cruel days, for his elect's sake. And therefore I add this, which I had purposed to have spoken, if then I might have been suffered, lest any that perfectly know not the things done in the convocation-house and now laid to my charge, if they should not be answered by me, might reckon Dr. Chedsey's sayings to be true. And as concerning the book of the report of the disputations, I wrote the same, and it is true in every argument, as master dean of Rochester, and master Cheyney archdeacon of Hereford (yet being alive, and within the realm), can testify. Chedsey: :-"You have of Scriptures the four evangelists for the probation of Christ's real presence to be in the sacrament after the words of consecration, with St. Paul to the Corinthians; which all say, 'This is my body." They say Chedsey not as you would have me to believe, this is not the body. But specially the sixth of John proveth the same most manifestly, where Christ promised to give his body, which he performed in his last supper, as it appeareth by these words, John vi. The bread which I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world.'" 3 proveth the sacra ment by Philpot answer Philpot ::-"My lord Riche, with your leave, I must needs interrupt him a little, because he speaketh open blasphemy against the death of Christ. For if that promise, brought in by St. John, was performed by Christ in his last supper, then needed he not to have died, after he had given the sacrament." Riche:-"Let master doctor make an end of his arguments, and afterward object to him what you can." Chedsey" You must note that there is twice 'dabo' in this saying of St. John, and the first is referred to the sacrament of the altar; and the second to the sacrifice upon the cross. And besides these manifest Scriptures, there be many ancient doctors proving the same, as Ignatius, Irenæus, and St. Cyprian" [whose authority he recited at large, which I do omit because I was not perinitted to answer the same]. Riche:-"Now answer, and object to him what you can, and you shall be heard." Philpot :-"My lord, the chiefest ground whereon he with the rest of his side do ground themselves against us, be these words, 'This is my body,' with a false pretence of the omnipotency of God. And before I will come to the particular answers of all that he hath alleged, for that your lordships may the better understand me, what I mean, and whereupon I stand, I will first require master doctor to answer me one question. But first of all I do protest to your honours that I think as reverently of the sacrament as a christian man ought to do, and that I acknowledge the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ, ministered after Christ's institution, to be one of the greatest treasures and comforts that he left us on the earth: and, contrariwise, it is most discomfort and abominable, not being ministered as it ought to be, as it is used now-a-days. Blasphe. And now to my question, which is this: Whether these words only, 'This is that these my body,' spoken by a priest over the bread and wine, may make the body words and blood of Christ, as you suppose or no?" eth protestation. my to say only, Staggering what he might say, at last Chedsey said, "That these words my body," alone, pronounced by the priest, be sufficient to make the bread and the wine make a the very body and blood of Christ really." real pre sence. These words, "Bless, eat," be Philpot:"That is blasphemy to say, and against all the Scriptures and doctors, who affirm that the form and substance in consecration must be observed which Christ used and did institute, as St. Cyprian saith, In the take, and sacrifice which is Christ, only Christ is to be followed.' And by the law it is forbidden to add or take away from God's word. And St. Peter saith, 'If any man speak, let him speak as the word of God.' Wherefore, whosoever saith that points of these words only, 'This is my body,' do make a presence of Christ, without the sacra- Bless, take, and eat,' which be three as substantial points of the sacrament, as This is "This is my body,' he is highly deceived. Therefore St. Augustine saith, ‘Let my body." the word be joined to the element, and it becometh a sacrament:" so that if as substantial ment as (2) "Hoc est corpus meum." (1) Praise be to the Lord, for so he hath. (3) Panis quem ego dabo, caro mea est, quam ego dabo pro mundi vita.” (4) So there is twice "ego dabo," and yet but once natural body. (5) "Hoc est corpus meum." (6) In sacrificio quod Christus est, non nisi Christus sequendus." Cypr. Opera. lib. ii. epist. 3, p. 56.-ED. (7) "Accedat verbum ad elementum et fit sacramentum." [August. in Joh. Tract. 80. § 3.-ED.] Mary. A. D. the entire words of Christ's institution be not observed in the ministration of a sacrament, it is no sacrament; as the sacrifices which the ten tribes did offer at Bethel to God, were not acceptable, because they were not in all points done according to God's word. Wherefore, except blessing be made after the word 1555. (which is a due thanksgiving for our redemption in Christ, and also a showing forth of the Lord's death in such wise as the congregation may be edified), and moreover a taking and eating after Christ's commandment-except (I say) these three parts be first performed (which is not done in the mass), these words "This is my body,' which are last placed in the institution of the Lord's supper, cannot be verified. For Christ commanded as well, 'Take ye, eat ye,' as 'This is my body.”1 Chedsey: -"Christ said, 'Take, eat, this is my body,' and not, 'take ye, eat ye.' See Appendix, doctor Philpot:-"No did, master doctor? Be not these the words of Christ, Master 'Accipite, manducate?' and do not these words in the plural number signify, doctor "Take ye, eat ye;' and not 'take thou, eat thou,' as you would suppose?" Chedsey::-"I grant it is as you say." Philpot::-"Likewise of consequency, you, master doctor, must needs deny, which you have said, that these words, This is my body,' being only spoken, be sufficient to make the body and blood of Christ in the sacrament, as you have untruly said." Then came in the bishop of London again and said, "What is it that you would have master doctor deny?" Philpot:-"My lord, master doctor hath affirmed that these words, 'This is my_body,' spoken by the priest, only do make the sacrament." with the manner. London: Indeed if master Bridges should speak these words over the The bread and wine, they would be of none effect: but if a priest speak them after words of a due manner, they are effectual, and make a real body." Philpot :-"Master doctor hath said otherwise." Christ my body," London:- "I think you mistake him; for he meaneth of the words duly except a pronounced." priest speak make no Philpot::-"Let him revoke that he hath granted, and then will I begin them again with that which before was said; that, 'This is my body,' hath no place, body. except bless, take, and eat,' duly go before. And therefore because the same words do not go before this is my body,' but preposterously follow, in your sacrament of the mass, it is not the sacrament of Christ, neither hath Christ in it present.' Chedsey:-"If, this is my body' only do not make the sacrament, no more do, bless, take, and eat."" Philpot:-"I grant that the one without the other cannot make the sacrament. And it can be no sacrament unless the whole action of Christ doth concur together according to the first institution." Chedsey: "Why, then you would not have it to be the body of Christ, unless it be received?" Philpot :-"No, verily, it is not the very body of Christ to any other, but such Sacraas condignly receive the same after his institution." London:-"Is not a loaf a loaf, being set on the table, though no body eat thereof?" Philpot::-"It is not like, my lord; for a loaf is a loaf before it be set on the table. But so is not the sacrament a perfect sacrament before it be duly ministered at the table of the Lord." London:-"I pray you, what is it in the mean while, before it is received, after the words of consecration spoken? answer me.* ments without their use be no sacraments. of the Philpot:-"It is, my lord, the sign begun of a holy thing, and yet no perfect The sasacrament until it be received. For in the sacrament there be two things to be crament considered, the sign, and the thing itself, which is Christ and his whole pas- Lord's sion; and it is that to none but to such as worthily receive the holy signs of body bread and wine, according to Christ's institution." Windsor ::-"There were never any that denied the words of Christ as you do. Did not he say, 'This is my body?'" Philpot:-"My lord, I pray you be not deceived. We do not deny the words of Christ: but we say, these words be of none effect, being spoken otherwise than Christ did institute them in his last supper. For an example; Christ (1) Hereof read more in the examinations of master Bradford. with out re ceiving, is no sacra ment. A. D. Mary. biddeth the church to baptize in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost:' if a priest say these words over the water, and there be no child to be baptized, these words only pronounced, do not make baptism. And again, baptism is only baptism to such as be baptized, and to none other standing by." 1555. See Appendix. Chamberlain :- -"I pray you, my lord, let me ask him one question. What kind of presence in the sacrament (duly ministered according to Christ's ordinance) do you allow?" Philpot:-"If any come worthily to receive, then do I confess the presence of Christ wholly to be with all the fruits of his passion, unto the said worthy receiver, by the Spirit of God, and that Christ is thereby joined to him and he to Christ." Chamberlain: :-"I am answered." London::—“ My lords, take no heed of him, for he goeth about to deceive you. His similitude that he bringeth in of baptism, is nothing like to the sacra ment of the altar. For if I should say to sir John Bridges, being with me at supper, and having a fat capon, 'Take, eat, this is a fat capon,' although he eat not thereof, is it not a capon still? And likewise of a piece of beef, or of a cup of wine; if I say, 'Drink, this is a cup of wine,' is it not so, because he drinketh not thereof?" Philpot :-"My lord, your similitudes be too gross for so high mysteries as we have in hand, as if I were your equal I could more plainly declare; and there is much more dissimilitude between common meats and drinks, than there is between baptism and the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ. Like must be compared to like, and spiritual things with spiritual, and not spiritual things with corporal things. And meats and drinks be of their own natures good or evil; and your words, commending or discommending, do but declare what they are. But the sacraments be to be considered according to the word which Christ spake of them, of the which, ‘Take ye, and eat ye,' be some of the chief, concurrent to the making of the same, without the which there can be no sacraments. And therefore in Greek, the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ is called kovovía, i. e. communion, and likewise in the gospel Christ commanded, saying, 'Divide it among you.' Chedsey :-"St. Paul calleth it a communication." Philpot:-"That doth more expressly show, that there must be a participation of the sacrament together." London:-"My lords, I am sorry I have troubled you so long with this obstinate man, with whom we can do no good; I will trouble you no longer And with that the lords rose up, none of them saying any evil word unto me, half amazed, in my judgment: God work it to good! now."4 Thus endeth the sixth part of this tragedy: the seventh look for with joy. The Seventh Examination of John Philpot, had the 19th of November, before the Bishops of London and Rochester, the Chancellor of Lichfield, Dr. Chedsey, Master Dee, and a Bachelor of Divinity. London :-"Sirrah, come hither. How chance you come no sooner? Is it calling of well done of you to make master chancellor and me to tarry for you this hour? Philpot before the By the faith of my body, half an hour before mass, and half an hour even at bishop. mass, looking for your coming." Another Philpot ::-"My lord, it is not unknown to you that I am a prisoner, and that the doors be shut upon me, and I cannot come when I list. But as soon as the doors of my prison were open, I came immediately." London :-"We sent for thee to the intent thou shouldst have come to mass. How say you, would you have come to mass, or no, if the doors had sooner been opened?" Philpot: :-"My lord, that is another manner of question." London:- (1) As baptism is no baptism but to the child that is baptized, and not to the standers by so the sacrament of the body is no sacrament but to them that worthily receive, (2) My lord is better skilled in a fat capon, than in Christ's sacrament! (3) "Dividite inter vos." (4) You are too weak, my lord, you may rise when ye will. fellow of him; he will answer directly to nothing. I have had him before both Mary. the spiritual lords and temporal, and thus he fareth still; yet he reckoneth himself better learned than all the realm. Yea, before the temporal lords, the A.D. other day, he was so foolish to challenge the best: he would make himself 1555. learned, and is a very ignorant fool indeed.' Philpot:-"I reckon, I answered your lordship before the lords plain enough." London:-"Why answerest thou not directly whether thou wouldst have gone to mass with us or no, if thou hadst come in time?" Philpot:-" Mine answer shall be thus; that if your lordship can prove your mass, whereunto you would have me to come, to be the true service of God, whereunto a Christian ought to come, I will afterward come with a good will." London:-"Look, I pray you: the king and the queen, and all the nobility of the realm, do come to mass, and yet he will not. By my faith thou art too well handled thou shalt be worse handled hereafter, I warrant thee." Philpot :-"If to lie in a blind coal-house, may be counted good handling, both without fire and candle, then may it be said, I am well handled. Your lordship hath power to entreat my body as you list." London:-"Thou art a fool, and a very ignorant fool. Master chancellor, in good faith I have handled him and his fellows with as much gentleness as they can desire. I let their friends come unto them to relieve them. And wot you what? the other day they had gotten themselves up into the top of the leads with a meany of prentices, gazing abroad as though they had been at liberty. But I shall cut off your resort: and as for the prentices, they were as good not to come to you, if I take them." See Appendix. Philpot:-" "My lord, we have no such resort to us as your lordship imagineth, The priand there cometh very few unto us. And of prentices I know not one, neither soners have we any leads to walk on over our coal-house, that I wot of: wherefore with that your lordship hath mistaken your mark." charged they did nor London:-"Nay; now you think, because my lord chancellor is gone,3 that neither we will burn no more. Yes, I warrant thee, I will dispatch you shortly, unless knew of. you do recant.' Philpot :-"My lord, I had not thought that I should have been alive now, neither so raw as I am, but well roasted to ashes." Chancellor ::-"Cast not yourself wilfully away, master Philpot. Be content to be ruled by my lord here, and by other learned men of this realm, and you may do well enough." upon his con Philpot:-"My conscience beareth me record that I seek to please God, and Philpot that the love and fear of God cause me to do as I do: and I were of all other standeth creatures most miserable, if for mine own will only I did lose all the commodities I might have in this life, and afterward to be cast to damnation. But I am science sure, it is not my will whereon I stand, but God's will, which will not suffer me to be cast away, I am sure." and the fear of God. Bonner proceed Chancellor "You are not so sure, but you may be deceived." London:-"Well, since thou wilt not be conformable by no fair mean, I will proceed against thee ex officio; and therefore hearken here to such articles as eth exI have here written, and I charge thee to make answer to them." And with with that he read a libel which he had in his hand of divers articles: and when he Philpot. had done, he bade me answer." officio in the Philpot:- "Your libel, my lord, containeth in sum two special points: the Two unfirst pretendeth, that I should be of your diocese, and therefore your lordship, truths upon divers suspects and infamies of heresy going upon me, is moved to pro- bishop's ceed against me by your ordinary-office : the which first is not true, for that I articles. am not of your lordship's diocese, as the libel doth pretend. And the second is, that I, being baptized in the catholic church, and in the catholic faith, am gone from them; the which is not so, for I am of that catholic faith and church as I was baptized unto." London:-"What! art thou not of my diocese? Where are ye now I pray you?" Philpot::-"My lord, I cannot deny but I am in your coal-house, which is in your diocese, yet I am not of your diocese." (1) You said before, he was learned. (2) Note, how substantially bishop Bonner proveth the mass. (3) He meaneth Stephen Gardiner, who in this month died a little before. Mary. A. D. 1555. eth the London:-"You were sent hither unto me by the queen's majesty's commissioners, and thou art now in my diocese: wherefore I will proceed against thee as thy ordinary." Philpot :-"I was brought hither through violence, and therefore my present Philpot being now in your diocese is not enough to abridge me of mine own ordinary's challeng- jurisdiction, neither maketh it me unwillingly subject to your jurisdiction, since privilege it cometh by force, and by such men as had no just authority so to do; no more of his or- than a sanctuary man, being by force brought forth of his place of privilege, dinary's doth thereby lose his privilege, but always may challenge the same wheresoever he be brought." right. Philpot Chedsey:-" Hath not the queen's majesty authority, by her commissioners, to remove your body whither she will? and ought you not to obey herein?” Philpot: "I grant that the queen's majesty (of her just power) may transpose my body, whither it shall please her grace to command the same. But yet, by your laws, spiritual causes be not subject to the temporal power." As for example; you, master doctor, if the queen's majesty would to appoint two temporal men to be judges over you in certain spiritual matters, might not you allege the privilege of a clerk, and demand competent spiritual judges in your causes?"2 6 London:-"Doth not a man, I pray you, 'sortiri forum ratione delicti?'" Philpot:-"My lord, your rule is true in temporal matters, but in spiritual causes it is not so, which be otherwise privileged.' London:-"What sayest thou then to the second article, and to the other?" Philpot :-"My lord, I say that I am not bound to answer the second, neither the rest, unless the first be proved." London:-"Well, suppose the first may be proved, as it will be, what will you say then to the second-that you are not of the same catholic faith, neither of the same church now, as you were baptized in?" Philpot:-"I am of the same catholic faith, and of the same catholic church which is of Christ, the pillar and stablishment of truth." London :-" Nay, that you are not.” Philpot :-"Yes, that I am." London: be now." "Your godfathers and godmothers were of another faith than you Philpot::-"I was not baptized either into my godfathers' faith or my godmothers', but into the faith and into the church of Christ."3 London: :-"How know you that?" Philpot :-"By the word of God, which is the touchstone of faith, and the limits of the church." London:-"How long hath your church stand, I pray you?" Philpot::-"Even from the beginning; from Christ and from his apostles, and from their immediate successors." Chancellor :- "He will prove his church to be before Christ!" Philpot ::-" If I did so, I go not amiss: for there was a church before the proveth coming of Christ, which maketh one catholic church.” his church to be from Christ. Chancellor :-" "It is so indeed." Philpot :-"I will desire no better rule than the same which is oftentimes brought in of your side, to prove both my faith and church catholic; that is antiquity, universality, and unity." London :-"Do you not see what a bragging foolish fellow this is? He would seem to be very well seen in the doctors, and he is but a fool. By what doctor art thou able to prove thy church? Name him, and thou shalt have him." Philpot :-" My lord, let me have all your ancient writers, with pen, and ink, and paper, and I will prove both my faith and my church out of every one of them.' London:- 66 No, that thou shalt not have. You shall see how he lieth. St. Cyprian saith, 'There must be one high priest, to the which the residue must obey;' and they will allow no head, neither vicar general." (1) "Spiritualia non sunt subjecta imperatoris potestati." (2) Spiritual things are not subject to temporal powers, and therefore the temporal commissioners had no power to remove him into another man's diocese. (3) A man is not baptized into his godfathers' faith, nor his godmothers' faith; but into the faith of Christ's church. (4) No rule better than antiquity, universality, and unity, to prove the true faith and church of the protestants. (5) Because you dare not. |