and beams of divers kinds, because the merits of the Saints are of divers kinds also, as shall be said below. Whatever the Jewish Church received by the Law, that doth the Christian Church receive, and with large increase, by grace, from CHRIST Whose Bride She is. The setting up of an oratory, or church, is not new. For the LORD

commanded Moses in Mount Sinai, that he should make a tabernacle of curiously wrought materials. This was divided by a veil into two parts: the outer, called the Holy Place, where the people attended the sacrifices: the inner, the Holy of Holies, where the Priests and Levites ministered before the Lord: (see the preface to the fourth Book and also Appendix A.)

5. This tabernacle having decayed through age, the LORD commanded that a temple should be built, which Solomon accomplished with wonderful skill: this also had two parts, like the tabernacle. From both of these, namely, from the Tabernacle and the Temple, doth our material church take its form. In its outer portion, the laity offer their prayers, and hear the word. In the Sanctuary, the clergy pray, preach, offer praises and prayers.

6. The Tabernacle, built as it was amidst the journeyings of the Israelites, is sometimes taken as a type of the world which PASSETH AWAY, AND THE LUST THEREOF.11 Whence it was formed with curtains of four colours, as the world is composed of four elements. GOD, said the Prophet, Is IN HIS TABERNACLE: 12 GOD is in this world, as in a temple dyed scarlet by the Blood of CHRIST. The tabernacle is, however, more especially symbolical of the Church Militant, which hath HERE NO CONTINUING CITY, BUT SEEKETH ONE TO COME. 13 Therefore is it called a tabernacle,

11 1 S. JOHN ii, 17. 12 PSALM (xi,) In Domino confido, 4. 13 HEBREWS xiii, 14.

for tabernacles or tents belong to soldiers: and this saying, GOD is in His Tabernacle, meaneth, GOD is among the Faithful collected together in His Name. The outer part of the Tabernacle, where the people sacrificed, is the active life, wherein men give themselves up to the love of their neighbour the interior, wherein the Levites ministered, is the contemplative life, where a band of religious men devote themselves to the love and contemplation of GOD. The Tabernacle gave place to the Temple: because after the warfare cometh the triumph.

7. Now a church is to be built on this fashion. The foundation being prepared, according to that saying, Ir FELL NOT, FOR IT WAS FOUNDED UPON A ROCK, 14 the Bishop, or a Priest 15 as the Bishop's deputy, must sprinkle it with holy water, to banish the foul forms of evil spirits, and lay the first stone, whereon a Cross must be engraved.16

8. The foundation must be so contrived, as that the Head of the Church may point due East: (see Appendix B ;) that is, to that point of the heavens, wherein the sun ariseth at the equinoxes; to signify, that the Church Militant must17 behave Herself with modera

14 S. MATTHEW vii, 25. In general illustration of the foregoing sections, the reader is referred to the first chapter of the Eighth Book of Bingham's Antiquities.

15 In the Account of the Dedication of S. Michael the Archangel, in the Isle of Guernsey, preserved in the Black Book of the Bishop of Coutances, it appears that the ceremony was performed by a Priest: though it is believed that such has seldom been the case in the Anglican Church. But see on chapter vi, section 2.

16 A Cross was not only inscribed on the foundation stone, but a Cross was placed where the Church was to be: and this in the Eastern Church where the Stauropegia was a ceremony of much importance.

17 This passage is valuable as proving that in the country of our Bishop nothing was known of a practice undoubtedly prevalent in England; the direction of a church to that part of the sky in which the sun arose on the Feast of the Patron Saint.

18

tion, both in prosperity and adversity and not towards that point where the sun ariseth at the solstices, which is the practice of some. But if the walls of Jerusalem, WHICH IS BUILT AS A CITY THAT IS AT UNITY WITH ITSELF,1 were, by the Prophet's command, raised by the Jews, with how much greater zeal should we raise the walls of our churches! For the material church, wherein the people assemble to set forth God's holy praise, symboliseth that Holy Church which is built in Heaven of living stones.

9. This is that House of the LORD, built with all strength, UPON THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE APOSTLES AND PROPHETS, JESUS CHRIST HIMSELF BEING THE CHIEF CORNER STONE.19 HER 20 HOLY MOUNTAINS.21

FOUNDATIONS ARE IN THE

The walls built upon these are the Jews and Gentiles; who come from the four parts of the world unto CHRIST, and who have believed, believe, or shall believe on HIM.

The Faithful predestinated to eternal life, are the stones in the structure of this wall which shall continually be built up unto the world's end. And one stone is added to another, when masters in the Church teach and confirm and strengthen those who are put under them: and whosoever in Holy Church undertaketh painful labours from brotherly love, he as it were beareth up the weight of stones which have been placed above him. Those stones which are of larger size, and polished, or squared, and placed on the outside and at the angles of the building, are men of holier life than others, who by their merits and prayers retain weaker brethren in Holy Church.

10. The cement, without which there can be no stability of the walls, is made of lime, sand, and water. The lime

18 PSALM (cxxii,) Lætatus sum, 3.

19 EPHE. ii, 20.

20 PSALM (lxxxvii,) Fundamenta ejus, 1. 21 EXODUS xxv. 2.

is fervent charity, which joineth to itself the sand, that is, undertakings for the temporal welfare of our brethren : because true charity taketh care of the widow and the aged, and the infant, and the infirm: and they who have it study to work with their hands, that they may possess wherewith to benefit them. Now the lime and the sand are bound together in the wall by an admixture of water. But water is an emblem of the SPIRIT. And as without cement the stones cannot cohere, so neither can men be built up in the heavenly Jerusalem without charity, which the HOLY GHOST worketh in them. All the stones are polished and squared, —that is, holy and pure, aud are built by the hands of the Great Workman into an abiding place in the Church: whereof some are borne, and bear nothing, as the weaker members: some are both borne and bear, as those of moderate strength and some bear, and are borne of none save CHRIST, the Corner Stone, as they that are perfect. All are bound together by one spirit of charity, as though fastened with cement; and those living stones are knit together in the bond of peace. CHRIST was our wall in His conversation: and our outer wall in His Passion.

11. When the Jews were rebuilding the walls of Jerusalem, their enemies strove hard to let the works: so that THEY BUILT WITH ONE HAND, AND HELD THEIR WEAPONS OF WAR IN THE OTHER. And round us too do enemies gather, while we are building the walls of our Church: our own sins, or ungodly men, willing to hinder our success. Whence, while we build our walls, that is, while we add virtue to virtue, we must fight with the enemy, and grasp our weapons firmly: we must TAKE THE HELMET of salVATION, THE SHIELD OF FAITH, THE BREASTPLATE OF RIGHTEOUSNESS: AND FOR OUR SWORD THE WORD OF

GOD,22 that we may defend ourselves against them: and 22 EPHES. vi, 16, 17.

GOD's Priest shall be unto us in CHRIST's stead, to teach us by his lessons, and defend us by his prayers.

12. Furthermore, of what the tabernacle was made the LORD hath told us, saying unto Moses, TAKE THE firstFRUITS, that is, the most precious gifts-OF THE CHILDREN OF ISRAEL: BUT FROM HIM ALONE WHO WILLINGLY OFFERETH GOLD, AND SILVER, AND BRASS, AND PRECIOUS STONES, AND PURPLE, and lineN TWICE DYED; namely cloth of the colours of blue, purple and scarlet: and of biss, which is a kind of Egyptian linen white and soft: AND GOAT'S HAIR, AND RAMS' SKINS DYED RED, which we call Parthian, because the Parthians first dyed them thus, AND PURPLE SKINS, AND SHITTIM WOOD, (shittim is the name of a mountain, and also of a tree its leaves are like the white thorn, and to be injured neither by fire nor by decay:) AND OIL FOR THE LIGHTS, FRANKINCENSE, AND OINTMENT OF A SWEET SAVOUR, ONYX STONES, AND SARD-ONYXES, AND JEWELS : AND LET THEM MAKE ME A HOUSE,

THAT I MAY DWELL IN THE MIDST OF THEM: AND THAT THEY MAY NOT WEARY THEMSELVES IN RETURNING TO THIS MOUNTAIN.

14. The arrangement of a material church resembleth that of the human body: the Chancel, or place where the Altar is, representeth the head: the Transepts, the hands and arms, and the remainder,-towards the west, the rest of the body. The sacrifice of the Altar denoteth the vows of the heart. Furthermore, according to Richard de Sancto Victore, the arrangement of a church typifieth the three states in the Church: of virgins, of the continent, of the married. The Sanctuary 23 is smaller than the

23 The Sanctuary of course means that easternmost division in churches consisting of three parts, which still remains in many Norman buildings, and of which Kilpeck, in Herefordshire, may be taken