Picked at Random

By WALTER R. BROOKS

Cicely Hamilton's

Lest Ye Die
Scribners

cease

Another of those stories of the crash of civilization in a great war. Theodore Savage, a Civil Servant in government department, sees all the horrors of a greater war than the Great War from the civilian side. Populations are driven by air raiders from the towns and kept on the run until they are starving and thoroughly demoralized. Gradually hostilities through exhaustion on both sides. But civilization has perished. Savage goes back to the life of his primitive ancestors, and eventually joins a band of fellow barbarians and lives out his life in a mud walled village from which all trace of culture has vanished. The author writes from the conviction that the Eden legend, the legends of a Golden Age, are based on truth; that a former civilization has existed and was destroyed in the same way that ours will be destroyed-by the destructive forces which man's growing knowledge of science is placing at the service of his prejudices and his greed. This theory is interesting and worth some thought, but it rather spoils what might otherwise have been an exciting story.

Hal G. Evarts' Fur Brigade Little Brown

Without intricacy of plot or interest of character drawing, this tale of the trappers of the early West is good reading, if only for its picture of a little known period of frontier histroy. The adventures of Hunter Breckenridge, trapper, Indian fighter and trader among the Pawnees, Black feet, Sioux, Mandans, Cheyennes and a dozen other tribes in the West and Northwest in the eighteentwenties, are not only exciting in themselves, they are based on incidents that happened, and all the characters introduced had their prototypes in the life of the times. There is, of course, a heroine, and a villain.

to your interest but the adventures he goes through traveling about present day Russia in his later 'teens. The story is as chaotic as the scene. There are Bolsheviks and mujiks and Mormons and Cossacks and gipsies and Kirghiz and Uzbegs; caravans and strolling troupes of players and Quaker relief units and bands of roaming partisans. There are long arid stretches of conversation a la Russe through which we panted, picking up here and there a bit of information, and there are frequent cases of violence which almost, but not quite, make up for the difficulty of reaching them. But you will get some idea of Russia.

got mixed up with a gang of lady thugs known as the Wildcats, she had quite an awful time. They thought no more of croaking a wench than you or I would of squashing an importunate mosquito But Lee and her boy friend got the better of them, found the Rose and restored it to the rightful owner in the very teeth of Big Ellen, Kangaroo Kate, the Mouse. Angel Emma, TwoGun Tillie, Philadelphia Poll, Nellie the lady human fly-to name a few of these demons in human form. This story consists of action, interspersed with action, and with occasional pauses for more action. Quite breathless, in fact.

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Do You Want the Index?

Index and title-page for Volume 149, May 2,-August 29, 1928, of The Outlook, printed separately for binding, will be furnished gratis, on application, to any reader who desires them for this purpose.

Lucy Goes to Africa (Continued from page 773) position of the employer, the greater the prestige among his fellows enjoyed by the wearer of the cap. Bare legs and feet complete this charming outfit, in which the most formal and elaborate dinners are served.

Picnics are featured as a form of entertainment; but being British picnics, they are far removed from the crude affairs known by that name in this part of the world. First a cohort of black boys goes out, bearing food, awnings, chairs, tables, dishes, victrola and a canvas dance floor. They erect the awnings, stretch the floor, set the tables, turn on the victrola-and the picnic is ready to proceed in proper style. Then you go out and dance to the strains of "Old Man River" under a low, African moon. Who said that Romance is dead?

I was telling Sam, the colored chauffeur of some friends of mine in this country, that in Africa a man can acquire a good, hard-working wife for the equivalent of five dollars in African currency. Five wives, and he is taken care of for the rest of his life.

Sam's eyes shone.

"Couldn' you all ca' me along, Miss Lucy?" he asked wistfully. "Dat Afr'ca'd sho' suit me fine. Ah wouldn' never do no mo' wuk. Dem niggersdey'd be eatin' f'um ma han' in no time!"

I

I have no doubt that they would. He's a splendid, gigantic figure of a man, with an ebony skin, and a great natural dignity of bearing. He would make a magnificent African king. can see him now, seated royally under a tree, surrounded by an admiring throng, and fanned with palm leaves by solicitous wives. It's a great shame that he can't go where he so obviously belongs.

The seasons in Africa are going to be a bit confusing, what with the summer's eccentric habit of coming in the winter, and the winter occurring in July and August. Going to the beach for Christmas to get cool, for instance, will be something in the nature of a novelty.

The trip out is quite a little jaunt; a week from New York to London; seventeen days on the Union Castle Line boat from Southampton to Capetown; and five days by rail to the town nearest the mine. You cover the final forty miles as best you can, since the railroad in to the camp is not yet completed.

The dirt road to the interior is good for motoring, except during the rainy season, when it is not good for anything. Horses, being peculiarly susceptible to sleeping sickness, are not available. Mules, however, are immune; no doubt due to the thickness of their hide, which is probably highly discouraging to the tsetse fly. Then of course there are

always elephants, giraffes and zebras. A striped riding habit athwart a zebra ought to make an effective ensemble.

Needless to say, I have not yet been to Africa; the preceding speculations have been gleaned piecemeal from those who have been, or whose friends have been, or who have heard of people who have been. It will be interesting to see how reality checks up with hearsay. The boat sails next week, and I've got my cork helmet. On to Africa-let's go!

What the Country Is Thinking

(Continued from page 783)

a sharp difference of opinion-not altogether partisan. Some regard Smith's views as derived second hand and as obviously unrelated to fact. In particular his condemnation of our policy in Nicaragua is called a blunder, in that that policy is in accord with what Wilson, whom he praises, did not only in Nicaragua but in Haiti, and is also in response to a practically unanimous request from the Nicaraguans themselves. On the other hand Smith's Latin American policy is praised as an ideal for the treatment of small nations. Beyond that except for his ignoring of the League of Nations, critical comment scarcely ventures.

Comment becomes more partisan when it touches what Smith said about the "myth" of prosperity. How can it be a "myth", it is asked, when he promises he will not disturb it?

Concerning Smith's views on immigration there is the lifting of no snickerness but at least of some eyebrows. Even the New York "World"-perhaps the leading newspaper supporter of Smith-advises him to drop his plan for favoring the newer immigration.

There is one position Smith has taken for which I find no fundamental criticism-his position on Giant Power. There is of course some superficial sneers at government ownership, and in particular at the idea that Muscle Shoals can provide cheap fertilizer; but in the main there is either favorable comment or perhaps because Hoover has not yet spoken on the subject— silence. Here it is conceded even by his foes Smith speaks out of knowledge. The nub of this is that the public (by Nation, State, or Power Authority representing a group of States) should keep its hand on the switch. When will the American people regard this as important?

What is the upshot?

man.

Smith is a politician. More than that, a master politician. More still, a master of the art of government. Is he still more? Is he a statesman? There opinions differ. Some believe he is more of a State's man than a Nation's Neighboring papers in Buffalo disagree as to whether the Smith that spoke at Albany to the Nation is the Smith that New York State knows. He has grown from the size of an Assembly district to the size of the State. Has he grown from the size of the State to the size of the Nation? The Happy Warrior is now on a bigger battlefield than any he has fought on before.

James Cannon, Jr.

(Continued from page 766)

man of the Legislative Committee of the Anti-saloon League of America. Since 1919, he has been Chairman of the Executive Committee of the World League against Alcoholism. He has gone pretty well over the world, half the way in missionary work, the other half in prohibition work.

Now let me introduce my proof that the two things mean the same to him.

Just before the Houston Convention, Bishop Cannon said:

"Wherever our church has sent out its gospel messengers, they have carried the gospel of temperance, and the disciplinary teaching and legislation is the same in America, Cuba, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan, Korea, . . Africa. Wherever Methodism goes, it joins battle at once with the common enemy of the race, the liquor traffic. In this warfare against the traffic by our missionaries, the adoption of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States came as a most powerful argument . . . To elect a man (as President) who is known to be opposed to the prohibition law, and especially a man who is known to use intoxicants habitually, would deal a staggering blow to the successful proclamation by our missionaries of the gospel of temperance and would render more difficult the work of bringing in the kingdom of our God."

If there are any who question this statement of Bishop Cannon's views, I refer them to the July number of "The Missionary Voice."

Bishop Cannon believes that the drinking of intoxicating liquor is morally wrong. He believes that he

believes so because he is a Methodist.

He cites the Methodist discipline which prohibits "drinking spirituous liquors except in cases of necessity." There are those who think that the necessity arises when a hostess offers a cocktail, but not Bishop Cannon. A strict constructionist in most things, there is little doubt that he would construe "spirituous liquors" to include wines and beer. This does not mean that he holds himself aloof from the man who takes a glass of wine. He thinks that man has broken the moral and the church law but so, he thinks, has the man who loses his temper. He is not necessarily a man to be avoided socially but he is a man not to be trusted with important public office.

This is the man who is making the most active political campaign that is being waged today in America. William Jennings Bryan in 1896 was not so active as James Cannon, Jr. is this year. But Cannon relies much less on oratory and more on organization than Bryan did.

Because he is a Southerner and a Democrat-as devotedly a Democrat as he is a missionary and a prohibitionist-Bishop Cannon is conducting his work among Southern Democrats. He believes as sincerely as he ever believed anything-and that is very sincerely that he is saving the essential Democracy of the South.

Europe and the Kellogg Treaty

(Continued from Page 768)

we do not think that this Amendment will accomplish much.

"But neither what we do about this treaty nor what we think about it is anywhere near so important as what we hope about it. As I am an unashamed optimist, I find real reason for enthusiasm over the fact that Mr. Kellogg has asked us to join in this treaty.

Europe hopes-and it is a matter of vast importance to us-that this treaty and the negotiations leading up to it mean that your great and so powerful country is once more showing an interest in our peace problem. You must remember that we were shell-shocked. Perhaps we exaggerated our fears that your indifference was hostility. Very often it has seemed to us not only that you would not help, but that you were opposing our efforts to get on our feet. We hope that this is a friendly gesture. We hope that through talking this over -and if it is to mean anything, we will have to talk it over frequently in the future-we'll get to understand each other better.

Of

"I suppose that every Foreign Office in the world has especially instructed. its Embassy in Washington to send it translations and surveys of your press in these last months. We have tried our best to understand the currents of public opinion in America about this treaty. Some of your editors seem to fear that Mr. Kellogg has fallen into a trap set by the wily M. Briand-they seem to think that any form of cooperation between your country and old Europe must be a disaster to you. course our view is just the opposite. We do not believe that we can stabilize peace even in Europe without some sort of sympathy, understanding and cooperation with the United States. Helpful relations might be established in a hundred different ways, and we are perfectly willing to let you choose which way. But in some way we need your encouragement and support. So, on the whole Europe is enthusiastic about the treaty, because we hope that it means the end of the estrangement between Europe and America which followed the Armistice."

In the whole country the consumption of intoxicants has fallen off by about thirty-five per cent, and in Stockholm by nearly fifty per cent. It should be borne in mind that these figures are for the whole population, and would be even more marked if account could be taken only of those who drink, moderately or immoderately.

During the early period the Swedish State derived an aggregate annual income from this traffic of about fortyeight million kronen; during the latter period the revenue amounted to about eighty-eight million kronen. It was derived from customs duties, taxes and profits on sale. The figure for the later years is about one-fifth the total revenue of the State, and is more than half the amount paid by consumers for their intoxicants.

During the earlier period convictions for drunkenness averaged about ten per thousand inhabitants; during 1925-27 they were five per thousand. For the whole of Sweden the cases of intoxication have fallen off by nearly half, and in Stockholm by seventy per cent.

The prohibition organizations admit freely that an improvement has taken place in the grosser abuses of alcohol; but they complain that the Bratt system has legalized the habit of alcohol and has tempted groups previously abstainers to learn its use. In particular it is charged that more and more women have learned to drink, and some prohibitionists in individual cases, assert that more young persons are learning.

It is true that the number of passbooks issued has risen. At the close of 1927 a million and a quarter of these were in use, which means in effect that about one person in five used alcohol in some form. To some extent this may be explained by the slight increase in population. At the same time it must be noted that, although more persons now have the right to purchase, the average of purchases for each passbook has been substantially reduced.

The visible cause of harm to women from the use of alcohol has been reduced to a greater extent than among men. During the pre-regulation period the average of women arrested in Sweden for drunkenness was 6.3 per ten thousand, while during the later period, under the Bratt system, it was two per ten thousand; in Stockholm the reduction was from 7.5 to 1.7. The re

duction of cases of drunkenness for the entire country, that is to say, was seventy per cent, and in Stockholm eighty. The reductions in the case of men are much less pronounced.

0.27.

The annual mortality from alcohol in Sweden was 2.2 per 100,000 in the 1911-13 period, while in 1922-24 (the latest figures at hand) it had fallen to In Stockholm the reduction was even more striking, from 6.8 to 0.8. The cases of insanity from alcoholism for the same period fell off for the whole country from 2.9 to 1 per 100,000 population.

In Stockholm there is a central infirmary for the treatment of alcoholics, and the records therefore are more detailed and complete than for the whole country. For the three years prior to regulation the percentage there ran from 14 to a fraction more than 17 per ten thousand of population. During the years 1925-27 these figures were 3.8 to 3.5. The difference between the two periods is nearly seventy-five per

cent.

Cases of violence attributed to alcohol decreased between these two periods from 6.3 to 3.3 per ten thousand per

sons.

It seems safe to say that the increased sobriety of Sweden is to be credited mainly to the Bratt system of restricting intoxicants. Conflicts still rage around the system, and perhaps always will, but there is no evidence that it will ever be abandoned for any other system. The partisans of prohibition are still opposed to the plan, and many who are not prohibitionists think it unnecessarily troublesome. As the injurious effects of alcohol become less and less apparent, it is likely that the latter viewpoint will gain adherents.

The system, that is to say, tends to put itself out of business, to make itself superfluous. The real problem of the future is whether, when that time comes, the habits of the Swedish people with regard to intoxicants will have undergone such a transformation as to make further legislation unnecessary, in case regulation is abolished.

"Don Giovanni”

(Continued from Page 789) graceful body which should make him. an ideal Don Giovanni. Such, however, is not the case. He seemed to have no conception of the rôle and gave no idea whatever of a grand seigneur. One kept thinking all the time what a really superb Figaro he would make (and as a matter of fact he is supposed to be extremely good in the part of that ubiquitous individual). He was amusing, wore some very beautiful costumes and used his voice very well indeed, but the dignity of the great 18th century voluptuary was woefully missing.

Fritz Krauss was a good Oktavio (the opera is sung in German here) and made the most of a voice that is not a very large one. He sang the music with style and gave a fine all round performance of this rather ungrateful rôle. Berthold Sterneck as Leporello, and August Kleffner as Masetto were satisfactory in their respective parts. Paul Bender was a most imposing Statue and quite lived up to his trombones.

Among the women, it was Felície

Hüni-Mihacsek as Donna Anna who carried off the honors. She made the part the most interesting by far of the three ladies who loved the Don not wisely but too well. Mme. HüniMihacsek uses her voice expertly and is well versed in the Mozart traditions, besides being a good actress. Hildegard Ranczak as Donna Elvira was less successful both in singing and acting, but then in our opinion Elvira was an irritating female, and we find it extremely difficult not to rejoice over the dirty tricks played on her by the Don. Martha Schellingberg was a charming. though undistinguished Zerlina, but after all that's more or less what Zerlina is supposed to be, so perhaps that lets her out.

The settings were very effective, and owing to the fact that this theatre is equipped with a revolving stage, the intermissions between the many scenes were reduced to a minimum, which considerably helps matters where this opera is concerned.

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