ODE X. Addressed to a beautiful boy; the poet's advice to whom is like Virgil's to Alexis, in Ecl. 2, 17: "O formose puer ! nimium e crede colori ! 2. Insperata. Adverbial. Unexpectedly. Pluma, down, for the early beard. Superbiae is dat. depending upon veniet.- -4. Puniceae; purple; as Virg. Aen. 12, 77.- -5. Hispidam. Rough; not from old age, but from the beard. With the glass. 6. Speculo. Ablative of instrument. ODE XI. An mvitation to Phillis, to celebrate with the poet at his Sabine farm the birth-day of Maecenas, which was on the ides of April. 2. Albani. The Alban belonged to the third class of Italian wines. See Dict. Antiqq. under Vinum. The opening of this ode is like that of the 29th, Book I. -3. Apium. See note, O. i., 36, 15.- 5. Crines. Join with religata; in the same construction as in O. ii., 11, 24, where see note.- -7. Verbenis. Compare note, O. i., 19, 14. -8. Spargier. An old form for pres. infin. passive, found in Horace only here. See A. & S. ý 162, 6; Z. ◊ 162. — 12. Vertice. This word is by some translated the house-top; but Orelli and Dillenburger understand it, and I think correctly, of the smoke and flame; Rolling up in a whirl, that is, whirling up. Trepidare is often used of the tremulous motion of flames. Comp. Virg. Ecl. 8, 105. - 16. Findit; i. e. dividit. Idus, from iduare, dividere. 25. Terret. Is a terror to. 27. Pegasus; who threw his rider, Bellerophon, when he, exulting in his victory over the Chimaera, sought to fly to heaven. Comp. note, O. i., 27, 23. · 35. Quos reddas. To sing (to me). Comp. note, O. iv., 5, 43. ODE XII. An invitation in Spring-time, to Virgil, to a festive entertainment. It is not known to what Virgil the ode was addressed. That it could not have been the poet, seems evident from the expressions in lines 21, 22, cum tua merce, and in 1. 25, studium lucri. 2. Animae Thraciae. The winds from the north, which blew in early spring. 6. Infelix avis. The swallow. The story was that Progne, the wife of Tereus, king of Thrace, to avenge her sister Philomela, killed her son Itys, and served him up to his father; and that she was changed by the gods into a swallow, and her sister into a nightinga.e. Other poets, however, make Progne the nightingale, and Philomela the swallow. -11. Deum. Pan, the Latin Faunus. See note, O. i., 17, 1. -14. Pressum Calibus. The wine of Cales in Campania; mentioned also in O. i., 20, 9, where see note.- -15. Cliens. Used here in the sense of protegé, one who enjoys the favor of a superior. They who suppose the ode to be addressed to the poet Virgil, naturally refer nobilium juvenum to Marcellus, Agrippa, and others, who honored Virgil with their friendship. — -16. Merebere. Mereri here means to receive in exchange. The poet humorously proposes to find the wine, if Virgil will find the perfumes.. -17. Onyx; i. e. a perfume vessel made of onyx. -18. Sulpiciis. Sulpicius was probably a wine-merchant. On horreis, see notes, O. iii., 8, 11; 28, 7.- 22. Merce; i. e. the nardus above mentioned. 23. Immunem. "At free cost." Nuttall. - 26. Nigrorum-ignium; in allusion to the rogus. Of the dark fires of the funeral pile.- -28. In loco; i. e, opportuno tempore, èv kaipê; at the right time. ODE XIII. Addressed to Lyce, now grown old. See O. iii., 10. The poet dwells, with a hearty and not very amiable satisfaction, upon the wrinkles and ugliness of the once proud, disdainful beauty. 6. Lentum. Unyielding. 13. Coae-purpurae. The silks of Cos, an island in the Aegean, were of a fine quality, and in great esteem. The Coan purple dye was also celebrated. years. Quae semel, etc. 14. Tempora; for annos, Which once for all fleeting time has entered in the public register. Condita agrees with quae; literally, which—put away. The Fasti Consulares are meant; see n. O. iii., 17, 4. The poet ungra. ciously alludes to the age of Lyce, which cannot be falsified by silken dresses, or costly jewels. - 20. Surpuerat. By syncope for surripuerat. -21. Artium. Genitive, depending upon nota, as in O. ii., 2, 6, where see note. -25. Cornicis vetulae. Vetulae is chosen as a contemptuous word; otherwise in O. iii., 17, 23, annosa cornix. ODE XIV. See the introduction to the Fourth Ode of this Book. After doing honor to the courage and the exploits of the young Tiberius, the poet dwells upon the praises of Augustus, whom he extols as the glory of the war, the defence of Rome and of Italy, and as the undisputed ruler of the whole world. 2. Plenis honorum muneribus. Plenis is used in the sense of justis, adequate; literally, with adequate gifts of honors, with adequate honors. 4. Titulos. Inscriptions upon statues and public monuments. On the word fastos, see n. O. iii., 17, 4. —7. Quem-didicere-quid, etc. By an attraction more common in Greek than in Latin, the subject of posses is made the object of didicere. Orelli compares Terence, Eun. 3, 6, 18: Me noris, quam—siem; ibid, 4, 3, 15: ego illum nescio, qui fuerit. -10. Genaunos-Breunos. Vindelician tribes, who lived among the Rhaetian Alps, near the sources of the river Oenus, the Inn. 13. Plus vice simplici. Not plus quam semel, more than once, but duplex damuum intulit. It is opposed to pari vice, and means with more than a simple requital, since in the destruction of so many more than he had lost, he visited upon them a heavy retribution. Plus vice for the usual plus quam vice. Comp. n. O. i., 13, 20.- 21. Pleiadum. The Latin Vergiliae, seven stars in the constellation of Taurus. 24. Medios per ignes ;=per pugnam ardentissimam, the hottest of the fight. Orelli cites Silvius Ital. 14, 176, and Ovid, Met. 8, 76, where the same expression occurs. -25. Tauriformis. River-gods were represented with a bull's head and horns, perhaps from the violence and roar of the waters. So in Virgil, Georg. 3, 371, taurino cornua vultu Eridanus; Aen. 8, 77, Corniger Fluvius. 26. Dauni. See n. O. iii., 30, 11. 30. Ferrata; i. e. ferreis loricis tecta. Dillenb. Mail-clad. 32. Humum. Acc. depending upon stravit, as in O. iii., 17, 12; not, as others have it, for in humum.. 33. Te-praebente. As all commanders were the legati of the emperor, who was the commander-in-chief, it was always under his auspices (auspiciis) that all military operations were conducted. Hence Tacitus, Ann. 2, 41, distinguishes between ductu and auspiciis; "signa amissa ductu Germanici, auspiciis Tiberii" (the emperor). Under the Empire, as the Republic, only the commander-in-chief took the auspices. Comp. Dict. Antiqq. under Auspicium. - 34. Quo die. The 29th of August, B. c. 30, the year after the battle of Actium, on which Octavianus took Alexandria. Just fifteen years after (lustrotertio, 1. 37), on the same day, the Vindelici were conquered. -40. Imperiis ;=expeditionibus, campaigns. 41. Cantaber. See note, O. ii., 6, 2. -42. Scythes. See note, O. iii., 24, 9.- -Et Indus. "In B. c. 19, Pandion, king of India, sent envoys and presents to Augustus, at Samos." Osborne. On Medus, see note, O. i., 2, 22, and introduction to O. iii., 5.- -45. Qui celat. "The fountains of the Nile have not yet been accurately ascertained, except as regards one of its feeders, the Blue River, which rises in Abyssinia, and flows through Nubia. The other, the White River, has not yet been explored, but its sources are supposed to be in the Mountains of the Moon." Osborne.-The poet here refers to the fact of Egypt being made a Roman province, after the capture of Alexandria. - -46. Ister. The Danube, on which lived the Dacians; and the Gelone, see n. O. ii., 19, 23; and the Pannonii. - Tigris. In allusion to Armenia, subdued B. c. 34. - -47. Belluosus. Compare the expression in O. iii., 27, 26; and on Britannis, comp. notes, O. i., 35, 29; iii., 5, 3. 51. Sygambri. See note, O. iv., 2, 36. ODE XV. The poet records in song the results of the victories of Augustus; peace, good order, the establishment of public morals; abroad, the extended glory of the Roman name, and at home, security and happiness. Reproved 2. Increpuit lyra. These two words belong together. with the lyre; i. e. by striking the lyre. "The poet represents Apollo as a choragus, a leader of a choir. When the singers go wrong, he re proves them and corrects their mistake. So Ovid, A. A. 2. 493: "Haec ego cum canerem, subito manifestus Apollo And Virg. Ecl. 6, 3: "Cum canerem reges et proelia, Cynthius aurem 6. Signa. The standards lost by Crassus. 8. Postibus. Epist. i., 18, 56. See note, O. iii., 5, 4. See n. O. iii., 5, 19. Compare the expression in -9. Janum quirini. The temple of Janus, generally called Janus Quirinus (and here Quirini), from its being connected by an ancient tradition with Romulus. It was built at the north-western angle of the Forum, and had two gates, hence called Geminus or Bifrons, one looking towards the east, the other towards the west. It was open in time of war, and closed in time of peace. Before the time of Augustus, it had been closed twice; once in Numa's reign, and once B. C. 235, after the First Punic War. In the time of Augustus it was closed thrice; after the battle of Actium, B. c. 31, after the overthrow of the Cantabri, B. C. 25, and now for the third time after the subjugation of the Rhoeti and the Vindelici.-See Becker's Handb. d. Röm. Alt. Thl. i., p. 118; and Classical Museum, vol. iv., p. 29. – -Ordinem. Governed by evaganti, which is here transitive, having the sense of transgress. See Z. ◊ 386; A. & S. § 232, 2. On the measures of Augustus here referred to, see note, O. iv., 5, 21. 21. Danubium. Alluding to the Vindelici and the Pannonii. On the word bibunt, compare O. ii., 20, 20. 22. Getae. See note, O. iii., 24, 11. 23. On Scres, see note, O. i., 12, 56; and on Persae, note, O. i., 2, 22. 24. Tanaim. The Scythians, as in O. iii., 29, 27. -25. Lucibus; for diebus. Dies profesti were ordinary days, in distinction from dies festi, which were holy-days. See Dict. Antiqq. under Dies. -29. More patrum. Cicero three times refers to a passage in Cato's historical work, entitled “Origines," in which Cato describes a custom observed many ages before his time, of singing ballads, at banquets, in praise of illustrious men. The passages of Cicero are in Tusc. Quaest. 1, 2; ibid, 4, 3; Brutus, c. 19.. -Remixto. Horace has this word in A. P. 151. Orelli and Dillenb. refer to two passages in Seneca, Epist. 71, as the only ones besides these two of Horace, where the word occurs. 30. Lydis tibiis. In distinction from the Phrygian (see note, O. iii., 19, 18), the Lydian pipe was adapted to a quick and lively style of music. The plural is used, tibiis, because the ancients played upon two pipes at the same time. They were called tibiae pares (equal), when they were both base, or both treble; and tibiae impares, when one was base and the other treble. Each pipe was a separate instrument, having its own mouth piece, though both were played by the same musician. There was also a distinction of tibia dextra, and tibia sinistra; the former was held in the right hand, and produced the base notes, hence called by Herodotus the "male" or "manly" pipe; the latter was held in the left hand, and produced the treble notes, hence called the "female" or "womanly" pipe. See Dict. Antiqq., and Rich's Companion. under Tibia; and the illustration on p. 139 of this volume. |