pocula. But he does not go on to explain how the wicked owe to their guilt an abstemious philosopher. Now compare the Scholia Pithoeana on these two passages. On togatas we find, 'togatae sunt comoediae Latinae, quales Afranius fecit' on caprum, 'dicit emblematum opus.' The comparison shows indeed, as Jahn says, quid distent aera lupinis. The Scholia of Cornutus are very copious, but a detailed account of them is superfluous. By their dim light the Middle Ages studied their corrupt text of Juvenal; they were repeatedly copied and circulated in Mss. from the 9th century onwards, and are generally found with little variation in the interpolated MSS.1 They were also written in a later hand on the margin of P-the same hand which added the Life at the end of the MS.-but have been crossed out by some judicious reader (Pithou himself, according to Beer), whose pen has spared the good Scholia. These latter are found in P-hence their name of Pithoeanaand also were included in all the fragmentary MSS. which preserve the same recension as P; and, as was said above, they are preserved without a text in a MS. at St Gall. The great importance of these Scholia, and their unique value for settling the text of Juvenal, have been shown incidentally in the previous section: in many cases their lemmata give a reading older and better than that of P itself. It is clear that, as they now stand, they are the work of more than one hand; but the more valuable annotations were probably taken from a commentary on Juvenal, attributed to a scholar called Probus on the authority of G. Valla, who, in his edition of Juvenal published at Venice in 1486, gave extracts from a MS., now lost, containing 'Probi grammatici in Iuvenalem commentarii.' These notes went no further than Sat. 8, 198. Valla treated his materials, after the fashion of his time, with some freedom; but a comparison of his quotations 1 Jahn's inference (Prolegom. ad Persium p. cxvi) that this commentary was printed in the Louvain edition of Juvenal (1475), is apparently incorrect. There is a copy of this rare book in Peterhouse Library; it has no printed commentary. from Probus with the Scholia of P makes it certain that both come from an identical source, or rather that the Scholia are extracts from the commentary which Valla had before him in a completer form. Chronology prevents us from identifying this Probus with M. Valerius Probus of Berytus, a famous critic of the 1st century, of whom a short life by Suetonius is extant and to whom Martial alludes1. The commentary of this unknown Probus was probably written towards the end of the fourth century, when it is known on the evidence of Ammianus2 that Juvenal was much read. That the commentary cannot be earlier than this is made probable by a Scholium on Sat. 10, 24, which speaks of a Cerealis as praefectus urbi: it is known that Neratius Cerealis filled that office in 352 A.D. The author was a learned man, with considerable knowledge of the ancient poets and historians. In this way there are preserved some topographical notices of ancient Rome; some facts, chiefly biographical, of notable persons; and some fragments of ancient literature. Among these last are: an epigram of Martial, not included in his own MSS. ; four verses of Statius' lost epic De Bello Germanico; two verses of the satirist Turnus, and two of the poetess Sulpicia. Both of the last authors are mentioned with praise by Martial. 1 Suet. de Gramm. 24; Mart. iii 2, 12. 2 xxviii 4, 14 quidam detestantes ut venena doctrinas, Iuvenalem et Marium Maximum curatiore studio legunt, nulla volumina praeter haec in profundo otio contrectantes. lii ABBREVIATIONS. P=the original reading of the Codex Pithoeanus (Montpellier 125). p the reading substituted for P by later hands. w = the reading of all, or a majority of, the other MSS. S=the reading preserved in the Scholia. T= the original reading of a 10th century MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Cambridge (O iv 10). Büch.=the reading of F. Bücheler's edition (1893). Jahn the reading of O. Jahn's larger edition (1851). Letters erased in P or T are indicated by a corresponding number of asterisks. IVVENALIS SATVRARVM LIBER PRIMVS SATVRA I. Semper ego auditor tantum? numquamne reponam vexatus totiens rauci Theseide Cordi? inpune ergo mihi recitaverit ille togatas, hic elegos? inpune diem consumpserit ingens 5 ΙΟ 15 2 Cordi PS: Codri pw D. J. I consilium dedimus Sullae, privatus ut altum cum tener uxorem ducat spado, Mevia Tuscum quo tondente gravis iuveni mihi barba sonabat, 20 25 difficile est saturam non scribere. nam quis iniquae tam patiens urbis, tam ferreus, ut teneat se, 30 causidici nova cum veniat lectica Mathonis plena ipso, post hunc magni delator amici et cito rapturus de nobilitate comesa quod superest, quem Massa timet, quem munere palpat 35 Carus et a trepido Thymele summissa Latino? quid referam quanta siccum iecur ardeat ira, 45 cum populum gregibus comitum premit hic spoliator pupilli prostantis et hic damnatus inani iudicio? quid enim salvis infamia nummis? exul ab octava Marius bibit et fruitur dis iratis, at tu victrix provincia ploras. 50 haec ego non credam Venusina digna lucerna ? haec ego non agitem? sed quid magis? Heracleas aut Diomedeas aut mugitum labyrinthi et mare percussum puero fabrumque volantem, 55 |