174-1771 MUSIC-MASTERS. ARS THEODORI. 315 gitio as opposed to the extraordinary congiarium) of corn to the poorer citizens, cf. Suet. Aug. 40 ne plebs frumentationum causa frequentius a negotiis avocaretur, ter in annum quaternum mensium tesseras dare destinavit: sed desideranti consuetudinem veterem concessit rursus ut sui cuiusque mensis acciperet. The number of recipients was limited, vacancies being filled up by the praetor id. Caes. 41. The tessera is sold by one whose name is on the list, to our rhetorician who, probably as not being a citizen (most of the rhetoricians being Greeks), has no title to the privilege. The attraction of these largesses drew the country population to Rome App. b. c. II 120. Augustus ordered that if the monthly distribution fell on a sabbath, the Jews should receive their share on the following day Philo leg. ad Gaium 23 11 569 M. Nero used to fling among the populace tickets for costly food, slaves, horses, gold, silver, clothing etc. to be scrambled for DCass. LXI 18. Hirschfeld Verwaltungsgesch. 1 132. 175 seq. TEMPTA make but a trial of the gains of music-masters, and you will tear up your Elements of Rhetoric;' i.e. will abandon the schools of declamation for a more lucrative profession. On the constr. tempta, scindes see 1 155 n. 176 CHRYSOGONUS VI 74 Chrysogonum cantare vetent. POLIO ib. 385 seq. quaedam de numero Lamiarum ac nominis Appi | et farre et vino Ianum Vestamque rogabat, | an Capitolinam deberet Polio quer cum sperare et fidibus promittere. Mart. Iv 61 9. v 56 3 seq. cited 6 n., where a father is advised to bring up his son to the profession of a choraules or citharoedus rather than that of a rhetor or grammaticus. So again, when he had left Rome, and is pressed to return, he replies III 4 7-8 poeta | exierat: veniet, cum citharoedus erit. Vespasian assigned to rhetoricians a yearly stipend of 100 sestertia infr. 186 n., while he presented Terpnus and Diodorus the citharoedi with twice the amount for their services on a single occasion Suet. 19. 177 LAUTORUM III 221 n. ARTEM an elementary work (téxvn) vi 452 repetit volvitque Palaemonis artem, i.e. Palaemon's Elements of Grammar. Cic. fin. III § 4. ib. IV § 5 non solum praecepta in artibus, sed etiam exempla in orationibus bene dicendi reliquerunt. ib. § 7 quamquam scripsit artem rhetoricam Cleanthes. id. de invent. 1 § 8 neque eo dico, quod eius ars quam edidit, mihi mendosissime scripta videatur: nam satis in ea videtur ex antiquis artibus ingeniose et diligenter electas res collocasse. ib. II § 7. Quintil. 11 13 § 1. 15 § 4. Censorin. 1 § 6. The authors were called artis scriptores, artis latores, artium traditores, technici and in later times artigraphi Gräfenh. Gesch. d. Philol. Iv 96. Du Cange artigraphus. Freund ars. Voss. de arte gram. I c. 4. SCINDES Mart. Ix 73 9 scinde, Thalia, libellos. THEODORI mentioned by Quintil. among the composers of artes on rhetoric III 1 § 17 seq. Theodorus Gadareus [Strab. xv1 759], qui se dici maluit Rhodium; quem studiose audisse, cum in eam insulam secessisset, dicitur Tiberius Caesar. hi [Apollodorus et Theod.] diversas opiniones tradiderunt, appellatique inde Apollodorei et Theodorei ad morem certas in philosophia sectas sequendi. M. Sen. suas. 3 § 7 p. 21 28 Tiberius ipse Theodoreus. Suet. Tib. 57. On the rival schools of Apoll. and Th. see M. Sen. contr. 9 § 36 p. 131. Strab. XIII 625. Quintil. 11 11 § 2. III 3 § 8. 11 § 27. IV 2 § 32. ib. 11 15 § 21 his definition of rhetoric cited from a Latin translation. cf. III 6 §§ 2. 36. 51. 11 § 3. Iv 1 § 23. v 13 § 59. DChr. 18 1 238 D. There was an earlier Theodorus of Byzantium, rival of Lysias Cic. Brut. § 48 Lysiam primo profiteri solitum artem esse dicendi; deinde, quod Theodorus 316 PORTICUS. GESTATIO. CENATIO. [VII 177-183 esset in arte subtilior, in orationibus autem ieiunior, orationes eum scribere aliis coepisse, artem removisse. DL. II 104. Suid. Plat. Phaedr. 261. 266 who calls him Xoyodaídaλov, and cites some of his technical terms. cf. Arist. rhet. III 13 § 5, who cites his Téxη 11 23 § 28. I 11 § 6. DH. Isae. 19. Quintil. III 1 § 11. 178 BALNEA Sen. ep. 86 e. g. § 7 quid cum ad balnea libertinorum pervenero? quantum statuarum, quantum columnarum est nihil sustinentium, sed in ornamentum positarum impensae causa. . . . eo deliciarum pervenimus, ut nisi gemmas calcare nolimus. SESCENTIS milibus mummum emuntur; about £4800. Gellius XIX 10 §§ 1-4 once paid a visit to Fronto and found him surrounded with architects and plans of baths; that selected was to cost about 350,000 sesterces. PORTICUS etc. IV 6 quantis iumenta fatiget | porticibus. vI 60. 163. XII 101. XIV 66. Mart. 1 12 5 seq. hic rudis aestivas praestabat porticus umbras, heu quam paene novum porticus ausa nefas! | nam subito collapsa ruit, cum mole sub illa gestatus biiugis Regulus esset equis. Plin. ep. v 17 § 4 porticus in D litterae similitudine circumactae... egregium hae adversum tempestates receptaculum: nam specularibus ac multo magis imminentibus tectis muniuntur. Mart. XII 50 3. Sidon. xxII 204--6. 179 is he to wait for a glimpse of sunshine, and then take an airing before the streets are dry? No: let him drive about under cover, where there is no fear of splashing the mules. GESTETUR Sen. de ben. I 16 § 3 non sufficit dies omnibus [adulteris], nisi apud alium gestata est, apud alium mansit. id. brev. vit. 12 § 6 ne illos quidem inter otiosos numeraveris, qui sella [gestatoria] se et lectica huc et illuc ferunt et ad gestationum suarum, quasi illas deserere non liceat, horas occurrunt. id. ep. 15 § 6 gestatio et corpus concutit et studio non obficit: possis legere, possis dictare. 29 § 6 the philosopher Aristo in gestatione disserebat. 55 §§ 1-2. 104 § 18. 122 §§ 9. 15. Cels. II 15 is headed de gestatione. Mart. xII 17 § 3. Claudius Suet. 33 solitus etiam in gestatione ludere [at dice], ita esse do alveoque adaptatis, ne lusus confunderetur. SERENUM XIII 228. Friedländer 13 54 this drive is not in the streets of Rome, for that was forbidden in the daytime. 181 MULAE Plaut. asin. 490-1 ego faxim muli, pretio qui superant equos, | sint viliores Gallicis cantheriis. Mart. III 62 6 quod pluris mula est, quam domus empta tibi. On mules in Greece see Hermann Privatalterth. §§ 15 8. 16 13. 51 4. 11. The most prized Petron. 38 was ex onagro nata. 182 NUMIDARUM XIV 89 n. A yellow marble Marquardt v 2 222. Plin. xxxvi § 49 M. Lepidus, Q. Catuli in consulatu collega [B. c. 78], primus omnium limina ex Numidico marmore in domo posuit magna reprensione . . . hoc primum invecti marmoris vestigium invenio, non in columnis tamen crustisve. Cic. p. red. in sen. § 14. Hor. c. II 18 4. 183 ALGENTEM the room looked toward the south, so as to catch the mid-day sun in winter, which would be excluded by shutters in summer, or another room used. Varr. r. r. 1 13 § 7 laborant, ut spectent sua aestiva tricliniaria ad frigus orien tis, hiberna ad solem occidentem. CENATIO Sen. ep. 90 § 15 versatilia cenationum laquearia ita coagmentat, ut subinde alia facies atque alia succedat, et totiens tecta quotiens fercula mutentur. id. de prov. 489 cenationes subditus et parietibus circumfusus calor temperavit. id. ep. 115 § 8 nos ingentium maculae columnarum [delectant], sive ex Aegyptiis harenis sive ex Africae [cf, Numidarum 182] solitudinibus ad 183-188] COOKS EARN MORE THAN QUINTILIAN. 317 vectae, porticum aliquam vel capacem populi cenationem ferunt. Suet. Ner. 31. Sidon. c. xxII 207 alta volubilibus patet hinc cenatio valvis. With the meaning cf. aratio' tilth.' 184 seq. cf. 74 seq. however expensive the house may have been, money will be forthcoming for the purchase of a structor (v 120 n.) and a cook; but not for the education of a son. QUANTICUMQUE DOMUS dig. XXXII 30 § 6 quanti aedes sint. VENIET QUI VIII 49-50. FERCULA I 94 n. Marquardt v 1 329. 185 COMPONAT Petron. 35. Plin. xxxIII § 140. Marquardt v 1 329. PULMENTARIA properly ovov, anything eaten with bread. Sen. ep. 87 § 3 [caricae], si panem habeo, pro pulmentario sunt: si non, pro pane. Hor. s. 11 2 20. Hence, like dúvia, the word means 'dainties' Pers. III 102. CONDIT Lachmann's conjecture condiat is not necessary cf. Ix 145-6 sit mihi... caelator et alter | qui multas facies pingit cito. XI 130---1 v. 1. comparet... despicit. On the price of cooks cf. Plin. cited iv 26 n. who continues Ix § 67 nullusque prope iam mortalis aestimatur pluris, quam qui peritissime censum domini mergit. Sall. Iug. LXXXV § 39. Liv. xxxix 6. Petron. 38. Gell. x1 2. Varro ib. xv 9 § 2 si, quantum operae sumpsisti ut tuus pistor bonum faceret panem, eius duodecimam philosophiae dedisses, ipse bonus iampridem esses factus. nunc illum qui norunt volunt emere milibus centum, te qui novit nemo centussis. Scribon. Largus pr. ad Callistum sunt quidam, qui pluris omnia, quam seipsos, aestimant. Cic. p. Rosc. Am. § 134. On the incomes of rhetoricians cf. 158 n. Krates in DL. vI 86 тile μаɣeiрw μvâs déк', ἰατρῷ δραχμήν, | κόλακι τάλαντα πέντε, συμβούλῳ καπνόν, | πόρνῃ τάλανTov, piλocópw Towßolov. Suet. Vesp. 18 ingenia et artes vel maxime fovit; primus e fisco Latinis Graecisque rhetoribus annua centena constituit. Gräfenh. Gesch. d. Philol. Iv 32. Sidon. ep. v 7 hi sunt, qui invident... mercedes instituentibus, see Savaro p. 334. 186 QUINTILIANO VI 75. 280. The author of the institutio oratoria: he enjoyed during his lifetime the high reputation which his work deserves. Plin. ep. II 14 § 9 Quintiliano praeceptore meo. ib. vI 6 § 3. Mart. II 90 1-2 Quintiliane, vagae moderator summe iuventae, gloria Romanae, Quintiliane, togae. Auson. grat. act. p. 712 Toll. Quintilianus consularia per Clementem ornamenta sortitus [this is probably alluded to in 197-8], honestamenta nominis potius videtur, quam insignia potestatis habuisse. 187 UT MULTUM Mart. x 11 5—6 donavi tamen, inquis, amico milia quinque | et totam, ut multum, terque quaterque togam. SUFFICIENT in the father's opinion. RES etc. XIV 59 seq. Plut. de educ. puer. 7. e. g. p. 4f Aristippus demanded a thousand drachmae of a father for the education of his son: τοῦ δέ, “Ηράκλεις ̓ εἰπόντος “ ὡς ὑπέρπολυ τὸ αἴτημα· δύναμαι γὰρ ἀνδράποδον χιλίων πρίασθαι. · τοιγαροῦν' εἶπε δύο ἕξεις ἀνδράποδα, καὶ τὸν υἱὸν καὶ ὃν ἂν πρίῃ. Plat. Kleitoph. p. 407. Contrast the conduct of Horace's father s. 1 6 71 seq. Plin. h. n. VII § 128 says that the highest price known to him ever paid for a slave was 700,000 sesterces for a grammarian. ་ 188 seq. whence then (if his profession is so little remunerative) has Qu. so many estates? He is a lucky man; and your lucky man (like the Stoic sage Hor. s. 1 3 124 seq. id. ep. 1 1 106 seq. sapiens uno minor est Love, dives, liber, honoratus, pulcher, rex denique regum, | praecipue 318 SHOES OF SENATORS. LUNA. [VII 188-194 sanus, nisi cum pituita molesta est) is handsome and able, wise and noble etc. 189 SALTUS see Forcellini or Freund s. v. 190 TRANSI pass by, do not take into account, instances of rare good fortune, such as Quintilian's III 114 n. Cic. fam. VIII 11 § 3 quae digna sunt, selige; multa transi. Quintil. x 1 § 56 n. 191 seq. the lucky man, as both wise and noble and high-born, sews, etc. 192 Rein in Pauly v p. 1234. Becker's Gallus III 168-170. Marquardt v 2 191-3. Down to 300 A.D. classes were distinguished by their clothing, and in particular by their shoes. The mulleus was a shoe with high sole like the cothurnus, which ran some way up the leg behind, where it was furnished with hooks (malleoli), to which the shoestrings were fastened. It is sometimes called calceus patricius. Festus p. 142 M. mulleos genus calceorum aiunt esse, quibus reges Albanorum primi deinde patricii sunt usi. M. Cato originum li. vII: qui magistratum curulem cepisset (calceos) mulleos allutaciniatos' [aluta laciniatos Müller]. They were of a red colour (mullus being the red mullet) Plin. h. n. ix § 65. Zonar. vII 4. The upstart in Mart. seems to have usurped this distinction also 11 29 7-8 non hesterna sedet lunata lingula planta, | coccina non laesum cingit aluta pedem. corp. inser. I p. 290 n. XXXIII. DCass. XLIII 43. They were afterwards a part of the triumphal, and finally of the consular uniform. Calcei patricii (Orelli inscr. 543) or senators' shoes came higher up the leg than ordinary calcei (Hor. s. 1 6 27 nigris medium impediit crus | pellibus. Acron. ad 1. altiores sunt calcei senatorum. Lyd. de mag. i 17. schol. Iuv. I 111. Apul. fl. 18 ex innumeris hominibus pauci senatores, ex senatoribus pauci nobili genere. . . . sed ut loquar de solo honore, non licet insignia eius vestitu vel calceatu temere usurpare. edict. Dioclet. Ix 6-8) and were fastened by four thongs (corrigiae Sen. de tranq. an. 11 § 9 quae dignitas, cuius non praetextam.. et lora patricia sordes comitentur?) and bore in front a crescent Isidor. xix 34 4. Mart. 1 49 31 lunata nusquam pellis. Stat. s. v 2. 27-28 sic te, clare puer, genitum sibi curia sensit | primaque patricia clausit vestigia luna. Plut. qu. Rom. 76 διὰ τί τὰς ἐν τοῖς ὑποδήμασι σεληνίδας οἱ διαφέρειν δοκοῦντες εὐγενείᾳ φοροῦσιν; Herodes Atticus said to one Bradua (who was εὐδοκιμώτατος . . . ἐν τοῖς ὑπάτοις καὶ τὸ ξύμβολον τῆς εὐγενείας περιηρτημένος τῷ ὑποδήματι· τοῦτο δ' ἐστὶν ἐπισφύριον ἐλεφάντινον μηνοειδές) Philostr. soph. II 1 § 18 ‘Tǹv evyévelav év Toîs Åσтpayáλois ëxeis.' Marcell. in Brunck anal. 11 302 seq. ver. 23 seq. also in corp. inscr. 6280 B 27--29 αὐτὰρ ὁ ἀστερόεντα περὶ σφυρὰ παιδὶ πέδιλα | δώκεν ἔχειν . . . ὁ δὲ οἱ περὶ ποσσὶ σαωτὴρ | παμφανόων ἐνέκειτο σεληναίης κύκλος αἴγλης· | τὸν δὲ καὶ Αἰνεάδαι ποτ' ἐνερράψαντο πεδίλῳ, | σύμβο λον Αυσονίοισιν εὐγενέεσσι γεραιόν. LUNAM called the Roman kappa by Suid. xλauús and Ioann. Antioch. in Müller 30 fallax scuticam praetexit aluta. XII 26 9. Ov. a. a. III 271. vñóônua etc. denotes the fastening upon the ALUTAE XIV 282 n. Mart. Hor. supr. Mart. The crescent was attached to the front of the 193 IACULATOR the lucky man is sports of the Campus Martius than in the 194 SI PERFRIXIT he sings 194-199] DE RHETORE CONSUL. VENTIDIUS. 319 most sweetly, especially if he chances to be hoarse with a cold. PERFRIXIT Mart. III 18 perfrixisse tuas questa est praefatio fauces, cum te excusaris, Maxime, quid recitas? ['P must have had at first perfricxit: comp. Lucr. III 1044 restincxit." H. A. J. M.] DISTAT impersonal as in Hor. ep. 1 17 44 etc. 195 SIDERA 200 n. EXCIPIANT XVI 3. 196 VAGITUS Stat. s. II 7 37. Varro in Gell. xvi 17 pueri, simulatque parti sunt, eam primam vocem edunt, quae prima in Vaticano syllaba est: idcircoque vagire dicitur, exprimente verbo sonum vocis recentis (hence we learn that the Romans pronounced v more as our w). A MATRE Colum. VIII 541. 5 $9 a matre pulli non exiguis pretiis veneunt. VFl. vII 621 of the earth-born slain by Iason aut primas a matre manus premit obvius ante. Hand Turs. I 20. RUBENTEM Iul. Capitol. Albin. 4 exceptus utero, quod contra consuetudinem puerorum qui nascuntur et solent rubere esset candidissimus, Albinus est dictus. Artemid. 1 14 fin. διὰ τὸ ἀφ' αἵματος τὸ βρέφος ἀποβεβλῆσθαι. cod. VIII 51 de his qui sanguinolentos nutriendos acceperunt. IV 42 § 2. Gul. Brito Philipp. VII 197-8 III 39-40. Plin. ep. Iv 11 §§ 1-2 Corte nunc eo decidit, ut exsul de senatore, rhetor de oratore fieret. itaque ipse in praefatione dixit dolenter et graviter: 'quos tibi, Fortuna, ludos facis? facis enim ex professoribus senatores, ex senatoribus professores.' Lucian Nigrin. 20. Suet. rhet. 1 adeoque floruit [rhetoric] ut nonnulli ex infima fortuna in ordinem senatorium, atque ad summos honores processerint. Ov. trist. III 11 67-8. Lucian rhet. pr. 2 consider how many who once were nothing ἔνδοξοι καὶ πλούσιοι καὶ νὴ Δί' εὐγενέστατοι ἔδοξαν ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων. Ammian. XIV 11 § 30 haec Fortuna mutabilis et inconstans fecit Agathoclen Siculum ex figulo regem et Dionysium gentium quondam terrorem Corinthi litterario ludo praefecit. Pertinax once kept a grammar school. Eugenius, who was set up by Arbogastes A.D. 392 as emperor of the west was a rhetorician. Ausonius, also a professor of rhetoric, was made consul by his pupil Gratian. See also Philostr. soph. II 32 of the sport of Fortune with Heliodorus. Tac. an. 1 74 of informers ex pauperibus divites, ex contemptis metuendi. So the bar was a frequent avenue to power ib. 111 75 Capito Ateius... principem in civitate locum studiis civilibus adsecutus, sed avo centurione Sullano, patre praetorio. cf. Iuv. vIII 47 n. Friedländer 13 115 n. 2. 272. 197 DE V 25 n. Gronov. obs. IV 20 pp. 498-9 Fr. Grimm clav. N. T. 129 a fin. 199 VENTIDIUS XI 22. Gell. xv 4 in sermonibus nuper fuit seniorum hominum et eruditorum, multos in vetere memoria altissimum dignitatis gradum ascendisse ignobilissimos prius homines et despicatissimos. nihil adeo de quoquam tantae admirationi fuit, quantae fuerunt, quae de Ventidio Basso scriptae sunt: eum Picentem fuisse, genere et loco humili; et matrem eius a Pompeio Strabone, Pompeii Magni patre, bello sociali. ... captam cum ipso esse [cf. captivis 201]; ... post, cum adolevisset, victum sibi aegre quaesisse eumque sordide invenisse comparandis mulis. Planc. ap. Cic. fam. x 18 Ventidii mulionis castra despicio. Gell. ib. he became known to Caesar, was appointed tr. pl., praetor and in the same year (43 B. c.) consul; on which a lampoon was posted about the city: concurrite omnes augures, haruspices. | portentum inusitatum conflatum est recens; nam mulos qui fricabat consul factus est. eundem Bassum Suetonius Tranquillus praepositum esse a M. Antonio provinciis |