62-64]

LACERNATA. CERAE. LECTICA.

113

praecipue ab ineunte aetate flagravit, plurimusque illi sermo, quamquam vetaretur, de circensibus erat; et quondam tractum prasinum agitatorem inter condiscipulos querens, obiurgante paedagogo, de Hectore se loqui ementitus est. ... mox et ipse aurigare atque etiam spectari saepius voluit, positoque in hortis inter servitia et sordidam plebem rudimento, universorum se oculis in circo maximo praebuit. Noble youths drove in the circensian games of Caesar Suet. 39; Augustus Dio LI 22 §4. LIII 1 § 4; Nero Dio LXI 17 § 3. LACERNATAE III 148 n.

the mistress to whom he displays his skill is dressed as a man. So Caesonia in Suet. Cal. 25 saepe clamide peltaque et galea ornatam. Petron. 69 lacernatus cum flagello mulionum fata egit. Hodgson compares the 'helmet bonnet' and 'military pelisse'. SE IACTARET Liv. xxxix 43 § 3

iactantem sese scorto. Hor. c. 1 2 18, 19. Ov. her. 12 175. 17 251. 21 62. tr. 4 3 53 Burm. AMICAE, like 'mistress' in So amator Hor. s. 1 5

modern English, seldom used in an honest sense. 15 Heind.

63-72 Fain must I fill every leaf of my tablets, then and there in the cross road, as there sweeps lordly by, lolling like Maecenas at his ease in an open sedan, courting the public gaze, the forger, enriched at the cost of a few lines of writing and a moistened signet. The matron fronts us to our face, who, when her lord calls for wine, drugs the cup with toad's juice, and trains country cousins to carry out their husbands' spotted corpses amid the whispers of the crowd. 63 MEDIO

QUADRIVIO in the heat of indignation, heedless of the throng at the crossing; standing too where I command the view of two streets and all their spectacles of shame. Prud. c. Symm. 11 865. CERAS XIV 29. 191. used for rough notes, which were afterwards copied fair on papyrus or parchment Aug. de ord. 1 § 30 pray pardon us, atque omnia illa deleri iubeas; simul ut parcas etiam tabulis [=ceris], quas iam non habemus. non enim aliquid in libros translatum est eorum quae a nobis multa disserta sunt. Quintil. x 3 § 31 scribi optime ceris, in quibus facillima est ratio delendi. cf. § 30. x1 2 §§ 21, 32. VIII 6 § 64 ceris Platonis inventa sunt quattuor illa verba, quibus in illo pulcherrimo operum in Piraeeum se descendisse significat, plurimis modis scripta. So of the note-books of scholars Sen. ep. 118 § 6 aliqui tamen et cum pugillaribus veniunt, non ut res excipiant, sed ut verba; and of short-hand writers Auson. epigr. 146. Pliny ep. 1 6 § 1 took with him to the hunt a stilus and pugillares, that he might note down any passing thought, and take home well-filled tablets ceras, if no game. So his uncle (ib. 11 5 §§ 10, 11, 14— 16) at dinner, in the bath, on a journey. Cf. the very name pugillares handbooks Marquardt y (2) 383-7. 64 IAM already

SEXTA

in a hexaphoros, soon perhaps in an octaphoros. CERVICE 120 n. sex cervicibus. Plin. XII § 9 epulatum intra eam se cum duodevicesimo comite. Stat. s. IV 1 9 bis sextus honos =XII virorum. Mart. IV 64 32 centeno...ligone. Cf. τέταρτος αὐτός. 2 Pet. 2 5 Noah the eighth person. Hes. op. 488. CERVICE VI 351 quae longorum vehitur cervice Syrorum. Mart.

IV 51 2 ingenti late vectus es hexaphoro, which is called a sella 6. 11 81 1 latior hexaphoris tua sit lectica licebit. v1 77 4 quid te Cappadocum sex onus esse iuvat. ib. 9, 10. Bearers were Syrians, Cappadocians, Illyrians, Bithynians (Cic. Verr. v § 27. Catull. 10 14-27), Maedians VII 132 n., Moesians ix 143, Liburnians vi 477, afterwards Germans; Mart. x 13 1 cathedralicios.. ministros. Sidon. ep. 1 11 cathedrarios servos. On lecticae, sellae, cathedrae cf. Lips. elect. i 19. Becker Gallus

114

LECTICA PATENS. MAECENAS SUPINUS. [I 64-66

An

DE

I3 1-8. Marquardt v (1) 154-5, (2) 329. Friedländer 13 399. Iuv. 1 32, 121-4, 159. III 239-242. IV 21. Lucian cynic. 10 'you, who use men as beasts of burden, ordering them to bear on their necks Toîs Tpaxnλois palanquins like wagons, while you yourselves lie at ease above, and thence drive men as you would asses, bidding them turn this way and not that.' 65 PATENS NUDA Mart. IV 64 19 cited on 61. Sen. de remed. 16 § 7 duc bene institutam, ... non quam in patente sella circumlatam populus ab omni parte tamquam maritus inspexerit. ben. 1 9 § 3 rusticus, inhumanus . . et inter matronas abominanda condicio ['match'] est, si quis coniugem suam in sella prostare vetuit et volgo admissis inspectoribus vehi perspicuam undique. The curtains could be drawn Sen. suas. 6 § 18 p. 34 1. 4 remoto velo. Plut. Eum. 14 avλaías. Cic. ad Qu. fr. II 10 aperuit lecticam. Phil. II § 58 aperta lectica mima portabatur. ad Att. x 10. Suet. Aug. 53. Tit. 10. Mart. XII 18 18. Apul. de mag. 76 vectabatur octaphoro. vidistis profecto qui adfuistis quam improba iuvenum circumspectatrix, quam immodica sui ostentatrix. NUDA PAENE the less usual position in Cicero e. g. Phil. 1 § 17 n. fin. 1 § 4 Madvig. Verg. g. 11 219 Wagner; common in Quintil. Bonnell. Sen. contr. IV 25 § 16 p. 255 1.24 nemo paene sine vitio est. CATHEDRA Plin. XVI § 68 supinarum in delicias cathedrarum aptissimae [salices]. Mart. 11 63 7. XII 38 1. Calpurn. vII 28 feminea. Iuv. vi 91 mollis. IX 52 strata. easy chair. Marquardt v (2) 317. 66 REFERENS recalling, as in referre patrem vultu etc. Aen. IV 329.' x 766. III 123 exiguum de. Lucr. cetera de genere hoc Hand II 203. MAECENATE VII 94 n. XII 38, 39 n. vestem purpuream, teneris quoque Maecenatibus aptam. Vell. 11 88 § 2 otio ac mollitiis paene ultra feminam fluens. Sen. ep. 120 § 20 Licinum divitiis, Apicium cenis, Maecenatem deliciis provocant. de prov. 3 §§ 10, 11 M. not happier than Regulus; weeping his sullen wife's daily divorce [cf. ep. 114 § 6], he sought sleep per symphoniarum cantum ex longinquo lene resonantium . . mero se licet sopiat et aquarum fragoribus avocet et mille voluptatibus mentem anxiam fallat, tam vigilabit in pluma quam ille in cruce.. hunc voluptatibus marcidum. He was an epicure Plin. vIII § 170 and introduced asses' flesh as a dainty, though after his death interiit auctoritas saporis; a hard drinker Sen. ep. 114 § 5 eloquentiam ebrii hominis; Trimalchio the sot Petron. 71 is Maecenatianus. Plin. XIV § 67 Maecenatiana, wines so called. Hor. c. 1 20 9-12. He was a collector of gems and of Etruscan ware Maecenas to Horace anth. 82 M., a passion ridiculed by Augustus Macr. 11 4 § 12 vale, ... Tiberinum margaritum, Cilniorum smaragde, iaspi figulorum, berylle Porsenae, μάλαγμα moecharum ; also of costly tables Suid. ¿yywvios. 'Ióprios. He was escorted by eunuchs Sen. ep. 114 § 6, and by a train of parasites Hor. s. 11 8 21, 22. Suet. vit. Hor. p. 45 1. 11 R. ista parasitica mensa. He was a patron of actors, e. g. of Bathyllus Tac. an. 1 54. Dio LIV 17 § 5. His foppery was shewn in his curls (Suet. Aug. 86 μvpoßpexeîs cincinnos met. of his affected style as Tac. dial. 26 calamistros Maecenatis, cf. Hor. c. 111 29 4); his softness in the invention of tepid swimming baths Dio LV 7; Tac. XIV 53 his otium. His wife's infidelity was provoked by his example Macr. 1. c. Tac. an. I 54. Plut. cited on 57. Hor. epod. 3 20-22. His house, turris Maecenatiana, and gardens (Tac. an. xv 39. Fronto cited on 12) and his style (Sen. ep. 19 § 9 ebrius sermo. 92 § 35. 101 §§ 10-14. 114 §§ 4-8. Quintil. Ix 4 § 28. Macr. 1. c.) all spoke of his love of ease. Sen. ep. 114 § 4 quomodo ambulaverit, quam delicatus fuerit, quam cupierit videri, quam

66-68]

FORGED WILLS. LAUTUS. TABULAE.

115

vitia sua latere noluerit. § 6. hoc tibi occurret, hunc esse qui solutis tunicis in urbe semper incesserit? . . . hunc esse, qui in tribunali, in rostris, in omni publico coetu sic adparuerit, ut pallio velaretur caput exclusis utrimque auribus? See lives of M. by J. H. Meibom L.B. 1653, Lion Gött. 1824, Frandsen Altona 1843, J. Matthes in the Dutch symbol. lit. v 1-36. SUPINO Lucan Ix 588-9 of Cato nulla vehitur cervice supinus | carpentove sedens. Mart. 11 6 13 numquam deliciae supiniores. 86 1 quod nec carmine glorior supino. Sen. de ben. 11 13 § 2 of the pride of wealth libet.. interrogare, quid se tantopere resupinet. Pers. I 129 Jahn. Lucian gall. 12 I was driving in a white chariot, éžvπτiázwv, conspicuous and envied by all beholders. merc. cond. 3. 67 SIGNATOR, FALSO Jahn signator falso, qui, but there seems to be no authority for such an abl. Madvig opusc. I 40 reads either signator, falso ut primum universe falso dicatur, deinde singulatim, et ita ut facilitas rei significetur, exig. . . . uda (quod tamen nec per se bonum est et nimis nude sic dicitur signator)', or signato falso 'ut signator scriptum sit ab aliquo, qui subiectum praecedentis sententiae substantivo expressum desideraverit.' Markl. coni. falsi, and so MS. V. But sign., as defined by the relative clause, is not 'bare;' the word is commonly used alone, without a gen. A friend, called in at the mortal agony, to give validity by his signature to the testament, takes that opportunity to deceive his friend. Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? x 336 n. vIII 142 falsas signare tabellas. See Forc. Dirksen, Bonnell. Exx. of forgery Tac. an. XIV 40. h. II 86. Suet. Aug. 19, 33. Claud. 9, 15. Ner. 17 adversus falsarios tunc primum repertum, ne tabulae nisi pertusae ac ter lino per foramina traiecto [Cic. Catil. III § 10. Lucian Timon 22. Alex. 21. Marquardt v (2) 387–9] obsignarentur; cautum ut testamentis primae duae cerae, testatorum nomine modo inscripto, vacuae signaturis ostenderentur, et nequi alieni testamenti scriptor legatum sibi ascriberet. Regulus Plin. ep. 11 20 dictated wills in his own favour, quod est inprobissimum genus falsi. Oppianicus in Cic. p. Cluent. § 125 practised both crimes, of forgery and poisoning. § 41 Dinea testamentum faciente, cum tabulas prehendisset Oppianicus, ... digito legata delevit: et.. ne lituris coargui posset, testamentum in alias tabulas transscriptum, signis adulterinis obsignavit. cf. Phil. XIV § 7. Crassus and Hortensius did not disdain to profit by a forged will de off. III § 73. Catiline Sall. 16 § 2 lent testes signatores que falsos. The tablets of the will were pierced with one or two holes, through which strings were passed, tied and sealed; by the side of the seals the names of the testator and witnesses in the gen. case (sc. signum), were written. Titus, who was skilled in counterfeiting hands, boasted Suet. 3 maximum falsarium esse potuisse. Prud. cathem. 12 85-88 hunc et prophetis testibus | isdemque signatoribus testator et sator iubet | adire regnum et cernere. In Domitian's time Plin. paneg. 34 nulla iam testamenta secura. dig. XLVIII 10. xxix 3 4-7. cod. 1x 22. Rein Criminalr. 774-9, 783-6. Privatr.2 791-2. LAUTUM III 221. vii 175, 177. xi 1, 140. XIV 13, 257. Cic. p. Flacc. § 90 patrimonium. BEATUM 39 n. 68 EXIGUIS TABULIS XII 125. It would be enough to say Gaius II § 117 TITIVS HERES ESTO or TITIVM HEREDEM ESSE IVBEO. On the irony cf. Hor. s. II 1 53–6 Scaevae vivacem crede nepoti | matrem; nil faciet sceleris pia dextera: mirum | ut neque calce lupus quemquam neque dente petit bos: | sed mala tollet anum vitiato melle cicuta. Cic. p. Scaur. II § 9 Or. negotium dedisse liberto, ut illi aniculae non ille quidem vim adferret (neque enim erat rectum

116

POISONERS.

CALENUM. RUBETA.

[I 68-70 patronae), sed collum digitulis [obs. the dimin. and cf. Iuv. XIV 222] duobus oblideret, resticula cingeret. GEMMA UDA 29. v 43 n. XIII 138. Ov. am. II 15 15-17 of a ring ut arcanas possim signare tabellas,| neve tenax ceram sicca que gemma trahat, | umida formosae tangam prius ora puellae. tr. v 4 5,6. ex Ponto 11 9 67-70 non ego caede nocens in Ponti litora veni, | mixtave sunt nostra dira venena manu. | nec mea subiecta convicta est gemma tabella mendacem linis imposuisse notam. met. Ix 566–7. Mart. XIV 123. x 70 7 signat mea gemma. Macr. VII 13 §§ 11—13. Marquardt v (2) 291. 69 OCCURRIT V 54 n. POTENS a mulier potens, Clodia, mixed up in a poisoning case Cic. p. Cael. § 62. cf. §§ 56-69. § 18 Palatina Medea. § 60 charged with poisoning her husband Metellus. Caelius in Quintil. vIII 6 § 53 called her quadrantariam Clytaemnestram. cf. Iuv. vi 656. x 25. MOLLE μaλaкóv )( durum σêλnpóv Verg. g. 1 341. Hor. c. 1 7 19.

CALENUM Hor. c. 1 20 9. 31 9. Iv 12 14. Mart. x 35 21. Ath. 27 a light, Koûpos, and more digestible than Falernian. Plin. 1 § 60 hinc felix illa Campania. ab hoc sinu incipiunt vitiferi colles et temulentia nobilis suco per omnis terras incluto, atque, ut veteres dixere, summum Liberi patris cum Cerere certamen. hinc Setini et Caecubi protenduntur agri. his iunguntur Falerni, Caleni. xiv § 65 after naming Massicum, Falernum and Statanum, iuncta his praeponi solebant Calena. Cales, Calvi, on a branch of the via Latina, between Teanum and Casilinum, often named by Cic. Liv. Plin., and still shewing the remains of a theatre and amphitheatre; its coins are numerous. Strab. 237 ἀξιόλογος.

70 PORRECTURA VI 632-3 mordeat ante aliquis, quidquid porrexerit illa, quae peperit; timidus praegustet pocula papas. Quintil. decl. 17 § 11 venenum paro, qui non ministrum, qui non invenio conscium?... an videlicet spero posse fieri, ut ipse porrigam? Vitellius Suet. 14 killed many of his friends, unum veneno manu sua porrecto in aquae frigidae potione, quam is adfectus febre poposcerat. Tiberius Suet. 53 once inter cenam porrecta a se poma gustare non ausam [Agrippinam] etiam vocare desiit, simulans veneni se crimine accersi. porrectum sumere dextra | immortale merum. Mart. ν 73 12. = προτείνειν.

Stat. s. Iv 2 11 Iliaca
Hor. ep. 1 18 92 Obb.

VIRO SITIENTE

on the Zumpt § 641. Duker

abl. absolute cf. 152. Schömann opusc. III 373. on Flor. Iv 12 § 28. Caes. Gall. v 4 § 3. Poison was, as the word itself (potio, potion) imports, mostly given in liquids Cic. Cluent. § 173 illud quam non probabile, quam inusitatum, in pane datum venenum! faciliusne potuit quam in poculo? latius potuit abditum aliqua in parte panis, quam si totum colliquefactum in potione esset? Quintil. VII 2 §§ 17, 18, 25. 3 § 7. Ix 2 § 105. Mart. Iv 69 tu Setina quidem semper vel Massica ponis,| Papile; sed rumor tam bona vina negat. | diceris hac factus caelebs quater esse lagona; | nec puto, nec credo, Papile, nec sitio.

MISCET VIII 220 n. xiv 174. Verg. g. 111 283. Sen. ben. v 13 § 4 qui veri beneficii specie fefellit, tam ingratus est quam veneficus qui soporem, cum venenum crederet, miscuit. de ira 111 33 § 1 of money patres liberosque committit, venena miscet. Hamlet 1 2 268 thou mixture rank, of midnight weeds collected.

RUBETAM

VI 659 at nunc res agitur tenui pulmone rubetae. cf. on poisoning 1 158. v 148. vI 133—5, 616–642. vII 169 n. vIII 17, 219. Ix 100. x 25. XIII 25 partos gladio vel pyxide nummos. 154. XIV 173-6. 249-255 n. Plin. VIII § 110. XI § 280 aqua vinumque interimit salamandra ibi immortua, vel si omnino biberit unde potetur, item rana quam rubetam vocant. XXV § 123. XXXII § 50 sunt [ranae] quae in vepribus tantum vicunt, ob id

701

WIVES POISON THEIR HUSBANDS.

...

117

rubetarum nomine,. quas Graeci phrynus vocant, grandissimae omnium, geminis veluti cornibus, plenae veneficiorum. More about its use in poisons, antidotes, enchantments ind. rana. rubeta. Theophr. fr. 15 § 1, 1 835 Schn. the envious stag buries his right horn, which is of service against the poison of the opúvn. Ael. n. a. XVII 12 its very look renders a man pale for some days; if any one bruise it and pour the blood into wine or any other drink, ὧνπερ οἱ τούτων κατάρατοι σοφισταὶ τὴν πονηρὰν ἀκριβοῦντες σοφίαν ἐπιτήδειον ἤγηνται τὴν πρὸς ἐκεῖνο τὸ αἷμα Kpâov, the potion will be at once fatal. Phile de anim. propr. 32=31 745-760 the ruddiest of men turns yellow as the jaundice at sight of the ppúvn. Its one liver is a deadly poison, but the second acts as an antidote to the first; pound it well, squeeze out its blood and serve in wine or any other drink, and instant death will ensue. The two livers also in Ael. n. a. xvII 15. cf. Nicand. alexiph. 580-606 [=567-593], where Schn. 274-282 cites Aëtius c. 36 (which corresponds with Dioscor. de ven. 31 cf. parabil. II 157) and by the horns in Pliny identifies it with the bufo cornutus L. In Paul. Aegin. v 35 with Adams II 207, wine, exercise, the bath, are the remedies prescribed. Dioscor. de ven. pref. the skill with which poisons are disguised in medicines, in drinks, ἐν οἴνοις σκληροῖς, in sauces; the suspicious should eschew all highly seasoned dishes; when thirsty they should not drink hastily, nor when hungry eat, but first take a draught of cold water, and then carefully try the quality of what is set before them; when ailing, they should reject the draughts of pretended remedies, ἃς εἰσφέρουσιν οἱ κακουργοῦντες τὰ δηλητήρια. Plut. quaest. conv. VIII 73 § 4 speaks of the hostility of the rubetae to man, and de inv. 3 537 a of man's antipathy against them. They were used also in magic 111 44 n. Prop. III 6 [=IV 5 or 6] 27 ranae portenta rubetae. Lucian philops. 12. The more deadly mineral poisons were unknown to the ancients Quintil. decl. 350 p. 741 B. aliud [venenum] ex radicibus herbarum contrahitur, aliud ex animalibus mortiferis reservatur. On the prevalence of poisoning in Rome see Plin. II §§ 156, 157 earth bears poisons in mercy to man, to save him from famine, the halter, the sword; that we might pass away whole and entire, with no loss of blood; earth bears them as a remedy, we have made of them the poison of life. XVIII SS 2-4 man alone has found poisons, ipsi nocentius aliquid damus ferro, nos et flumina inficimus et rerum naturae elementa. Hor. s. 1 9 31. II 1 48. 53-56 where as in 3 131 a son poisons his mother. Philo spec. leg. 17, 18 11 315-6 M. extols the Mosaic laws against poisoning and enchantment: Toλváveрwπa συσσίτια, brought together to the same salt and the same table, ἐν σπονδαῖς ἄσπονδα ἔπαθεν. the means of life are transformed into workers of death; often madness ensues, expelling man's diviner part, leaving his brute nature only etc. See also ad Herenn. IV § 23. Plin. ep. vII 6 § 8: indd. Plin. Suet. Galen. venenum. on the trade Iuv. XII 154 n., on antidotes xiv 252 n. Marquardt v (1) 67. Rein in Pauly, veneficium, venenum, Criminalr. 406, 410, 426 seq. 435 seq. B.c. 331 many noble Romans were reported to have been poisoned; and 170 matrons were condemned Liv. viii 18. VM. II 5 § 3. Õros. III 10. Aug. civ. D. III 17 § 2. в.c. 186 there was a like alarm Liv. xxxix 8 § 8. B.C. 184 according to Val. Antias ib. 41 $$ 5, 6 cl. 38 § 3, 2000 poisoners were condemned. B.C. 180 the consul C. Calpurnius was poisoned by his wife Liv. XL 37. B.C. 154 two consulars were poisoned by their wives Liv. epit. 48. VM. vi 3 § 8. M. Cato in Quintil. v 11 § 39 nullam adulteram non eandem esse veneficam. 10 § 25 facilius.. veneficium in femina credas. ad Herenn. 1 § 23 maiores quam impudicam iudicarant, ea veneficii quoque damnata

nostri,

...