THE NEW OUTLOOK

BY HENRY HOYT MOORE

MANAGER ILLUSTRATION AND PRINTING DEPARTMENTS OF THE OUTLOOK

Mr. Moore has been for many years connected with The Outlook in various capacities. Entering the service of this journal more than a quarter of a century ago as apprentice-boy in its composing-room, he has successively served it as journeyman, as expert proof-reader, and finally as superintendent of printing and as manager of the illustration department. On the literary side of the paper Mr. Moore has been a frequent contributor, not only in signed articles, but in many of the editorial departments. His artistic inclinations outside of office hours have led him into many fields of travel, in which he has used a camera to the frequent edification of our readers and of the public in numerous exhibitions, the latest being that of the American Institute of Graphic Arts in New York City. Mr. Moore speaks to our readers, therefore, with a certain background of technical authority in his familiar talk about the "new" Outlook, which follows.-THE EDITORS.

M

ANY considerations have influenced the adoption of a larger-sized page, which will be the most noticeable feature of The Outlook's new form, which will appear on January 3 next. The advantage of seeing the contents of the periodical with less turning of leaves, the opportunity for a bolder appeal for reading matter and illustration when desired, the expressed wish of many readers for a more legible type, the insistent necessity for economy in the use of paper-for the smaller the page the more space relatively must be given to margins-and the better adaptability of the larger page to the character of The Outlook as a weekly reporter and interpreter of current life, have constituted the mingled yarn of motive which has resulted in the decision to make the change. As to another influence, that of fashion, if it is right and seemly for a man or woman from time to time to order a new suit or gown, and to follow the prevailing mode in the cut thereof, it seems equally fitting that a periodical should consult changing taste in matters journalistic when the appropriate time arrives for it to consider new habiliments.

And as with fashions in human costume, so in typography, the tendency is to hark back to the things of former days. The Outlook's new size will closely approximate that in which it appeared to its readers twenty years ago. Its letterpress will, in its new form, revert to a much older fashion. The type which has been chosen for The Outlook is an adaptation of an old Venetian letter designed in the early days of the printing art. Its history is briefly as follows:

The late H. O. Houghton, who established the present publishing house of Houghton Mifflin Company, and who was also the founder of the Riverside Press, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, was a printer of taste and discernment. He won a wellmerited reputation as a maker of fine books.

He had very definite notions as to type faces. and during one of his visits abroad he found a copy of an old Venetian book that embodied his ideas of a readable type-" firm in lines, flat enough to take a generous color and to withstand strong impressions." Under Mr. Houghton's directions this letter was made into a style of type called the Riverside Series. This series, with certain modifications suggested by the writer, has been revived and cast by the American Type Founders Company for the use of this journal, and is to be called by the type founders The Outlook Series. The size employed for The Outlook is known as ten point.

Here

is a specimen of the new Outlook Series, showing the size to be used in the new form:

When, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume, among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle

It will be observed that the new type is both larger and heavier than that now used, which is one of the many variations of the so-called Caslon Series. Yet it occupies no more space. Printing types, it may be explained, consist of a "body," or base, on the top of which is cast the "face," which is the part that appears in printing. The face may occupy a larger or smaller surface on the body. The old face used by The Outlook, in which these words are set, and the new type are both on 'ten point" body, about seven lines to the inch. The larger face was obtained in this way: The letters g, j, p, q, y are known as descending letters. If the parts of these letters that fall below the center of the line, "descenders" as they are called, are shortened, a larger size,

66

THE PRESENT SIZE OF THE OUTLOOK PAGE
CONTRASTED WITH THE NEW SIZE

The facsimiles on these two pages show the relative size of The Outlook in its present form and in the new form that it will

WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 3, 1917
PRICE: TEN CENTS A COPY

361 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

the new and bolder type for the reading matter and headings is also shown on this page, at the right. Its greater legibility can be better understood by the sample printed in the body of the accompanying article.

The Outlook

NOVEMBER 29, 1916

Offices, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York

THE STORY OF THE WARI
THE FALL OF MONASTIR

The war history for our week (November
15-22) may almost be summed up in two
words, Monastir and Craiova. Each stands
for a great achievement and for long reaching
consequences in the progress of the war in
the Balkan region.

In the capture of Monastir the Servian
army, once crushed by the Teutonic forces,
now reorganized and again in splendid fight-
ing order, though in all probability smaller
than it was, must feel exultant.
Aided by
their French allies and by a detached Russian
force, the Servians again occupy one of the
most important cities of their country.
In the
whole campaign which has resulted in the cap-
ture of Monastir the Bulgarians have been out:
maneuveredand outfought. Their retreat from
Monastir (so the Allies' despatches say) was
little less than a rout. Strategically the gain
is a large one. Despite the fact that the rail
way on which Monastir is situated ends at that
place, its occupation opens up, through the
valley of the Cerna River, a road toward Nish,
to capture which must be the great effort of
the Allies' armies on the Salonika front.

The direct approach to Nish is of course
northward from Salonika, through the valley of
the Vardar River, and by the railway running
through that valley. The present situation is
that the left wing (or western force) of Gen-
eral Sarrail's total army is now well advanced
and in good position; and if the right wing.
in which the British predominate, is once
placed in a good position to the eastward, the
Jong-expected main advance of the center of
this vast army made up of several nationalities
may begin to move toward Nish.
ture of Nish would cut in two the only rail
communication between Teutonic forces in
the north and their allies, Bulgaria and Turkey,
in the southeast.

The cap

When that great drive will come it is impossible to say. Those who impatiently demand why General Sarrail does not come to the rescue of the Rumanians hardly take into account the two obstacles which will

make this a slow process: First, the distance
and natural obstacles involved in the cam-
paign, and, secondly, the unsatisfactory state
of things in Greece. That the leaders of the,
Allies in Greece have come to the end of
their patience with the tortuous and treach
erous conduct of the Greek King became
evident last week, when sweeping demands
were made upon the nominal Greek Govern-
ment, first, for the surrender to the Allies of
a large portion of the army's munitions and
artillery of the Greek army; and, secondly,
for the immediate departure of the diplomatic
representatives of Germany, Austria, Bul-
garia, and Turkey now in Greece. The first
step is justified by the treachery of the Greek
army to Greece in its failure to resist Bul
ganan invasion, the second, by the plotting
and intrigues of the Ministers of the Central
Powers. Meanwhile, the Greek people are
likely to turn more and more to Venizelos,
the head of the Nationalist Government, who
has just issued a proclamation calling upon
the people to wipe out the stain placed upon
Greece by the disregard of its treaty obliga
tions to Servia and by the tame submission
to invasion by Bulgaria.

CRAIOVA AND RUMANIA

The second great event of the week above
noted was the capture by General von Fal-
kenhayn's army of the Rumanian town of
Craiova. This is not an important place in
itself, but its occupation has tremendous sig

nificance. It lies on a railway running in its
general direction from west to east through
western Rumania. As the German forces
under Falkenhayn have pushed the Ru
manian south out of Transylvania, through
the passes, and back into Rumania, the left
or west wing of the Rumanian army has held
Orsova Now the only rail communica-
tion between Orsova and Bucharest is by
this railway which passes through Craiova.
The occupation by the Germans of the latter
place seems to cut off the Rumanian army at
Orsova from its base of supplies. The Ru-
manians there are facing attack from to

693

The Outlook

THE STORY OF THE WAR:
THE FALL OF MONASTIR

JANUARY 3, 1917

Offices, 381 Fourth Avenue, New York

The war history for our week (November 15-22) may almost
be summed up in two words, Monastir and Craiova. Each
stands for a great achievement and for long-reaching conse
quences in the progress of the war in the Balkan region.

In the capture of Monastir the Servian army, once crushed
by the Teutonic forces, now reorganized and again in splendid
fighting order, though in all probability smaller than it was,
must feel exultant. Aided by their French allies and by a
detached Russian force, the Servians again occupy one of the
most important cities of their country. In the whole campaign
which has resulted in the capture of Monastir the Bulgarians
have been outmaneuvered and outfought. Their retreat from
Monastir (so the Allies' despatches say) was little less than a
rout. Strategically the gain is a large one. Despite the fact
that the railway on which Monastir is situated ends at that
place, its occupation opens up, through the valley of the Cerna
River, a road toward Nish, to capture which must be the great

effort of the Allies' armies on the Salonika front.

The direct approach to Nish is, of course, northward froth
Salonika, through the valley of the Vardar River, and by the
railway running through that valley. The present situation is
that the left wing (or western force) of General Sarrail's total
army is now well advanced and in good position; and if the
right wing, in which the British predominate, is once placed in
a good position to the eastward, the long-expected main advance
of the center of this vast army made up of several nationalities
may begin to move toward Nish. The capture of Nish would
cut in two the only rail communication between Teutonic forces
in the north and their allies, Bulgaria and Turkey, in the

Southeast.

When that great drive will come it is impossible to say.
Those who impatiently demand why General Sarrail does not
come to the rescue of the Rumanians hardly take into account
the two obstacles which will make this a slow process: First,
the distance and natural obstacles involved in the campaign:
and, secondly, the unsatisfactory state of things in Greece.
That the leaders of the Allies in Greece have come to the end
of their patience with the tortuous and treacherous conduct of
the Greek King became evident last week, when sweeping de:
mands were made npon the nominal Greek Government, first,
for the surrender to the Allies of a large portion of the army's
munitions and artillery of the Greek army; and, secondly, for
the immediate departure of the diplomatic representatives of
Germany, Austria, Bulgaria, and Turkey now in Greece. The
first step is justified by the treachery of the Greek army to
Greece in its failure to resist Bulgarian invasion; the second,
by the plotting and intrigues of the Ministers of the Central
Powers. Meanwhile the Greek people are likely to turn more
and more to Venizelos, the head of the Nationalist Government,
who has just issued a proclamation calling upon the people to
wipe out the stain placed upon Greece by the disregard of its
treaty obligations to Servia and by the tame submission to in-
vasion by Bulgaria.

have pushed the Rumanians south out of Transylvania, through
the passes, and back into Rumania, the left or west wing of the
Rumanian army has held Orsova. Now the only rail communi-
cation between Orsova and Bucharest is by this railway which
passes through Craiova. The occupation by the Germans of the
latter place seems to cut off the Rumanian army at Orsova
from its base of supplies. The Rumanians there are facing
attack from two directions, or, as some say, from three direo-
tions, and their position is perilous in the extreme.
But this is not the only way in which the capture of Craiova
threatens Rumania. This same railway runs from Craiova east
and northeast until it joins another railway running in a south-
erly direction to Bucharest from Kampulung, where the Ru-
manians have been carrying on a strong resistance to the Ger-
mans, aided materially by Russian forces. If the German forces
at Craiova follow the first railway to Pitesci, the junction of the
two roads, the Rumanians at Kampulung may be caught between
two armies. Altogether, the outlook for Rumania is a bad one,
and her capital, Bucharest, is in serious danger.

The offset to the prediction of disaster we have just recorded
lies in the question whether Falkenhayn has sufficient forces or
can get them from Germany and Austria to carry out such
large plans involving movements in different directions. If he
can, and there is real uncertainty as to this, he has a good pros
pect of capturing Bucharest and joining his forces with those of
General von Mackensen in the Dobrudja.
On the other war fronts little of note took place during the
week.

THE GERMAN DEPORTATION
OF BELGIANS

The atrocious deportation of Belgians by Germany continues.
Beyond question it constitutes industrial enslavement and ex-
patriation on a large scale. One report of the deportation in
six villages in the district of Mons says that twelve hundred
men, the cream of the industrial workers, were taken from
these places alone. The well-known Belgian writer, Emile
Cammaerts, commenting on the acts of deportation, calls them
"slave raids," and says, "Trains roll through Germany packed
with human cattle," and adds:

These things have been going on since October 15. Ten days
ago fifteen thousand had been taken in Flanders alone. How
many are there now? Between twenty and thirty thousand. If
things are allowed to go on at this rate, we shall witness the
wholesale deportation of an entire people reduced to slavery.

This, indeed, is a disaster worse than invasion, worse than
the retreat from Antwerp, worse than the wholesale massacres
of Louvain, Tamines, Andenne, Dinant-worse even than the
ceaseless persecutions of the last two years. What is Belgium's
answer to this new crime? To-day her soul is stricken. Every
one of these captives has to choose between death and dishonor.
Their spirit is broken by the slow, gnawing torture endured in
complete isolation.

The proposal in Great Britain to appoint a controller of food
and to regulate food supplies and prices is not a confession of
weakness, but the evidence of strength.

Germany acted wisely when, long ago, under the pressure of the food question she instituted thorough Government supervision and regulation. As with Germany, so with England; the action was at first taken to indicate a greater extremity than actually existed. It was wise because under war condi tions food should be controlled so as to prevent speculation and to secure as far as possible an even distribution of the burden

GENERAL TREPOF, THE NEW RUSSIAN PREMIER

General Trepof, who is described as an army man rather than a bureaucrat, takes the place of the reaction ary Mr. Sturmer. See article by Mr. George Kennan in this issue