128

PRAETEXTATUS ADULTER. DEUCALION.

[I 78-81

PRAETEXTATUS

inscriptions. cf. the age of Quintilian's wife. ADULTER II 140. xi 155 n. Suet. Calig. 24 Drusillam vitiasse virginem praetextatus adhuc creditur. Aug. 44 maritis e plebe proprios ordines assignavit, praetextatis cuneum suum, et proximum paedagogis. Plin. ep. IV 13 § 3 venit ad me salutandum municipis mei filius praetextatus. huic ego 'studes'? inquam. respondet etiam.' Cic. Phil. 11 § 44 tenesne memoria praetextatum te decoxisse? Sen. brev. vit. 6 § 1 pupillus adhuc et praetextatus. Cicero in Suet. rhet. 1 and Sen. contr. praef. p. 50 1. 11 called the consuls Hirtius and Pansa who practised declamation under him his disciples and grandes praetextatos. Iuv. x 308.

79 NATURA NEGAT anthol. 800 M. 4 quod natura negat, nec recipit ratio. Boileau la colère suffit, et vaut un Apollon. cf. poeta nascitur, non fit. Calvin in the verses to Christ, his only poem quod natura negat, studii pius efficit ardor.

80 CLUVIENUS so Schneidewin philol. 1848 III 131 reads for Calvinus in Mart. vII 90 2,3 aequales scribit libros Cluvienus et Umber. | aequalis liber est, Cretice, qui malus est. Ennod. ep. v 8 in Gron. obs. 11 22. id. cited on 18. cf. the irony of Hor. s. 1 1 120-1 ne me Crispini scrinia lippi | compilasse putes.

81-146 Human life from the flood, with all its passions and interests, is my theme (81-86). The gambler stakes his fortune, leaving his page the while in tatters (87-93); the great add palace to palace, luxury to luxury, but for themselves alone; poor retainers may not pass the threshold, where, after a jealous scrutiny, the fixed pittance is doled out; praetors and tribunes themselves attend the levée, and are served in the order of their rank; but a wealthy freedman claims precedence (94—109); for Mammon is the god we worship (109-116). The dole is an item in a consul's revenue; can the poor man scorn it, who has nothing else? Great ladies in their palanquins follow their husbands for a second dole; sometimes the empty palanquin deceives the steward (117-126). After a long day's attendance clients disperse to their dinner of herbs; while the 'king' and patron devours an estate at a solitary board. Excess will cut short his days; and he will die unwept (127-146). 81-86 From the

day when Deucalion, climbing' the peak of Parnasus in a boat, sought counsel of Themis how earth might be replenished, when stones kindled into man, and mother Pyrrha presented her daughters, newborn as they were, to a suitor's choice,-from that day forward all acts of man, all passions, the whole giddy whirl of life, form the medley mixture of my satire. 81 EX QUO VI 294. x 77. XIV 261. Cic. off. II

§ 15. Hand II 649. EX QUO DEUCALION SO xv 30 31 nam scelus, a Pyrra quamquam omnia syrmata volvas, nullus aput tragicos populus facit. Varro de gente populi Romani began the mythical period with the earlier deluge of Ogygius Censorin. 21. Aug. civ. D. XVIII 8. XXI 8; and placed Deucalion's deluge in the reign of Kranaos son of Kekrops ib. xvII 10. So Apollod. 1 14 5 § 1. Clem. Al. str. 1 145 S. places it four generations after Moses B. c. 1533 Müller fr. hist. Gr. 111 503. Theophil. ad Autol. 11 30 identifies D. with Noah, and derives the name III 18, 19 from Δεῦτε, καλεῖ ὑμᾶς ὁ θεὸς εἰς μετάνοιαν. Prop. II= 111 32 53-55 uses the flood of D. as Iuv. does here; vice, he says, prevailed in Saturn's reign, et cum Deucalionis aquae fluxere per orbem, | et post antiquas Deucalionis aquas. See on D. Grote pt. 1 c. 5. Preller gr. Mythol. 1 65, 66. Welcker gr. Götterl. 1 770-777. The Chaldean and other traditions of a deluge are collected by Winer Realwörterb. Noach; v. Bohlen, Tuch, Knobel on Gen. 6-8; the original authorities are given by Heideg

81 82]

THE DELUGE. THE ARK. SORTES.

129

ger hist. patriarch. 1 571 seq. DEUCALION Hellanikos wrote a Deukalionea fr. 15-27 Müller. The Greeks distinguished a Pelasgian race, sprung from Phoroneus, and a Hellenic, from D. Apul. de mag. 41 cites the fossil fish in the inland mountains of Gaetulia as a relic of the flood of D. NIMBIS The food of D. is an επομβρία Paus. I 18 §§ 7, 8 the Athenians shewed in the precinct of Ge Olympia the cleft through which the waters ran off; cf. 1 40 § 1. v 8 §1. Apollod. 1 7 2 § 3. Clem. Al. str. 1 p. 145 S. a yearly vopopopía commemorated the victims of the flood Hesych. etym. m. s. v. vôpop. Plut. Sull. 14. Ov. m. I 260-1 because of the wickedness of the iron age, it is resolved ex omni nimbos demittere caelo, cf. 266, 269. Lucan 1 648 Deucalioneos... imbres. 82 NAVIGIO MONTEM ASCENDIT satirical

x 174 seq. In Paus. x 6 § 2 the local legend knows of many who escaped to the top of Parnasus. NAVIGIO Apollod. 1 7 2 § 2 λάρνακα. So Plut. de sol. anim. 13 § 1 p. 968f where he mentions the dove whose return was a sign of storm, her departure, of fine weather. So Lucian de salt. 39. de dea Syr. 12, D. took into the ark pairs of animals miraculously tamed; ib. 13 at Hierapolis he saw the cleft through which the waters retired, and into which 'all Syria and Arabia and many from beyond Euphrates' twice a year poured sea-water (a vôpopopia). In Lucian Timon 3 we read KiẞwTiov. the LXX and N. T. call Noah's ark KIẞwrós, an epithet of Apamea (Strab. 576. Plin. v § 106) a town whose coins bear an ark, with 2 birds above, one holding a twig, a man and a woman standing in it, and NO upon it, Eckhel III 132, 133. The word ark has descended through the Latin fathers into modern languages. As in the time of Josephus ant. 1 3 § 5. xx 2 § 2 fragments of the ark were shewn in Armenia, so in the time of Berosus, fr. 7 11 501 Müller, fragments of the ship of Xisuthrus were there shewn, and pieces of bitumen from it sold as amulets. So Abydenus fr. 1 iv 280 M. Nicolaus Damasc. fr. 26 III 415 M. who names mt. Baris. MONTEM Hellan. fr.

16 M. names Othrys; Hygin. 153 Aetna; Serv. Aen. vi 41 Athos; Arrian fr. 26 in etym. m. dpéotos Nemea; Lucian Tim. 3 Lycoreus, i. e. Parnasus. Andron Halic. fr. 2 in etym. m. and in schol. Apoll. Rh. 11 705 derives Parnasus (originally Larnasus) from λápvaş. Öv. m. 1 316-9 mons ibi... | nomine Parnasus. | hic ubi Deucalion... | cum consorte tori parva rate vectus adhaesit. In the Mahâ-Bhârata it is to the highest peak of the Himalayas that Manus (Mensch, man) moors the ship, in which by Brahmâ's orders he had collected all manner of seeds. Bopp die Sündflut, Berl. 1829. SORTES VI 583. Thrasybulos and Akestodoros in Müller fr. hist. gr. 11 464 make D. consult the oak of Dodona; so Hygin. 153 al. ap. Muncker make Iuppiter give the oracle. Ov. m. 1 320-1 D. and P. adore the Corycian nymphs and deities of the mountain fatidicamque Themin, quae tunc oracla tenebat. 367-8 placuit caeleste precari | numen, et auxilium per sacras quaerere sortis. They ask how they may restore mankind (a common inquiry, cf. Laios) 381-3 mota dea est, sortem que dedit, 'discedite templo | et velate caput ....¦ ossaque post tergum magnae iactate parentis'. D. reads the riddle 393-4 magna parens terra est, lapides in corpore terrae | ossa reor dici. Arnob. v 5. Divination by lot was specially Italian; local sortes were famous, as the Praenestinae xiv 90 n. Sortes are properly little strips of wood, shuffled and drawn Marquardt Iv 103-112; but the name was applied to any oracle or omen Enn. Alex. in Cic. de div. 1 § 42 praying Apollo to explain quo sese vertant tantae sortes somnium. [ Lucr. Iv 1239 nequiquam divom numen sortis que fatigant.' H. A. J. M.]. Cic. de

So

130

SORTES. RACE OF STONE. DISCURSUS. [I 82-86

divin. 11 § 70 sortes eae, quae ducuntur, non illae, quae vaticinatione funduntur, quae oracla verius dicimus. ib. §§ 85-87 Cic. speaks of them with contempt. Apul. Iv 32 Apollo...sic Latina sorte respondit, after which follow elegiac verses. A favorite form of divination, by verses of poets Aug. conf. Iv § 5, or of the gospels, is condemned by Aug. ad Ianuar. II ep. 55 § 37 though qui de paginis evangelicis sortes ducunt, do better than if they consulted demons, still I disapprove the practice of seeking to employ for worldly business the divine oracles which speak on account of another life'. This form of sortilege was practised among the methodists Lackington's autobiogr. 53. T. Gataker of the nature and use of lots, Lond. 1619, 4to. Hofmann and Pitiscus sortes. Drak. on Liv. v 16 § 8. Preller röm. Mythol. 561. K. F. Hermann gottesd. Alterth. § 39 15, 16. Pauly 11 1154. vi 1328. Suet. Vesp. 5. Verg. Aen. III 456 oracula. Sil. 1 121 responsa.

POPOSCIT

83 MOLLIA

Ov. m. 1 400-2, 407-8 saxa... | ponere duritiem coepere suumque rigorem mollirique mora mollitaque ducere formam [: • quae tamen ex illis aliquo pars umida suco | et terrena fuit, versa est in corporis usum. SAXA Pind. O. Ix 65--71 = 42-46 (Cary) descending

from Parnassus' head, | Pyrrha with Deucalion rear'd | a mansion first; and straight appear'd, | without the bed, the race of stone; hence by like name through Grecia known, ὁμόδαμον | κτησάσθαν λίθινον γόνον· | λaoi d' óvóμaolev. Epicharm. in schol. ib. gives the same derivation; an unknown poet ibid. ἐκ δὲ λίθων ἐγένοντο βροτοί, λαοὶ δὲ καλεῦντο. Verg. ecl. 6 41 lapides Pyrrhae iactos. g. 1 62 what time first Deucalion vacuum lapides iactavit in orbem, | unde homines nati durum genus. Apollod. 1 7 2 § 6 gives the explanation λαοὶ μεταφορικῶς ὠνομάσθησαν ἀπὸ Tài Xâas, ỏ ribos. Colum.x65−67. Ov. m. r411–4 saxa | missa viri manibus faciem traxere virorum, | et de femineo reparata est femina iactu. inde genus durum sumus experiensque laborum. Iustin 11 6 § 11 has a rationalistic version; the deluge drowned the bulk of the Greeks, some escaped to the mountains, others on rafts to Deucalion king of Thessaly, a quo propterea genus hominum conditum dicitur. Alcimus IV 3-7 fabula mendax victuros lapides mundum sparsisse per amplum | Deucaliona refert, durum genus unde resumpti | descendant homines, cunctisque laboribus apti saxea per duram monstrent primordia mentem; the whole book is on the deluge. A. Humboldt zu Schomburghs Reise 35 seq. (cited by J. G. Müller) reports a Carib legend from the Orinoco: in the flood a man and a woman who escaped to the peak of mt. Tamanacu, threw over their heads fruits of the Mauritia palm, which became men and women and repeopled the earth. Stesimbr. in Etym. m. 'Idaîo Zeus commanded his nurses to take dust and throw it behind them, whence sprung the Idaean Dactyli. 84 cf. for the scoff 10, 11, II 149 seq. III 12. iv 36. XIII 38-52. XVI 4. NUDAS XI 170. Rigalt de P. loquitur, ut de lena quadam. Suet. Aug. 69 Cas. condiciones quaesitas per amicos, qui matres jamilias et adultas aetate virgines denudarent atque perspicerent, tamquam Thoranio mangone vendente. 85 VOTUM TIMOR IRA VOLUPTAS Aen. vi 733 hinc metuont cupiuntque, dolent gaudentque. Varro in Serv. there, upon the four cardinal passions. 86 DISCURSUS Sen. ad Ser. de ot. 6 § 5 discursus et sudor. brev. vit. 3 § 2 officiosa per urbem discursatio. 14 § 3 isti qui per officia discursant, qui se aliosque inquietant, cum bene insanierint, cum omnium limina cotidie perambulaverint nec ullas apertas fores praeterierint, cum per diversissimas domos meritoriam salutationem circumtulerint, quotum quemque ex tam immensa et variis cupiditatibus districta urbe poterunt

86-89] FARRAGO. ET. AVARITIAE SINUS. HOS ANIMOS. 131

videre? Tac. a. IV 74 Romae sueti discursus, et magnitudine urbis incertum quo quisque ad negotium pergat. Plin. ep. 1 9 § 7 strepitum istum inanemque discursum et multum ineptos labores. VIII 23 § 5. Mart. vII 39 1 discursus varios vagumque mane. Tert. de idol, 11. Macr. I 10 § 24 discursum publicum of the Saturnalia. Cf. ind. Apul. and Quintil. In this sense the word belongs to the silver age, which also coined the word ardelio busybody' Phaedr. 11 5. Friedländer 13 323. Exx. of diadρoμń from Plut. in Wytt. on Eunap. 278—9. FARRAGO a medley, hotch-potch; properly mixed fodder given to cattle Paul. Fest. 91 M.; of barley, vetch, spelt Varr. r. r. 1 31 § 5. Plin. XVIII § 142. cf. satura in Forc. EST follows the number of the predicate, as

it commonly does when the predicate is a substantive, and est follows immediately upon it Madvig § 216. Zumpt § 369. Ramshorn § 97 n. 4. Curt. 111 3 § 15 Mützell Doryphori vocabantur proximum his agmen. Ov. a. a. III 222 quas geritis vestis, sordida lana fuit.

87-93 When was vice more rampant? avarice more greedy? the spirit of gaming so fierce? for our gamesters stake no longer a single purse, but their all upon the cast; their stewards act the squires in the battle of the dice and coin: 'tis madness on madness to lose 100 sestertia, and cheat your shivering lackey of his livery.

87 ET QUANDO on et in indignant questions see Mühlmann col. 838. Hand II 492. Cic. Phil. II § 39 n. VITIORUM 147 seq. vI 292 seq. [Sen.] Oct. 429 seq.=441 seq. collecta vitia tot per aetates diu in nos redundant. saeculo premimur gravi | quo scelera regnant. 88 AVARITIAE PATUIT SINUS avaritia, like alea here and gula 140 n., is personified; she opens wide the folds of her toga to receive. Sen. ben. vII 19 § 3 si nummos, quos accipit, in sinum suum discinctus fundet, dabo. 11 16 § 2 of Alexander's friend, who refused the offer of a city, est tamen aliquis minor, quam ut in sinu eius condenda sit civitas. VI 43 § 1 they greatly err, who think it a proof of generosity proferre, donare, plurium sinum ac domum implere. cf. 11 31 § 5. ep. 20 § 10 non licet divitias in sinu positas contemnere? 74 § 6 the man who thinks that there is any good other than virtue, ad haec, quae a fortuna sparguntur, sinum expandit, and anxiously awaits her favours missilia eius. ep. 119 § 1 do you ask, what I have found? sinum laxa, merum lucrum est. de const. 6 § 7 qui hostem onerato sinu fugiunt. Stat. s. 1 6 79, 80 desunt qui rapiant, sinusque pleni | gaudent, dum nova lucra comparantur. Ov. amor. 1 10 18. Prop. 1-11 16 12. Apul. VIII 28 stipes aereas, immo vero et argenteas, sinu recepere patulo.

ALEA XI 176 n. xiv 4 n.

89 HOS ANIMOS habuit? Lucan vIII 541-3 o superi, Nilusne et barbara Memphis | et Pelusiaci tam mollis turba Canopi | hos animos? Sen. Troad. 339348 AGAM. hos Scyrus animos? i. e. the ruler of so small an isle shew such a spirit? PYRRH. scelere quae fratrum caret. On the omission of the verb cf. vII 207 n. Hom. K 43 xрew ẞouλîs èμè kaì σé. ANIMOS Verg. VII 383 of a whipping top dant animos plagae. Stat. T. III 671-2 ut rapidus torrens, animos cui verna ministrant | flamina. In such senses as 'ardour,' zest,' 'force,' 'spirit,' 'courage,' the pl. is usual vi 285. NEQUE rare in the post-Augustan poets; 7 times only in Iuv., whereas nec occurs more than 160 times L. Müller de re metrica 396. XI 30. In xv 107 nec enim. masculina semper pluralia; a cabinet, casket or case with compartments (Varr. r. r. III 17 § 4 loculatas arculus of paint-boxes) in which were kept

NEQUE ENIM VII 59. LOCULIS ranked with

132 LOCULI. CASUM TABULAE. DISPENSATOR. [I 89–92

6

money (x 46. xI 38. Hor. s. 1 3 17. 1 3 146. ep. 1 1 175. Mart. v 39 7 excussi loculosque sacculumque. Sen. de rem. fort. 10 § 3 Magnam pecuniam habet.' hominem illum iudicas? arca est: quis aerario, quis plenis invidet loculis? et iste, quem dominum pecuniae existimas, loculus est. n. q. II 31 § 1. 52 § 1. Suet. Galb. 12. Apul. m. Iv 16. dig. XXXIII 8 23 § 1), jewels (Iuv. XIII 139), keys (Plin. xiv § 89), rings (VM. VII 8 § 9) and the like, as in our desks. It was locked dig. XXXII 52 § 9, and sometimes sealed Plin. 1. c. Caes. ap. Charis. 1 79 K. locellum tibi signatum remisi, where obs. the sing. It was made of ivory (Ov. f. vi 749. Mart. xiv 12) or wood (ib. 13. one of ebony Apul. de mag. 61, 62). COMITANTIBUS often used, as comites vi 107, of lifeless companions. See Scheller. 90 CASUM throw, πтŵσis kúßwʊ, and thence chance, which is of the same root, cadentia. TABULAE Paulus 8 1 alveolum, tabula aleatoria.

A board 3 or 4 ft. x 3 ft. Plin. xxxvII § 13, with a raised margin; some still exist Marquardt v (2) 427. Salm. in a learned note on Vopisc. Proc. 13 pp. 735-761 cites Táßλŋs Túxas, Taßλijew, tablista, and understands the ludus duodecim scriptorum; but all the terms here used are general, including every game in which dice are used.

POSITA SED LUDITUR ARCA they stake the strong box on the game Plaut. Curc. 354-6 talos poscit sibi in manum, | provocat me in aleam, ut ego ludam. pono pallium: ille suum anulum opposivit. Verg. ecl. 111 30.

ARCA here )( loculis. x1 26 n. )(sacculus.

91 PROELIA anthol. 915 7-9 M. composita est tabulae nunc talis formula belli, cuius missa facit tessera principium. | ludentes vario exercent proelia talo. Suet. Aug. 70 epigram on A. during the war in Sicily, postquam bis classe victus navis perdidit, | aliquando ut vincat, ludit adsidue aleam. DISPENSATORE cashier, paymaster, VII 219 qui dispensat. Macrob. II 4 § 31 a Graeculus used to offer Augustus a Greek epigram as he came down from the Palatium. One day A. seeing him, scribbled a Greek epigram himself and tossed it to him. The Greek legendo laudare, mirari tam voce quam vultu; drawing out a few denarii he gave them to the emperor, saying, 'By thy fortune, Augustus, εἰ πλέον εἶχον, πλέον ἐδίδουν, secuto omnium risu dispensatorem Caesar vocavit et sestertia centum numerare Graeculo iussit. Petron. 30. Quintil. decl. 345 ad summum in re publica nostra honorem non animus, non virtus, non manus mittit, sed arca et dispensator. dig. x1 3 16. Friedländer 13 113. Becker Gallus 113 118. The word like dispendium, pensio, pound, stipendium recalls the time when money was weighed for every payment Varr. 1. 1. v § 183. Plin. XXXIII § 43. Gaius I VIDEBIS V 25 n. 92 ARMIGERO

Plin. II

122. here the coins are the weapons; in xIv 5 the dice. SIMPLEXNE FUROR XIV 284 non unus mentes agitat furor, § 200 of an earthquake nec vero simplex malum aut in ipso tantum motu periculum est, sed par aut maius ostento. The frenzy of the churlish spendthrift, cf. v 115 dives tibi, pauper amicis, is manifold. Hor. s. II 7 70 o totiens servus. FUROR II 18. VIII 97 r. XIV 136. Very frequent, as also morbus, insanus, insania etc. of moral disorders. See ind. Luc. Plin. Mühlmann, furor lucri etc. SESTERTIA CENTUM Suet. Aug. 17 A. to Tiberius, 'we have spent the Quinquatrus pleasantly enough; lusimus enim per omnes dies forumque aleatorium calfecimus. Your brother made a great clamour, but finally perdidit non multum, and gradually retrieved his heavy losses beyond his hopes. Ego perdidi viginti milia nummum