however is manifest. Comparison, unless it takes the form of Rhetorical Simile (746), refers to things capable of a Comparison, whereas Conformity always regards matters wholly unlike. Thus, "Does as he did before," (Comparison). "Does as he was directed," (Conformity): for we cannot compare an action with an injunction or command.

718. This element may be easily distinguished when it seems to be obscure, from the fact that the expression "in conformity with" may be used always and make good sense, Thus, "Dresses fashionably." (=in conf. with fashion ) "Resulted as I told you." (in conf. with what I told you.) "Made peace on this condition." (=in conf. with this condition.)

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719. Adjective Elements are found here; as, A legal conviction." formal meeting." "A fit to your taste."

EXERCISE 88.-Analyze and define the Elements.

"A

1. Proceedings conducted legally. 2. Things spiritually discerned. 3. Men intellectually dull. 4. Matters amicably settled. 5. Oaths sacredly kept. 6. Accomplishes whatever he does by rule. 7. Happened pursuant to a time-honored custom. 8. True according to some writers. 9. Acted contrary to his interests. 10. Came to pass as I foretold you. 11. Ruined, what I have often predicted, by his wicked indulgences. 12. Sacrificed, after the custom of their fathers. 13. Worked after midnight.

14. Cut your coat according to your cloth. 15. Decide not by authoritative rules when they are inconsistent with reason. 16. Speak as you mean, do as you profess, and perform what you promise. 17. Get justly, use soberly, distribute cheerfully, and live contentedly. 18. "As it is written, there is none righteous, no, not one.”—Bible. 19. "Thy son is banished upon good advice."-Shak. 20. "He hath not dealt with us after our sins, nor rewarded us according to our iniquities."—Bible. 21. "There were set there six water-pots of stone (610) after the manner of the purifying of the Jews."-Bible.

As I foretold you, were all spirits, and

Are melted into thin air,"-Shakspeare.

23. "No prince, no peer, shall have just cause to say

God shorten Harry's happy life one day."-Shak. Henry IV.

24. "There is a special providence in the fall of a sparrow."-Shak. Hamlet. 25. "What is six winters. They are quickly gone

To men in joy, but grief makes one hour ten."-Shak. Rich. 1.

SEC. X. THE CIRCUMSTANTIAL ELEMENT, (Con.)

ATTENDANT CIRCUMSTANCE.

720. This Element denotes some matter or circumstance not so much modifying, as being merely accidentally connected with, the predicative term; as, "He sits with his hands folded.

721. Sometimes, in the way of description, it has much force and beauty; as, " She said this with a sweet smile." The soldiers marched forward with shining helmets and flashing swords."

722. The negative, as well as the affirmative form occurs; as, "Went into the fight without gun or sabre.”

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723. The word-form is commonly an adverb; as, They went weaponless into the battle." Sometimes the word-form is a participle; as, "She always walks veiled and well gloved." "Fled shouting.”

"Sits

724. The phrase-form has most frequently the relation-word with. with wet feet." "Rides with uncovered head." 'Writes with soiled hands." 725. The clause-form is either a Part. (adjunctive) or a Rel. (adjunctive) clause. When the former is used there is always an ellipsis of the participle of the copula; as, "Works with his coat (being) off." "Spoke with his hat (being) off." In these cases the words "off" and "on" are the complements (281) of the omitted predicative participle.

726. Adjective Elements sometimes express Attendant Circumstance; as, "A barefoot race.' 99 "A ride with the tooth-ache." "A bath with the clothes

on."

MODEL FOR ANALYSIS.- "Rode several miles with his hat

off."

An element of the Cx. W-f. "Rode" is the B. of the S. W-f. and modified by "several miles," an Adv. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting SPACE, HOW FAR. "Miles" is the B. and modified by "several," an Adj. El. of the S. W-f. denoting NUMBER.

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Rode several miles" is a second B. and modified by the remainder, an Adv. El. of the Part. C-f. (adjunc.) (=with his hat (being) off,) denoting ATTENDANT CIRCUMSTANCE.

"His hat" is the Subj. of the Cx. W-f.; of which "hat" is the B. and modified by "his," an Adj. El. of the W-f. denoting PoSSESSION. ("Being) off" is the Pred. of the Comp. V-f.; of which "being" is the copula, and off" is the Comp. of the S. W-f. denoting OBJ. OF SEPARATION,

EXERCISE 89.-Analyze according to the Model.

1. Works sometimes with his gloves on. 2. Marched through the town with flags flying and drums beating. 3.

9.

Advanced with several of his followers. 4. Stated with what forces he had come. 5. Told me why he came without his equipments. 6. Spoke to me about this matter with a frown upon his face. 7. Allowed us the privilege of doing what we wished, 8. Promised him pay for three months. Granted them their request. 10. Bought me beautiful flowers. 11. Was sorry for his faults. 12. Looked upon the countenance of our friends. 14. Took aim at the enemy.

a bunch of

15. He who waits for dead men's shoes may go barefoot. 16. Civil war is a deluge that levels alike the cottage and the palace. 17. Not the pain but the cause makes the martyr. 18. "With his mighty wind shall he shake his hand over the river, and shall smite it into seven streams and make men go over dry shod.”—Bible.

19. "The whining school boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeps like a snail
Unwillingly to school "-Shak. As You Like It.

SEC. XI.-RELATIVE MODE-CONSEQUENCE. 727. This Element is used principally to express a quality, (either adjective or adverbial,) or a quantity, by noting some effect which resulted from the same; as, He lived such a life that all honored him," (adj. quality). "He so lived that all honored him," (adv. quality)." He lived so nobly that all honored him," (quantity).

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728. Consequence is, however used in many other logical connections, referring neither to quality nor quantity; as, "He arrived IN SEASON so that we were not disappointed." Here it refers to time. Resides IN THE COUNTRY, so that he has many rural enjoyments." Here it refers to place. "He worked with his coat off so that he took cold." Here reference is made to Att. Circumstance. "The wind blew so that they were afraid." Here consequence refers to the predicative term blew.

729. Hence Consequence may be properly divided into three kinds or clauses, viz:

1. Quality Consequence.

2. Quantity Consequence.

3. Circumstantial Consequence.

730. The word-form is commonly an adverb; as, effectively, vainly, profiably, &c.; as, "Works effectively," i. e. so as to accomplish something.

731. The infinitive word-form (conjunctive) often expresses Quality or Quantity Consequence. The Consequent Element regularly takes this form when its predicative term and the predicative term of the main proposition refer to the same person; as, "I am not so timid as to fear you." Here "am timid" and "to fear" refer to the same person. Not so, however, when two persons or things are referred to; as, "I am not so timid that you can terrify

me."

732. The phrase-form takes the prepositions to, with, within, without, in and at, and usually expresses Circumstantial Consequence; as, "He resigned his position to the surprise of all his friends," (=so that all his friends were surprised)." They routed the enemy with terrible slaughter," (i. e. consequence resulting). "They have labored in vain," (=so as to accomplish nothing). "They work without effect."

"Has

733. The clause-form is usually a conjunctive clause introduced by that or as that, when Quality or Quantity is referred to, and by so that when Circumstantial Consequence is expressed; as, "Ran so rapidly that he fell." crossed the ocean before, so that he is not afraid." Lest (so that not) is sometimes used; as, "Sin no more, lest a worse thing come to thee," (=so that a worse thing come not to thee).

734. This Element has a somewhat peculiar use after some interrogative expressions; as, "Of what are you so proud that you presume to rule us ?” Who am I that I should be son-in law to the King?"-Bible. "With what sacred rites he has consecrated it I know not, that he thinks it necessary to plunge it in the body of a consul."-Cicero.

735. Consequence of Quantity is sometimes indicated by a relative clause; as, "How deeply unbelief must be rooted in our hearts, when we are surprised to find our prayers answered."

736. Adjective Elements may express Consequence; as, "A futile effort." "A successful enterprise." "A profitable business."

MODEL FOR ANALYSIS.- "He so deported himself as to gain the approbation of his friends."

A Dec. Sentence. "He" is the Subj. and the remainder is the Pred. The Subj. is of the S. W-f. The Pred. is of the Cx. W-f.; of which "deported" is the B. and modified by himself," an Obj. El. of the S. W-f. denoting DIRECT SUFFERING OBJECT.

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Deported himself" is a second B. and modified by "so as to gain the approbation of his friends," an element of the Cx. W-f. denoting INTELLECTUAL QUALITY.

"So" is the B. and modified by "as to gain the approbation of his friends," an element of the Conj. P-f. denoting QUALITY CONSEQUENCE.

"To gain" is the B. and modified by "the approbation of his friends," an Obj. El. of the Cx. W-f. denoting the FACTITIVE OBJECT

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Approbation" is the B. and modified by " of his friends" an Adj. El. of the Cx. P-f. denoting AGENT or AUTHOR.

"Friends" ts the B. and modified by "his," an Adj. El. of the S. W-f. denoting RELATIONSHIP.

EXERCISE 89.-Analyze, and define the Elements according to the Model.

1. Led such a life that all loved him. 2. Such persons as all admire. 3. Lives as he pleases (717). 4. Lives like a nobleman. 5. Does differently from what you told him. 6. Labors in vain. 7. Said that he so managed as to secure the position. 8. Manages with great care and caution. 9. Spoke so loudly as to be heard across the street. 10. Asked whether you spoke to me on the subject. 11. Reformed his habits to the surprise of everbody. 12. Gave such a look at them as to terrify them greatly. 13. Would go were the weather pleasant. 14. Have you forgotten the experience of yesterday that you do this again?

15. "Men feared the French would prove perfidious to the King's danger."-Shak. 16, "They may do this without any hindrance to business."-Addison. 17. "In a little time after I saw him leap upon the stage and act his part with great applause."--Addison. 18. Contentment is of so great value that it can never be purchased dearly. 19. "William the Conqueror is said to have been so strong that scarcely any person in that age could bend his bow, or handle his arms." 20.The soul considered with its Creator is like one of those mathematical lines that may draw nearer to another, to all eternity, without a possibility of touching it."—Addi

son.

SEC. XIII.-CONSEQUENCE AFTER NEGATIVE

EXPRESSIONS.

737. After negative propositions and questions implying a negative, this element takes several forms of expression, which must be carefully noted.

738. QUALITY-CONSEQUENCE, in such cases, is expressed