200

VENETO CUCULLO. TOGA RARA. [III 170-176

VENETO CUCULLo Lyd. de mens. Iv 25 βενέτους δὲ αὐτοὺς ἐπιχωρίως καλοῦσιν σιδηροβάφους· τὸ γὰρ παρ' ἡμῖν λεγόμενον καλλάϊνον χρῶμα Ρωμαῖοι βένετον πроσαуoрeúοváι. Specially called sea-green by Veget. Iv 27. So the factio veneta is called caerulea and κvavéα Lamprid. Elagab. 24.

CUCULLO

a sort of cape, worn over the lacerna. It was drawn over the head either to disguise the wearer vIII 145, or to defend him from the weather Hor. S. II 5 94: Colum. 1 8 § 9 cultam vestitamque familiam magis utiliter quam delicate habeat [vilicus], munitamque diligenter a vento frigore pluviaque; quae cuncta prohibentur pellibus manicatis, centonibus confectis vel sagis cucullis. 171 PARS MAGNA ITALIAE EST Plin. ep. I 14 § 4 patria est ei Brixia ex illa nostra Italia, quae multum adhuc verecundiae,, frugalitatis atque etiam rusticitatis antiquae retinet ac servat. cf. Tac. an. 111 55. Agr. 4. Suet. Vesp. 9. 172 TOGAM 127 n. 179 n. costly and inconvenient x1 204, and hence little worn except on formal occasions. The charm of Pliny's Tuscan villa was ep. v 6 § 45 altius ibi otium et pinguius eoque securius, nulla necessitas togae. ib. vi 30 § 4 togati et urbani are opposed to duri et agrestes. ib. VII 3 § 2 quin ergo aliquando in urbem redis? quousque regnabis? quousque vigilabis cum voles? dormies quamdiu voles? quousque calcei nusquam? toga feriata? Mart. 1 49 31. Iv 66 1—3. x 47 5 toga rara. XII 18 17. At the Saturnalia the synthesis was worn instead of the toga in Rome ib. XIV 1 1. 141. Sen. ep. 18 § 1 hilarius cenandum et exuendam togam. Augustus forbade the citizens to appear without the toga in the forum or circus Suet. Aug. 40. cf. Spartian. Hadr. 22. MORTUUS Apul. flor. 1 n. 4 § 18 togam quoque parari et voto et funeri. Mart. 1x 58 8 pallens toga mortui tribulis. Plut. qu. Rom. 26 тò oŵμa τοῦ τεθνηκότος ἀμφιεννύουσι λευκοῖς. Artemid. II 3 ἀνδρὶ δὲ νοσοῦντι λευκὰ ἔχειν ἱμάτια θάνατον προαγορεύει διὰ τὸ τοὺς ἀποθανόντας ἐν λευκοῖς ¿кþépeσ0aɩ. dig. xv 3 19 filiusfamilias togam emit, mortuo deinde eo pater ignorans et putans suam esse, dedicavit eam in funus eius. magistrates were buried in the toga praetexta Liv. xxxiv 7.

IPSA even on festivals the undress tunic is worn Mart. x 51 6 o soles, o tunicata quies. 173 HERBOSO THEATRO Verg. Aen. 174 MAIESTAS I 113. XI

v 286 seq. Ov. a. a. 1 105 seq. 111. Observe the burlesque of epic rhythm here cf. IV 35 seq. REDIT VI 340 intulerit. x 11 n. L. Müller de re metr. 332. PULPITA XIV 257. 175 EXODIUM VI 71. Liv. VII 2 iuventus, histrionibus fabellarum actu relicto, ipsa inter se more antiquo ridicula intexta versibus iactitare coepit: unde exodia postea appellata consertaque fabellis potissimum Atellanis sunt. Lucil. ap. schol. principio exitus dignus exodiumque sequetur. a farce, so called as being performed at the close of the exhibition.

PERSONAE PALLENTIS HIATUM VI 636. Pers. v 3 Jahn. Lucian de salt. 27 'the actor with a mask that towers above his head, and a great mouth gaping wide, as if to swallow up the audience.' id. Nigrin. 11. lexx. s. v. manducus. 176 In the antich. di Ercol. pitt. 1 p. 181 three winged boys are seen at play. One by exhibiting a mask so alarms one of his playmates that he falls backward heels over head: cf. Sen. const. sap. 4 fin. more puerorum, quibus metus incutit umbra, et personarum deformitas et depravata facies. id. de ir. II 11 timetur a pluribus, sicut deformis persona ab infantibus. id. ep. 24 § 13 (pueri) quos amant, quibus assueverunt, cum quibus ludunt, si personatos vident, expavescunt. Mart. XIV 176. Timae. lex. Plat. μορμολυκεῖα. τὰ φοβερὰ τοῖς παισὶ προσωπεία. Ruhnk. ad 1. IN GREMIO MATRIS II, VI 467. Eur. Troad. 557-8. Kallim. in

176-1861

AMBITIOSA. METIT BARBAM.

201

Dian. 70–1 αὐτίκα τὴν κούρην μορμύσσεται· ἡ δὲ τεκούσης | δύνει ἔσω κόλπους θεμένη ἐπὶ φάεσι χεῖρας. 177 cf. 172 n. in the rustic crowd there is no distinction of latus clavus or angustus clavus, nor any praetexta; even the municipal senate (decuriones), who occupy the orchestra, as the senators do at Rome, are dressed like the rest of the spectators in tunics. 178 ORCHESTRAM Vitruv. v 6.

179 SUMMIS AEDILIBUS x 102 n. vacuis aedilis Ulubris. the chief local magistrate is content with the undress tunic, and does not care for any other dress of honour. Hor. s. 1 6 72-3 magni quo pueri magnis e centurionibus orti. 180 at Rome men live beyond their means, in order to make a figure in society. vI 352–365. Hor. ep. 1 18 22 gloria quem supra vires et vestit et unguit. s. II 3 323. HABITUS genitive. 181 ARCA XI 26 n. Sen. ep. 26 § 8 puta me non dicere unde sumpturus sum mutuum?' scis cuius arca utar. NITOR 157. Ix 13.

182 VII 135 seq. AMBITIOSA Ostentatious. Quintil. 11 4 § 29 infelix supellex, quae, sicut apud pauperes ambitiosos, pluribus et diversis officiis conteratur. Sen. ep. 50 § 3 nos sine duce erramus, et dicimus, non ego ambitiosus sum, sed nemo aliter Romae potest vivere. non ego sumptuosus sum, sed urbs ipsa magnas impensas exigit.' Mart. IX 63 3. Luc. IV 373-6 o prodiga rerum | luxuries, numquam parvo contenta paratu et quaesitorum terra pelagoque ciborum | ambitiosa fames. So in Greek φιλοτιμεῖσθαι. 184 QUID DAS Hor. s. 1 9 57. Sen. const. sap. 14 § 2 quid ergo? sapiens non accedet ad fores, quas durus ianitor obsidet? ille vero, si res necessaria vocabit experietur et illum, quisquis erit, tamquam canem acrem, obiecto cibo leniet, nec indignabitur aliquid impendere, ut limen transeat. ib. 15 § 5 domus haec sapientis angusta, sine cultu, sine strepitu, sine apparatu, nullis observaturianitoribus, turbam venali fastidiodigerentibus. id. de ben. vi 34 § 1 est proprium superbiae magno aestimare introitum ac tactum sui liminis et pro honore dare, ut ostio suo propius adsideas. Tac. ann. Iv 74 cited on x 90. Mart. v 22 10. schol. nobilem. viii 21. x 202.

COSSUM

ALIQUANDO Mart. Ix 8. 185 RESPICIAT Mart. x 10 5 qui me respiciet, dominum regemque vocabo? Tac. XIII 23. CLAUSO LABELLO Sen. brev. vit. 14 § 4 vix allevatis labiis insusurratum miliens nomen oscitatione superbissima reddent. ib. 2 § 5 ille tamen, quisquis est, insolenti quidem vultu, sed aliquando respexit. Suet. Ner. 37 Nero neque adveniens neque proficiscens quemquam osculo impertivit, ac ne resalutatione quidem. Lucian Saturnal. 20 fin. VEIENTO IV 113 n.

186 seq. When the patron offers to some god the locks of a handsome page, and the house is full of sacrificial cakes to be distributed to the guests, poor clients must fee the slaves or they are not admitted to a share. 186 METIT BARBAM VI 105. VIII 166. XIV 216. Stat. speaking of such an amatus s. 11 1 53 o ubi venturae spes non longinqua iuventae | atque genis optatus honos iurataque multum barba tibi. ib. III 4. Mart. I 31. id. 1 6. v 48 6. VII 95 12 metit. 1x 16 dulcesque capillos | Pergameo posuit dona sacrata deo | ille puer tota domino gratissimus aula. ib. 17. x 83. Pers. I 29. 11 70 Jahn. Petron. 29. Sil. Iv 200 seq. Verg. Aen. vII 391. Censorin. 1 § 10 (veteres) pro cetera corporis bona valetudine crinem deo sacrum pascebant. It was an exception when Caligula Suet. 10 uno atque eodem die togam sumpsit barbamque posuit sine ullo honore. Nero dedicated his beard in a golden globe to Iuppiter Capitolinus, and instituted to commemorate the event a festival iuvenalia DCass. LXI 19. The custom appears

202

VAILS TO SLAVES. TIBICINE.

[III 186-193

to have been borrowed from the Greeks, nor do we hear of it before the imperial age Marquardt v (2) 199-200. Schiller Nero 133. PONIT Tac. h. Iv 61. Mart. vII 29 3.

CRINEM DE-
AMATI VIII

v 56 seq. vI 34 seq.

127-8 si nemo tribunal | vendit acerse comes. 377 seq. XI 147 seq. Stat. s. III pr. Sen. ep. 47 § 7. 187 LIBA made of cheese, flour and eggs Cato r. r. 75, or milk, flour, honey Ath. III 125; used in sacrifices Hor. s. 11 6 67. 7 102. ep. 1 10 10; and birthday feasts Tibull. 11 2 8. VENALIBUS Marquardt v 1 256.

The cakes are given to all who come, but before they enter, they must fee the porter. ACCIPE take the liba,' says Umbricius, but add just rage as leaven; swell at this; poor clients pay | mere homage to proud slaves, who now bear sway.' HOLYDAY. 188 FERMENTUM Pers. I 24-5 quo didicisse, nisi hoc fermentum, et quae semel intus | innata est rupto iecore exierit caprificus ? TIBI HABE v 118 n.

PRAESTARE TRIBUTA CLIENTES COGIMUR

'vails.' Sen. ep. 47 § 9. Caesar bribed freedmen and slaves in order to win their masters Suet. 27. Spartian. Hadr. 4 § 5 it was generally believed corrupisse eum Traiani libertos, curasse delicatos eosdemque saepe livisse per ea tempora quibus in aula familiariorum fuit. cf. 21 § 2. Vespasian Suet. 23 quendam e caris ministris dispensationem cuidam quasi fratri petentem cum distulisset, ipsum candidatum ad se vocavit; exactaque pecunia, quantum is cum suffragatore suo pepigerat, sine mora ordinavit; interpellanti mox ministro alium tibi' ait quaere fratrem; hic, quem tuum putas, meus est.' Capitolin. Maximin. 5 § 10 meminerat praeterea, se Romae etiam a servis nobilium contemptum esse, ita ut ne a procuratoribus quidem eorum videretur. 189 CULTIS 158 n. PECULIA Marquardt v (1) 170. 184. 188. Wallon II 211 seq. 456. the property which a slave acquired for himself. Sen. ep. 80 § 4 peculium suum, quod comparaverunt ventre fraudato, pro capite numerant.

190-222 In the country one is not alarmed, as at Rome, by fires and falling houses. 190 TIMET AUT TIMUIT VIII 70 damus ac dedimus. GELIDA Hor. c. III 4 22 frigidum Praeneste. Praeneste (Palestrina) lay on a hill (Iuv. xiv 88) in Latium, twenty m. p. south-east of Rome, with which city it was connected by the Via Praenestina. Knies historia Praenestis oppidi, Bintel, 1846. 4to. Praeneste is mostly neuter, but fem. also in Verg. Aen. vIII 561, see Madvig opusc. 1 385; it is declined like caepe, gausape, Reate, Arelate, Bibracte. RUINAM 7 n. 191 VOLSINIIS now Bolsena, one of the most important of the twelve confederate towns of Etruria, lay to the north-east of the lacus Volsiniensis, on the Via Clodia between Clusium and Forum Cassii. 192 GABIIS X 100 n. Hor. ep. 1 15 9 Gabiosque petunt et PRONI TIBURIS Hor. c. 111 4 23 Tibur supiARCE XIV 87 n. summa nunc Tiburis arce. 193 TIBICINE Ov. fast. IV 695 stantem tibicine villam. Donat. vit. Verg. § 35 some thought that Verg. intended to write 24 books of the Aen., treating of the history of Augustus at great length, quippe qui, dum scriberet, ne quid impetum moraretur, quaedam imperfecta reliquit; alia levissimis versibus veluti fulsit: quos per iocum pro tigillis vel tibicinibus interponi a se dicebat, ad sustinendum opus, donec solidae columnae advenirent, dig. xv 3 3 § 8 sed etsi [servus]... insulam fulsisset, eaque ruisset, dicerem esse actionem de in rem verso. Paul. Diac. 366 м tibicines in aedificiis dici existimantur a similitu dine tibiis canentium, qui ut cantantes sustineant, ita illi

frigida rura.

num.

193-2031 FIRES IN ROME. FRIVOLA. GARRETS.

203

aedificiorum tecta. gloss. doxol. Arn. 11 69. 194 SIC by such crazy props or shores. LABENTIBUS the falling inmates. Sen. de ben. vi 15 § 7 quantum nobis praestat, qui labentem domum suscipit et agentem ex imo rimas insulam incredibili arte suspendit? certo tamen et levi pretio fultura conducitur. id. de ira III 35 § 5 hi nempe oculi, qui non ferunt nisi varium ac recenti cura nitens marmor,...aequissimo animo foris et scabras lutosasque semitas spectant et maiorem partem occurrentium squalidam, parietes insularum exesos rimosos inaequales. 195 VILICUS=insu

larius, one who lets lodgings in town Mart. xII 32 23-4 quid quaeris aedes vilicosque derides, | habitare gratis, o Vacerra, cum possis? K. FR. HERMANN. Sen. ep. 12 § 1. 197 INCENDIA 7 n. Sen. de ben. Iv 6 § 2 ingens tibi domicilium sine ullo incendii aut ruinae metu struxit. Serv. Aen. IV 653 ruinam incendia. Wilful arson in a town was a capital offence, sometimes punished by burning alive dig. XLVIII 19 28 § 12. 198 POSCIT AQUAM XIV 305 n. esp. DCass. there cited. cries Fire.' Quintil. decl. XII § 6 ut arma bello, ut aqua incendio inclamari publice solent. FRIVOLA V 59. gloss. σкevápia evтeλñ ñávu. 'lumber' dig. XIII 7 11 § 5 non enim credibile est, hoc convenisse, ut ad universam pensionem cellae frivola mea tenerentur. Suet. Ner. 11 in the representation of a play of Afranius incendium the players were allowed to keep the furniture of the burning house. 199 from Verg.

Aen. II 311 iam proximus ardet Ucalegon. Ucalegon is a Trojan in Hom. Il. I 148. Here a richer tenant who rents a lower storey of the high lodging-house (insula), the third storey of which, immediately below the tiling, is let to the poor client, who sleeps through all the confusion. Since there was great danger of fire in the insulae, the praefecti vigilum were charged dig. 1 15 3 § 4 ut curam adhibeant omnes inquilinos admonere, ne neglegentia aliqua incendii casus oriatur, praeterea ut aquam unusquisque inquilinus in cenaculo habeat. cf. a rescript of Severus and Antoninus ib. 4 insularios et eos, qui neglegenter ignes apud se habuerint, potes fustibus vel flagellis caedi iubere. 7 n. and Gell, there cited p. 172. x 106. I 117 7 scalis habito tribus sed altis.

TABULATA

TERTIA Mart.

201 225 n. 269 n. x 18 n.

the poor occupied the garrets (cenacula) in the insulae. Grang. sic nos Parisienses: Il demeure à la première chambre, auprès des tuilles.' Bibac. ap. Suet. gr. 11 quem tres cauliculi et selibra farris, | racemi duo tegula sub una ad summam prope nutriant senectam. ib. 9 docuitque [Orbilius] maiore fama quam emolumento. namque iam persenex pauperem se et habitare sub tegulis quodam scripto fatetur. Plaut. Amph. III 1 3. Plut. Sull. 1. Tertull. adv. Valent. 7 speaking of the Gnostic acons meritorium factus est mundus. insulam Feliculam (?) credas tanta tabulata caelorum...illic enim Valentinianorum deus ad summas tegulas habitat. 202 A PLUVIA Quintil. VI 3 § 64 Galba paenulam roganti, Non possum commodare, domi maneo;' cum cenaculum eius perplueret.

203-222 the poor man's house may burn, and no one will help him the rich man receives contributions which more than replace his losses. cf. Mart. v 18. 81. 203-5 cf. v 8-9. A simi

lar inventory of a poor man's effects Hor. s. 1 6 114-8 inde domum me |· ad porri et ciceris refero laganique catinum. | cena ministratur pueris tribus et lapis albus | pocula cum cyatho duo sustinet; adstat echinus vilis, cum patera gutus, Campana supellex.

CODRO pauperi 208.

PROCULA prob. a dwarf

204 ABACUS. CANTHARUS. OPICI MURES. [III 203-208

well known at Rome VIII 32—3. cf. the proverbial ш 251 'stronger than Corbulo.' XII 11 pinguior Hispulla. MINOR 'too short for.' xv 140 minor igne rogi. IV 66 privatis maiora focis. Hor. s. 11 3 310 corpore maiorem rides Turbonis in armis | spiritum et incessum. Obbar in Philologus v 563. Hor. ep. 1 17 40.

URCEOLI X 64 n.

204 ABACI Auson. epigr. 8 1-2 fama est fictilibus cenasse Agathoclea regem atque abacum Samio saepe onerasse luto. A slab on which, as on a sideboard, plate was exhibited. Cic. Verr. Iv § 35 ab hoc abaci vasa omnia, ut exposita fuerant, abstulit, cf. § 57: it was sometimes of silver (Petron. 73), or gold, but mostly of marble Cic. 1. 1. § 131 mensas Delphicas e marmore. Mart. x11 667 aurum atque argentum non simplex Delphica portat. These abaci were introduced into Rome after the triumph of Cn. Manlius, B.c. 187 Liv. XXXIX 6. L. Piso in Plin. xxxiv 14. Marquardt v (1) 327-8. (2) 225. NEC NON ET Ix 88. x 51 n. Cicero does not use nec non simply for et, but only when the non is separated from the nec, and joined strictly with some other word in the sentence. Varro r. r., the poets of the Augustan age and all writers of the silver age use nec non as Iuv. here does Hand Tursell. Iv 111 seq. Ramshorn p. 818. 205 CANTHARUS a large drinking-cup with tall stand (Ath. 488) and handles. Verg. ecl. vi 17 gravis attrita pendebat cantharus ansa. Marius was blamed for using this cup alone after his triumphs, as though he thereby emulated Bacchus, who in his triumph drank from a cantharus VM. II 6 § 6. Macrob. v 21 § 16. Plin. XXXIII § 150. Bacchus with the cantharus on vases Jahn Beschreibung der Vasensammlung k. Ludwigs p. xcix n. 721 and pl. 1 28. MARMORE the CHIRON a statue of the centaur Chiron, 206 IAM VETUS

abacus XI 122.

renowned as a musician )( 216—7. VIII 153 iam senis.

CISTA a basket now tumbling to pieces from age, serves for an armarium. Poll. x 61 κißwτia ɣраμμатоpópa. Plin. XVI § 209 levissimae ex his ficus et salix ideoque utilissimae. omnes autem ad cistas quaeque flexili crate constent habiles. Ov. m. 11 554 texta de vimine cista. Colum. XII 54. Marquardt v (2) 270. )( 219 libros et forulos. CARMINA i. e. the Graecos libellos.

207 DIVINA OPICI barbarous.

VI 455 opica e castigat amicae | verba. Auson. epist. Iv 99 opicae papyri. id. prof. XXII 3 exesas tineis opicasque evolvere chartas. Cat. ap. Plin. XXIX 7 (1) nos quoque dictitant [Graeci] barbaros, et spurcius nos quam alios opicos appellatione foedant, from which passage, as from Gell. II 21. x 16. x 9, it appears to have been a name of reproach applied to such as were ignorant of Greek, and so it is used here. So Fronto epist. ad M. Caes. II 6 p. 31 Naber, where M. Aurelius writes ego qui a Graeca litteratura tantum absum, quantum a terra Graecia mons Caelius meus abest.... igitur paene me opicum animantem ad Graecam scripturam perpulerunt. ib. 1 8 p. 24 epistulam matri tuae scripsi, quae mea impudentia est, graece. tu prior lege, et, si quis inerit barbarismus, tu qui a Graecis litteris recentior es, corrige... nolo enim me mater tua ut opicum contemnat. Lyd. de mens. I 13 ὀππικίζειν καὶ ὡς τὸ πλῆθος) ὀφφικίζειν τὸ βαρβαρίζειν Ἰταλοὶ Xéyovow. Strab. v p. 233 the Opicans were the same as the Oscans, and perhaps as the Ausonians, whose settlements were in Campania, and whose language was widely spread, and survived the nation. Schwegler 1 181 seq.

VIII 3 18 praetextam in cista adv. ind. 17.

RODEBANT MURES poet. ap. Quintil. mures rosere Camilli. Lucian 208-9 cf. St Matt. 13 12. Ter.