with their anarchistic beliefs. Sacco and Vanzetti were accused of the murder of two men in an attempt to rob a shoe factory. Their radical admirers abroad seem to have jumped to the conclusion that they were unjustly condemned because they were Italians, aliens, and radicals.

The other day Associated Press despatches told of another peculiar feature of this peculiar case. The President of the German Reichstag and some members of that body have sent three radiograms to Governor Fuller, of Massachusetts, protesting against the death sentence of the two Italians. President Loebe's message reads: "Recommend strongly abolition of death sentence against Sacco and Vanzetti and their retrial, as judicial error in first trial appears possible." Another message reads: "German trade-unionists and members of the Reichstag very excited on Sacco

sible for the situation. The Canadian Commons consists of 245 members. Last October the Liberals elected 101, the Conservatives 116, with the remainder mixed but unterrified. These elements could not coalesce and the larger groups were discordant.

There will probably follow a fierce campaign, in which the United States must find itself much of an issue, without having meddled in any way. The Union is a big bugaboo both north and south, in Canada and Mexico, and has more than once been profitably used to carry an election.

Experience ought to have taught both neighbors that the more difficult they make relations with Uncle Sam, the harder must become their own lot.

The British Coal Miners and "the Good Life "

Canada's Cabinet Complex

A

FTER a bare fortnight's existence, the Meighen Cabinet, in Canada, fell on a vote of confidence by only one majority, and the parties must now take their troubles before the people. The fight is for control between W. L. Mackenzie King and Arthur Meighen. The latter represents the Conservative Party, though fourteen "Conservatives" voted against him on the final test. Mr. King, standing for the Liberals, is in favor of closer relations with the United States. Meighen is for higher duties and is thoroughly committed against reciprocity. So the fight is really to attempt deciding whether trade shall run east and west, or north and south, as its natural currents insist upon doing.

The complex that results from the breaking of party lines is largely respon

NY man will fight to maintain the standard of living he has achieved for himself and his family. That, it needs to be understood, is the basic issue in the coal-mining deadlock in Great Britain.

British labor has a phrase which its leaders like to use as a summing up of the ideals of their movement -"the good life." It is this aim which. they feel to be threatened in the mining controversy, not only for the miners, but also for other wage-workers.

The difficulty began, it must be remembered, over a proposal of the mineowners last summer to reduce wages or lengthen hours. Their contention was that the industry could not afford to maintain the existing standard in competition with other countries. The miners' union refused to acquiesce, and a deadlock was delayed by the grant of a Government subsidy to continue the wage schedule. The union contended that mismanagement of the industry was largely responsible for its troubles. The royal commission which investigated conditions in the mines during the period of the subsidy substantiated many of the union arguments, and advocated reorganization of the entire industry. It also suggested reduction of wages or lengthening of hours in some of the mine fields pending such a reorganization, and recommended immediate termination of the subsidy.

The end of the subsidy period and the refusal of the workers to agree to lower wages or longer hours led to the general strike in May. strike in May. Since then the deadlock

in the mining industry has continued, with its harmful effects on all other industries.

Disorders and fights in the houses of Parliament, in connection with the passage of a Government bill to authorize the lengthening of the daily period of work in the mines from seven to eight hours, have shown the bitter feeling among the workers and their spokesmen. The bill hardly can become effective, since any change in working hours depends upon the agreement of the union men. But it makes clear the real problem of the British mining industry-how to make a profit and yet permit the miners to keep the standard of living to which they have attained.

France Plays England
Against America

HE French people apparently still

THE

believe it possible to secure a modification of the terms for settlement of their war debt to the United States. With the deepest sympathy for France and her suffering from the war, it is impossible to consider the present French attitude well advised. The parade of disabled and wounded French veterans, in protest against the terms of the debt agreement with America, was a profoundly moving spectacle. But, as Secretary Mellon has made clear, the agree ment is now in the hands of Congress. No one who knows the feeling in the House and Senate about the issue of debt payments can think it likely that they will alter the terms in favor of France. Nor is there much hope that the elections will result in a Congress more disposed to do so.

Joseph Caillaux, as French Finance Minister, has secured a debt agreement with Great Britain embodying several principles which France desired but did not get included in the agreement with America. The most important are a "safeguarding clause" providing for postponement of French debt payments in case Germany should fail to meet her reparation payments, a "transfer clause" providing for the control of payments in case the value of French currency should be affected unfavorably on the international exchange markets, and a clause providing that the debt to Great Britain may not be transformed into bonds available to private purchasers and thus "commercialized." The first two principles were not written into the agreement

with America, while the much-discussed

Article VII of that agreement could be construed to permit the sale of French debt bonds to private investors.

Lord Balfour was responsible for the British policy of declaring that Great Britain must collect as much from her war debtors as she must pay America. That attempt to put the burden of blame for debt settlement on the United States caused angry feeling in this country and embarrassed the friendly relations between Britain and America. The mis

take of a direct comparison between British and American policy, and of making British action contingent upon American action, has been avoided in this case. But the indirect comparison is none the less obvious, and it is evident that Caillaux regards it as a move in his campaign to demonstrate to French voters his desire to secure some modification in the American terms.

In order to put through the reconstruction program for France which her experts have recommended, Caillaux bimust have foreign credits. He will need a part of those credits in America. In. order to get them there must be a ratified agreement on the war debt. A fruitless attempt to change the agreement already signed can only delay the recovery of France herself.

The Perfect Amateur

UP to

P to the day on which Bobby Jones, a stocky young man from Atlanta, Georgia, won the American Open Championship over the stiff course of the Scioto Country Club at Columbus, Ohio, there was perhaps little significance in the fact that he was an amateur. There was no doubt of that significance when he turned in his last nine holes of superperfect golf, having come from behind and gathered in his third championship in a single year, thus breaking all records in the history of the game. When, on Friday night, almost hopelessly behind the leader after turning in the poorCest round of his championship career, Bobby sat down to commune with himself, he came to a decision that could be made only by one who loved the game devotedly. He realized that he must accomplish the apparently impossible in the interest of the sport that had changed a sickly youngster into a robust and smiling champion of twenty-four.

All his life Bobby has been conducting a battle with himself. In course of time he conquered a weakly constitution

Bobby Jones receives from W. C.

Fownes, Jr., President of the United States Golf Association, the trophy emblematic of his latest triumph

International

and survived a run of misfortune in contests on the links that would have driven the average man permanently from the green. In 1923 he arrived at a state of cheerful serenity. This coupled with perfect play of practically his own design carried him to his first triumphs, then to victory for the second time in the American Amateur Championship, on to the great victory in the British Open.

A Great Game

Сом

OMING to Scioto, Jones had not missed a day of golf for three months save for the time he was on shipboard, and set out in half a gale that came out of the oven of the Mid-Western plain, to turn in the poorest round of his championship career. It was a new, grim Jones who set out Saturday on the hard trail. The man who had risen to the heights in one of the most exacting of all sports through an acquired serenity became suddenly the tight-lipped fighting man. He looked and felt ten years older, and set out to play his game with con

scious courage a new attitude for him, and certainly the poorest attitude to take toward the game under customary conditions. But conditions were abnormal this time, and so was Bobby. To beat Joe Turnesa, the leader, he had to play the last nine holes in one under par, and the one under par came only on the last green. Pressed and bumped about from time to time by a gallery of some seven thousand, he came to the last tee still with the lined face and the tight-shut mouth. He sent away a screaming drive of 250 yards straight down the line, and followed it with a perfect iron, the No. 3 mashie niblick, to be exact, for 185 yards and almost hit the flag. He had a sure four to win, but, like the genius he is and the sportsman he is, he tried for a birdie 3, even though by so doing he risked the making of par figures and a consequent tie. The fourth stroke went down, however, and Bobby was the greatest golfer in the world. Then he grinned as he stumbled into the arms of his father. The loss of the championship may cost Joe Turnesa, the young Italian "pro,"

International

about $25,000 in possible income that the title would have carried, yet he was prompt to lead the professional contingent in congratulations. That's a tribute indeed to the quality of this perfect amateur.

Jupiter Strikes at Mars

A

RAIN cloud blew up from the west over the New Jersey hills. Lightning and thunder flashed and rumbled.

There came a thunder peal, longer, seemingly with deeper reverberations, than the usual.

That is all it meant, for the moment, to the greater part of the New Jersey hill region.

Then, low in the west beneath the blue-black thunder-cloud, there rolled out to north and south another cloud, brownish black and denser than the one above it. Men may have remarked upon the freakishness of summer clouds, but for another little while the unusual thunder peal and the brown-black cloud meant no more than that. Men, women, and children continued to splash and shout in the rain along the bathing beaches of the Passaic and the Pomp

ton.

ened and injured refugees began to stream along the roads, the terrible sig. nificance of it all to one little region became known.

Lightning had struck one of the largest storehouses of the Navy's largest ammunition depot, at Lake Denmark. Explosion followed explosion as fire, starting from the first one, spread to most of the sixscore buildings on the big reservation and threatened those in the adjoining Army arsenal at Picatinny. Men-how many no one could tell-were dead in the demolished buildings, under the trees of the grounds, even in the water of the lake, killed by the concussion, charred in the terrific powder flames. Balls and pieces of exploded shells rained over the whole region, injuring scores of civilians whole region, injuring scores of civilians in their homes, wrecking buildings, plowing up the earth, sweeping away even the undergrowth for miles around. A hundred million dollars' worth of Govern

ment property had gone up, or shortly was to go up, in the explosions, and the measure of the damage to private property could only be guessed at roughly.

The brown-black cloud under the blue-black cloud was the mark of a naval disaster on land such as has rarely been equaled at sea, even when fleets were in

But it was a disaster in which there was no question of blame on the part of the personnel, no question of carelessness or inefficiency. It resulted from what the law writers have called an act of God.

Could the Navy have constructed ammunition storehouses that were lightning proof? Failing that, should the storehouses have been located at points remote from the dwellings of families? Those are questions that will be asked, though they may not be answered.

There is always, even at the worst, something to be thankful for. The disaster came at a time when the Nation did not immediately need for its defense the great store of ammunition that was destroyed. The fact that the cost of replacing it will equal about one-third of the tax reduction under the new law is of comparatively minor consequence.

A Victory Over the Sea "THE

HE sea gave up the dead which were in it." In this phrase of Revelation might be summed up the results of the months of labor which resulted in the salvaging of the United States submarine S-51.

It was last fall that the City of Rome struck a mortal blow to the S-51 as she

was pursuing her way through the quiet waters. None too long the City of Rome

lingered to find out what damage she

had done. She picked up a few men from the water and went her way.

Since that tragic moment the best efforts of the Navy have been devoted to salvaging the wrecked war-ship from where she lay at a depth of more than one hundred feet. Tunneling under her hull, divers adjusted the great cables made fast to pontoons. The air was pumped out and with two slight mishaps the broken vessel safely towed to the Brooklyn Navy Yard Placed in dry dock, the waters receded and left her battered hull in full view. The melancholy duty of caring for the bodies of the drowned officers and men went swiftly on. We must wait for the full findings of the Board of Inquiry to hear the whole story, but the first report indicates that when struck the S-51 was running with all her lights and that every man was at his post. The possibility of facing such a tragedy is part of the day's work of those who man the ships which must be our first line of defense. The fact that they accept this risk as part of their day's work renders their work no less heroic, their deaths no less honorable.

the subway strike in New York has brought up is whether fares should be increased. The Interborough company in effect admits that skilled workers like in effect admits that skilled workers like motormen and switchmen should have higher wages than they get. But its general manager, Mr. Hedley, asks them "to quit trying to get blood out of a stone and go back to work," because the company needs all the money to pay taxes and buy new equipment.

As receipts from fares have increased and as the load of past bad financing cannot be helped, this statement is equivalent to saying that the actual running of the road is carried on at a loss; that is, that the profit on short rides does not balance the loss on long rides. There is a difference of opinion about this, and the difficulties of installing a just and fair schedule of passenger tolls is obvious; the Transit Commission should look into the matter in the interest of the general public as well as of the poorly paid men whose skill and steadiness is our primary protection against loss of life. The New York "World," after a comparison of Mr. Hedley's statistics with wages paid other skilled mechanical workers, comments: "This contrast establishes the

fact that the Interborough, trembling on

meet in part by sweating its workers." And the "Herald Tribune" remarks: "The people will never get better subway service until they pay for it. They are not paying for it now. The fare here is lower than in any other important city in the country. It buys only a part of what is given in return for it. The nickel which is dropped into the turnstiles must be supplemented by two, three, perhaps four cents, made up in taxation."

Another question of large public concern is whether such a strike as this, which affects almost every one, which adds by the employment of new men to danger in travel, and which causes wide inconvenience, trouble, and confusion, should not be forbidden by law. It is a recognized principle, even if not a legal enactment, that soldiers, policemen, and firemen must not be permitted to drop their duty in a body. That much we have gained; we shall not again see a strike like that of the Boston police. There is strong reason to urge that railway workers should be included in the same category.

A week after the beginning of the strike there was no sign of immediate settlement. The I. R. T. trains were

The

and the showing was better than it would have been if many of the regular passengers had not preferred to take other routes at some inconvenience. Some of the strikers returned to work, but their lines were still strong. strikers denounce the attitude of the I. R. T. in refusing to leave the matter to arbitration on the ground that the whole Brotherhood has not joined in the request; they say this might be compared to a refusal by a surface railway to treat with engineers and firemen unless ticket-sellers and trackmen joined them, and claim also that the Brotherhood is a "company union," tolerated but not loved by most of its members.

John Wingate Weeks

FAR

ARM boy, country-school teacher, seaman, surveyor, clerk, business man, volunteer in time of war, Mayor, Congressman, Senator, Secretary of War. There is in all this the sound of the early days of the Republic, when men commonly climbed the ladder of public service upon some such familiar rungs as these. In fact, we have here the stages through which John W. Weeks, hardly a year out of the last-named office, progressed through his life.

The country has had few more serviceable public men. There was in him little of brilliance and nothing of the spectacular, but he brought to the important offices which he latterly filled a wealth of experience and of sound judgment gained from the humbler positions of his early years. He was a patient, hard-working Representative in Congress, the same kind of Senator, one of the most painstaking War Secretaries that the country has had.

It was said when Weeks entered the Cabinet of President Harding that a graduate of Annapolis had deliberately chosen the War in preference to the Navy portfolio. There were evidences of a belief that he would have been more serviceable as Secretary of the Navy, and this belief became more pronounced with the revelation of the apparent weakness of Secretary Denby in connection with the Naval oil leases. Before ill health forced his retirement, however, Mr. Weeks had proved that he chose wisely. He was able to put more of what he himself called the human into the work of the War Department than if he had been an Army man, than, be

the work of the Navy Department.

During the months preceding his death Mr. Weeks was a very sick man, and his public service ended definitely with his retirement from the office of Secretary of War.

Nathaniel Hawthorne's Daughter

THE death of Rose Hawthorne La

throp, daughter of Nathaniel Hawthorne, on July 8, closed a career of singular usefulness and sacrifice. Mrs. Lathrop for more than half her life followed letters, by inheritance, perhaps, more than talent, until some thirty years ago, when, having left the Unitarian Church, she took orders with the Catholics, electing to become a nun under the name of Mother Alphonsa.

In this capacity she undertook a charitable work hitherto neglected the assuaging of suffering from cancer among the tenement-house poor of New York. Without means, and depending upon personal appeals, made mainly through the press, and not supported to any large extent by her Church, she established a House of Relief in Cherry Street, then the lowest of neighborhoods, and with such help as she could secure began to minister to the hopeless victims of the dreadful disease.

Later a few friends who had been stirred by her heroic endeavors, with the aid of the "Evening World," raised a sufficient fund for a better house on Jackson Street, on the far lower East Side. Previously she had established a small "home" at Hawthorne, as it became known, in Westchester County. Here patients were cared for in comfort until the end. It soon grew larger.

The painful and shocking nature of the disease, the poverty of the patients, and affiliation with a Church whose followers are usually unable to contribute largely as individuals to benevolence made her cause no easy one. The larder and the treasury were often empty, but she never faltered until her institution attracted the support it deserved. She sometimes had to beg for old linen, as well as money, but, to the public credit be it said, it seldom failed to respond.

So she enhanced the worth of her father's fame by devotion such as few have shown to the cause of suffering humanity. It is to be hoped that her great charity will not fail because her indecharity will not fail because her indefatigable spirit is no more behind it..

N°

O doubt there was a sly twinkle in Rudyard Kipling's eye when he remarked before the Royal Society of Literature, whose gold medal he had just received, that "quite a dozen" writers in the past 2,500 years have achieved immortality. "Quite" and "immortality" are words that may be variously defined. variously defined. Critics of generous impulses will translate the first phrase "more than a dozen" and the second "long-continuing fame," and no one may dispute the dictum if so rendered.

One wonders also if, while he wisely refrained from making a list of his dozen, Mr. Kipling did not know that his remark would provoke lovers of listmaking (and their name is Legion) to prodigious activity. Of making of lists there is no end-and not much use. We have not seen a Kipling Dozen list to be used in case of shipwreck, but F. P. A. has asked, "What dozen namers of the Dozen Immortal Writers would you take

to a desert island? And then run like everything?"

The Kipling fillip to list-making has certainly done well by the ancients, and if the five-foot book-shelves multiply apace no one will wonder. One out of "quite a dozen" authors or publishers who kindly contributed "Kipling lists" to the New York "Herald Tribune" lets in only one author who flourished later than 1700, and altogether the "prize-winners" (pace Sinclair Lewis) are antique as well as immortal. Doubtless this is just, but one is loth to admit that the last two hundred years have no unforgetable lit

Several of the estimates of genius evade the problem by nominating a double dozen or more: Mr. Horace

Liveright courageously asserts that he could easily name twenty times twelve immortals, and does name fifty-and an excellent list it is. Another assumed that Kipling was talking about fiction only and he could find only half a dozen immortal novelists. One disrespectful contributor to the symposium declined to make a list, on the ground that "most of the accepted immortals are on the skids" and darkly intimates that Kipling himself may some time join those who are not read.

On the whole, we like best and agree best with the response of Mr. Royal Cortissoz, the art critic. He is "on to" Kipling, whereas the rest leave us with a