112-114]

FUSCUS. VEIENTO. CATULLUS.

235

opera procurationem adeptus susceptis Vespasiani partibus acerrimam bello facem praetulit. non tam praemiis periculorum, quam ipsis periculis laetus. ib. III 4. 12. 42. 66. IV 4 he was rewarded by Vespasian with the praetorian insignia. About 86 A. D. (Clinton fasti Rom. from Eusebius) the greatest of Domitian's wars (DCass. LXVII 6), that against the Dacians, broke out, and the final triumph was celebrated A. D. 91. This people, whom some had identified with the Getae (DCass. L 1), inhabited the modern Moldavia, Wallachia and in part Hungary. Under the heroic Decebalus [a common title of the Dacian kings Trebell. xxx tyr. 10; his personal name was Diurpaneus Oros. vII 10 from Tac. Dorpaneus Iornand. Get. 13] they threw themselves on the Roman bank of the Danube, ravaged Moesia and killed the Roman commander. Eutrop. VII 23 expeditiones [duas habuit Domitianus] adversum Dacos. de Dacis Cattisque duplicem triumphum egit . . . . . a Dacis Oppius Sabinus consularis et Cornelius Fuscus praefectus praetorio cum magnis exercitibus occisi sunt. cf. Suet. Dom. 6. Tac. Agric. 41. Trajan recovered A. D. 103 arms, captives, military engines and an eagle which had been taken from the army of Fuscus DCass. LXVIII 9. See further on this war, which was celebrated by the court poets, Merivale. Imhoff 5461. Tillemont Domitien art. 11. 12. Pauly Decebalus. Petr. Patric. exc. de legat. in corp. Byz. 1 122. DCass. LXVII 10. LXVIII 6. Plin. pan. 11. 12. Stat. s. III 3 118. 170 seq. Mart. epitaphium Fusci vi 76 ille sacri lateris custos Martisque togati, | credita cui summi castra fuere ducis, | hic situs est Fuscus. licet hoc, Fortuna, fateri, | non timet hostiles iam lapis iste minas. | grande iugum domita Dacus cervice recepit | et famulum victrix possidet umbra nemus. Tac. h. II 12. 112 schol. qualis ille bellator, qui in hac luxuria bellorum fortia meditabatur ! 113 MORTIFERO schol. delatore. cf. Plin. infr. VEIENTO 123. 129. ш 185. vi 113. A. Fabricius V., praetor A. D. 55, when he ran dogs instead of horses in the games DCass. LXI 6; banished from Italy A. D. 62 for libelling the sena tors and priests and for selling various offices Tac. XIV 50; consul under Domitian and delator AV. ep. 12. Plin. ep. IV 22 § 4 seq. idem [Mauricus] apud Nervam imperatorem non minus fortiter. cenabat Nerva cum paucis. Veiento proximus atque etiam in sinu recumbebat. omnia, cum hominem nominavi. incidit sermo de Catullo Messalino, qui luminibus orbatus ingenio saevo mala caecitatis addiderat: non verebatur, non erubescebat, non miserebatur; quo saepius a Domitiano non secus ac tela, quae et ipsa caeca et improvida feruntur, in optimum quemque contorquebatur. de huius nequitia sanguinariisque sententiis in commune omnes super cenam loquebantur, cum ipse imperator' quid putamus passurum fuisse, si viveret?' et Mauricus nobiscum cenaret.' he still sat in the senate A. D. 97 ib. IX 12 §§ 13. 19. 20.

6

dixi

CATULLO Plin. supr. Tac. Agr. 45 intra Albanam arcem sententia Messalini (i. e. Catulli) strepebat. L. Valerius Catullus Messalinus (so called in an inser. Borghesi oeuvres v 527. Frontin. aq. 102 Valerius Messalinus), son of Valerius Catullus (Suet. Cal. 36) and Statilia Tauri f. Messalina (Borghesi 1. c.), cos. ord. A.D. 73, a noted informer under Domitian (AV. ep. 12 § 5), was living A.D. 93 (Tac. 1. c.), but appears not to have survived Domitian Plin. 1. c. 114 QUI NUMQUAM VISAE FLAGRABAT AMORE PUELLAE Mart. VIII 49 formosam plane, sed caecus diligit Asper, | plus ergo, ut res est, quam videt Asper, amat. id. I 15 plus credit nemo, quam tota Codrus in urbe. | cum sit tam pau

236 BEGGARS ON THE ARICIAN BRIDGE. [IV 114-118

per, quomodo? caecus amat. Lucian. adv. ind. 2 'what are you the better for the possession of the best authors, who do not know their beauty, nor will ever enjoy it, οὐδὲν μᾶλλον ἢ τυφλὸς ἄν τις ἀπολαύσειε κάλλους παιδικών ; 116 DIRUS Iunius Gallio in M. Sen. contr. 33 § 8 p. 319 of beggars mutilated occurrunt nuptiis dira omina, sacris publicis tristia auspicia.

A PONTE XIV

134 n. Orelli cites inscr. in Morcelli op. epigr. 1 139 sodales aerarii a pulvinari. ib. II 112 Philomusus sagarius a theatro. Add Orelli inscr. 4097 iuvenes a fano Iovis Aginni Nitiobrigum. Hand I 19. Other bridges, beside that at Aricia, swarmed with beggars Sen. vit. beat. 25 §1 in sublicium pontem me transfer et inter egentes abige: non ideo tamen me despiciam, quod in illorum numerum consedero, qui manum ad stipem porrigunt. quid enim ad rem, an frustum panis desit, cui non deest mori posse? quid ergo est? domum illam splendidam malo quam pontem. ib. § 2 nihilo miserius ero, si lassa cervix mea in manipulo faeni [cf. 1 14] adquiescet. Mart. x 5 3-5 erret per urbem pontis exul et clivi | interque raucos ultimus rogatores | oret caninas panis improbi buccas. Still at Rome beggars haunt the hills and bridges. 117 ARICINOS Aricia, La Riccia, an ancient Latin town, on the Appian road (Hor. s. 1 5 1), 120 stadia from Rome (DH. vI 32. Philostr. Apollon. Iv 36 § 1. Strabo v p. 239 makes the distance 160 stadia) at the foot of the Alban mount. On the steep hill below the town beggars took their stand Pers. v1 55-6 accedo Bovillas clivumque ad Virbi, praesto est mihi Manius heres. schol. ib. Virbii clivus qua iter est ad Ariciam et ad nemus Dianae, ubi Virbius colitur, i.e. Hippolytus. Mart. 11 19 3-4 debet Aricino conviva recumbere clivo, quem tua felicem, Zoile, cena facit. ib. x 68 4. ib. XII 32 10 migrare clivum crederes Aricinum. On blind beggars see evang. Mar. x 46 where Wetstein quotes Mart. Iv 30 cited on 54. Quintil. decl. 1 § 6 p. 14 Burm. quid aliud caecitas discit, quam rogare, blandiri? DL. vI 56 Diogenes, when asked why men give to beggars, but not to philosophers, replied: because they think they may themselves one day become lame and blind, but philosophers never.' Sen. de clem. II 6 § 2 the wise man will give egenti stipem, non hanc contumeliosam, qua maior pars horum, qui se misericordes videri volunt, abicit et fastidit quos adiuvat contingique ab his timet, sed ut homo homini ex communi dabit. only he must not descend to compassion § 4 imbecilles oculos esse scias, qui ad alienam lippitudinem et ipsi suffunduntur. The practice of mutilating children to excite compassion was not unknown M. Sen. contr. 33 quidem expositos debilitabat et debilitatos mendicare cogebat. Cassius Severus ib. § 2 p. 316 11 hinc caeci innitentes baculis vagantur. 1. 18 produc, agedum, familiam semivivam tremulam debilem caecam. Gallus ib. § 3 p. 317 6 illi erutos oculos. Albucius Silus ib. 1. 11 'eruantur' inquit oculi illius.' Triarius ib. § 4 1. 20 surge tu caece: sed ad quorum eas genua nescis. Fulvius Sparsus ib. § 10 p. 319 25' tu' inquit qui oculos non habes, per oculos rogato.' etc. The blind were led by a dog Mart. xiv 81. O. Jahn über Darstellungen des Handwerks auf antiken Wandgemälden, Abhandl. d. sächs. Gesellsch. iv 288. cf. the legendary date obolum Belisario.

6

118 DEVEXAE as it goes down hill.

Vibius

IACTARET BASIA

REDAE Job 31 27. Tac. h. 1 36 nec deerat Otho protendens manus adorare vulgum, iacere oscula et omnia serviliter pro dominatione. Phaedr. v 7 28 iactat basia tibicen. so Tac. XVI 4 manu venerari. Suet. Claud. 12. Plin. xxvIII 5 in adorando dextram ad osculum referi

118-124] PEGMA. VELARIA. FANATICUS BELLONAE. 237

mus. Apul. met. Iv 28 Hild. inaccessae formositatis admiratione stupidi et admoventes auribus suis dexteram, primore digito in erectum pollicem residente, ut ipsam prorsus deam Venerem religiosis adorationibus adorabantur. id. apol. 56. Lucian de salt. 17. de sacrif. 12. Minuc. Oct. 2 fin. Hieron. in Osee c. 13 1 144a qui enim adorant, solent deosculari manum suam. Lips. elect, u 6. REDAE III 10 n.

119 RHOMBUM STUPUIT on the constr. cf. xIII 16. 164. Madvig § 223 c. on the sense Plin. ep. 1 14 § 7 plerique non audiunt, nec ulli magis laudant. 120 IN LAEVAM K. Fr. Hermann reads laevum cl. Ov. tr. 1 10 17 fleximus in laevum cursus. 121 CILICIS a gladiator of the time, as it would seem, so named from his country. cf. Threx and Syrus Hor. s. 11 6 44. 122 PEGMA XIV 265 n. Sen. ep. 88 § 22 machinatores, qui pegmata per se surgentia excogitant et tabulata tacite in sublime crescentia et alias ex inopinato varietates, aut dehiscentibus quae cohaerebant aut his quae distabant sponte sua coeuntibus aut his quae eminebant paullatim in se residentibus. his imperatorum feriuntur oculi. pegmata of four storeys were borne in the triumph of Titus Ios. b. I. vII 5 § 5. Prudent. peristeph. x 1016 seq. tabulis superne strata texunt pulpita | rimosa rari pegmatis compagibus, | scindunt subinde vel terebrant aream crebroque lignum perforant acumine, | pateat minutis ut frequens hiatibus. Mart. VIII 33 3. Strab. vi p. 273 the captain of a band of robbers was placed on a pageant representing Aetna, the scene of his depredations. The pageant was so constructed as suddenly to fall asunder, and precipitate him among wild beasts. This show Strabo saw in the forum. Burm. on Phaedr. 1. c. VELARIA seems not to occur elsewhere, and must denote the upper part of the theatre or amphitheatre over which the awnings (vela) were stretched Munro on Lucr. 173. Friedländer in Marquardt Iv 530. 559. RAPTOS Mart. spect. 16 1 raptus abit media quod ad aethera taurus harena. Probably Iuv. alludes to a pyrrhic dance, and the boys acted Cupids Friedländer 112 269. 327. Phaedr. v 7 6-8 of a fluteplayer is forte ludis, non satis memini quibus, | dum pegma rapitur, concidit casu gravi | nec opinans et sinistram fregit tibiam. Suet. Ner. 12 in the amphitheatre an Icarus fell, and bespattered Nero with his blood. done by Messalinus.

123 VEIENTO will not be out

UT FANATICUS OESTRO PERCUS

SUS BELLONA TUO VI 511-521 ecce furentis | Bellonae matrisque deum chorus intrat et ingens | semivir... grande sonat etc. The old name

Bellona was transferred to a goddess introduced, as it seems, at the time of the Mithradatic wars from Komana in Kappadokia (Plut. Sull. 9. Hirt b. Al. 66. Strab. xII p. 535), whose Kappadokian priests and priestesses, fanatici de aede Bellonae Pulvinensis (Orelli 2316-7. gloss. Bellonarii oi beopopoúμevol. Strab. ib. Geopóρntoɩ of Komana), formed a collegium, and marched through the city in black attire (Mart. XII 57 11): they cut with an axe their arms and thighs (Hor. s. 11 3 223. Lact. I 21 § 16. Sen. vit. beat. 26 § 8. Tert. ap. 9. de pall. 4. Minuc. Fel. Oct. 30. Lamprid. Comm. 9), shedding the blood as an offering, and prophesied to the sound of drums and trumpets. MARQUARDT IV 83-5. Preller röm. Myth. 734. Quintil. x1 3 § 71 iactare id [caput] et comas excutientem rotare fanaticum est. Hild. on Arnob. 1 24. With their practice of gashing themselves cf. that of the priests of Baal 1 Kings 18 28, and that of the modern dervishes. Max. Taur. serm. 96. s. II 7 3 docto pectora concitatus oestro. Tibull. 1 6 43 seq. sic magna sacerdos | est mihi divino vaticinata

OESTRO Stat. 124 DIVINAT

238

PRES. IND. PROMETHEUS.

[IV 124-137 sono. | haec ubi Bellonae motu est agitata, nec acrem | flammam, non amens verbera tota timet. | .... et canit eventus, quos dea magna monet. Luc. 1 560-1 tum quos sectis Bellona lacertis | saeva movet, cecinere deos. Julian consulted the goddess at a critical moment Ammian. xxi 5 § 1. 124-5 INGENS OMEN Plin. pan. 54 de ampliando numero gladiatorum aut de instituendo collegio fabrorum consulebamur et quasi prolatis imperii finibus nunc ingentes arcus excessurosque templorum fastigium titulos, nunc menses etiam nec hos singulos nomini Caesarum dicabamus. Mart. vIII 78. 126 TEMONE BRITANNO

schol. curru falcato. Tac. Agric. 12 quaedam nationes et curru proeliantur. honestior auriga. 127 ARVIRAGUS schol. Britannorum rex Arbila. no British captain of either name is recorded by any ancient writer. Later legends tell of an Arviragus converted by Joseph of Arimathaea; another is introduced into Shakspeare's Cymbeline. It was in the year 84, the fourth of Domitian, that Agricola was recalled from Britain, where the work of subjugation remained unfinished. PEREGRINA caught in the Adriatic 39.

128 SUDES properly stakes: here fins. Holyday 'the beast is foreign, and behaves himself rebelliously; lo, how he seems armed for resistance, rebel-like!' 129 FABRICIO 113.

130 QUIDNAM CENSES 136 sententia. Domitian in all form calls on his council of state for their opinion. Liv. 1 32 § 11 'dic' inquit ei, quem primum sententiam rogabat, quid censes?'

CONCIDITUR Madvig opusc. 11 40 seq. Latini cum semetipsos aut inter se interrogant, quid faciendum sit, saepe. quemadmodum nos [the Danes] et Germani in familiari sermone, tamquam de re, quae iam fiat, indicativo modo praesentis temporis utuntur; fere autem constanter id faciunt, cum aut de ea re quaerunt, quam se facturos non dubitent, aut de sententia et iudicio ita interrogant, ut non tam deliberent quam aut necessarium iudicium significent et non discrepans aut ex aliis quam sententiam se suscipere velint, quaerant. . . . . Prioris generis, exempla sunt Cic. ad Att. xIII 40 quid mihi auctor es? advolone an maneo? XVI 7 § 4 nunc quid respondemus? Ov. amor. 1 2 9 cedimus an subitum luctando accendimus ignem? Iuv. III 296 [and this passage]. Posterioris generis . . . secundam speciem... haec ostendunt Cic. Lael. § 24 stantes plaudebant in re ficta; quid arbitramur in vera facturos fuisse? id. n. d. 1 § 80. III § 75. Iuv. IV 28.' Plaut. Pseud. 722. most. 513. 605. 734. 774. 794. 937. Stich. 531. 603. Vulpi on Catull. 1 1. Luc. vI 731. VFl. v 637. VIII 65-6. Stat. Ach. II 43. Alkiphr. ep. 14. anth. Pal. ν 75 5-6 τί ποιοῦμεν ; | φεύγομεν ἢ μένομεν ; Fritzsche on Matt. 11 4 p. 66. Lehmann on Luc. pisc. 10 pr. 131 MONTANUS 107. 133 PROMETHEUS XIV 35 n. schol. satirice figulus. Mart. XIV 182 sigillum gibberi fictile' ebrius haec fecit terris, puto, monstra Prometheus, | Saturnalicio lusit et ipse luto. Lucian Prom. in verb. 2 καὶ αὐτοὶ δὲ ̓Αθηναῖοι τοὺς χυτρέας καὶ ἱπνοποιοὺς καὶ πάντας, ὅσοι πηλουργοί, Προμηθέας ἀπεκάλουν. Sympos. aenigm. 99 (lagona) mater erat tellus, genitor fuit ipse Prometheus. So a smith is Vulcanus x 132. cf. I 61 n. XIV 20. 134 a potter's wheel Pers. III 24. 136 VICIT

6

SENTENTIA 130 censes. Liv. 11 4 § 3 cum in senatu vicisset sententia quae censebat. NOVERAT Cort, on Luc. VI 498-9 saevorum 137 NOCTES NERONIS Tac. XVI 20

arcana magorum | noverat. ambigenti Neroni, quonam modo noctium suarum ingenia notesce

137-141] FALERNUM. ITALIAN AND BRITISH OYSTERS. 239

rent. ib. xv 37 above pp. 158-160. Suet. Ner. 27 epulas e medio die ad mediam noctem protrahebat. the roses alone cost one of Nero's hosts in one night more than 4,000,000 sesterces ibid. DCass. LXI 5 § 3. 8 § 1. 9 § 2 seq. LXII 15 §§ 3-6. 138 ALIAM

FAMEM schol. aviditas cibi sequitur nimiam perpotationem; perhaps the use of emetics is alluded to Suet. Vit. 13.

PULMO

FALERNO ARDERET Gell. XVII 11 Plutarchus [qu. conv. vII 1] et alii quidam docti viri reprehensum esse ab Erasistrato nobili medico Platonem scripsere, quod potum dixit [Tim. p. 70c] defluere ad pulmonem eoque satis umectato demanare per eum. . . errorisque istius fuisse Alcaeum ducem, qui in poematis suis scriberet τέγγε πνεύμονας οἴνῳ. Macrob. Sat. VII 15. Hippocr. de morbis IV II 374 K TOîow ovv doкéovσw ȧveрúтoιow τὸ ποτὸν ἐς τὸν πλεύμονα φέρεσθαι εναντιώσομαι. See Galen's discussion of the point, de Hippocr. et Plat. decr. vIII 9 v 713-718 K. FALERNO VI 150. 303. 430. ix 116. x 216 acre. ardens (Hor. c. II 11 19. Mart. Ix 73 5. XIV 113). Hor. c. 1 27 9 severum. Plin. h. n. XXIII 20 Surrentinum veteres maxime probavere, sequens aetas Albanum aut Falernum. id. XIV § 62 secunda nobilitas Falerno agro erat et ex eo maxime Faustiano. cultu culturaque id collegerat. exolescit hoc quoque ... Falernus ager a ponte Campano laeva petentibus Urbanam coloniam Sullanam nuper Capuae contributam incipit etc. First spoken of by Catull. 27 1. Varr. r. r. 1 2 § 65. Cic. Brut. § 287 and in Macrob. Sat. II 3 § 2. The ager Falernus lay to the east of mons Massicus, in the north-west of Campania Liv. xxII 14. Becker Gallus 1113 307-8. Marquardt v 2 54—5. 61-2. 74. C. F. Weber diss. de vino Falerno Marb. 1856. 4to.

139 NULLI MAIOR FUIT USUS EDENDI Claud. in Eutr. 11 327-8 lascivique senes, quibus est insignis edendi | gloria.

140 CIRCEIS NATA FORENT OSTREA Hor. s. II 4 33 ostrea Circeis, Miseno oriuntur echini. Plin. xxxII §§ 60. 62 variantur coloribus [ostrea], rufa Hispaniae, fusca Illyrico, nigra et carne et testa Circeis... sunt ergo Muciani verba, quae subiciam: Cyzicena... candidiora Circeiensibus. sed his [Circeiensibus] neque dulciora neque teneriora ulla esse compertum est. Circeii was founded by Tarquinius Superbus Liv. 1 56, on the promontory Circaeum, 100 stad. s. w. of Terracina Strab. v p. 233. On the irregular order of words in 140-1 see 79 n.

141 LUCRINUM Plin. h. n. 1x § 168 ostrearum vivaria primus omnium Sergius Orata invenit in Baiano, aetate L. Crassi oratoris ante Marsicum bellum [B. c. 90—88]... is primus optimum saporem ostreis Lucrinis adiudicavit... nondum Britannica serviebant litora, cum Orata Lucrina nobilitabat. From Pliny Macrob. Sat. III 15=11 11 has borrowed. cf. VM. Ix 1 § 1. Hor. epod. 2 49. Sen. ep. 78 § 23. Mart. III 60 3. v 37 3. vI 11 5. XII 48 4. XIII 82. 90. Strabo says of the lake v p. 245 ἐνορμίσασθαι μὲν ἄχρηστος, τῶν ὀστρέων δὲ θήραν ἔχων ἀφθονωτάτην. Petron. 119 34. Marquardt v 2 53. Becker Gallus 1113 239. The Lucrine lake, which stretched for eight stadia north-east from Baiae, is now united with the bay of Naples, and bears the name of Gulf of Puzzuoli.

RUTUPINO Mucianus in Plin. xXXII § 62 Cyzicena [ostrea] ... dulciora Britannicis. id. xIx § 52 ostrearum genera naufragio exquiri. Bed. h. e. 1 1 Rutubi portus, a gente Anglorum nunc corrupte Reptacaestir vocata. Oros. 1 2. The ordinary route to England was from Bononia (Boulogne) to Rutupiae (Richborough) on the opposite coast Ammian. xx 1 § 3. xxvII 8 § 6. Recent excavations have brought to light the remains of many Roman buildings at Richborough. The lofty and massive walls of its citadel are almost entire Edinb rev. July 1851, 195 seq.