165 "Aut multùm quæfitus Hylas, urnamque fecutus, 170 163. Smitten Achilles.] Killed by Paris in the temple of Apollo. Is grievous to none.] Nobody will get into danger, or trouble, by writing the hiftory of this event. 164. Hylas fought after.] By Hercules when he had loft him. See Virg. Ecl. vi. 43, 44. Followed his pitcher.] With which he was fent, by Hercules, to the river Afcanius to draw fome water: where, being feen, and fallen in love with, by three river-nymphs, they pulled him into the stream. On fubjects like thefe, faith the adviser, you may say what you pleafe, and nobody will take offence; but beware of attacking the vices of living characters, however infamous or obnoxious. 165. Ardent.] Inflamed with fatiric rage against the vices of his day. 166. Raged.] Infremuit-roared aloud, in his writings, which were as terrible to the vicious, as the roaring of a lion which the verb infremo fignifies: hence Met. to rage violently, or tumultuously. Reddens.] With anger and fhame. 166-7. Frigid with crimes.] Chilled, as it were, with horror of confcience-their blood ran cold-as we should say. 167. The bofom.] Præcordia-lit. the parts about the heart-fuppofed to be the feat of moral fenfibility. Sweats.] Sweating is the effect of hard labour.-Sudant is here ufed metaphorically, to denote the state of a mind, labouring, and toiling, under the grievous burden of a guilty confcience. This image is finely used-Mat. xi. 28. 168. Anger and tears.] Anger at the fatirift-tears of vexation and forrow at being expofed. 169. Before the trumpets.] A metaphor taken from the manner of giving the fignal for battle, which was done with the found of trumpets. Think well, fays the adviser, before you found the alarm for your attack-weigh well all hazards before you begin. The helmeted, c. When once a man has gotten his helmet "Or Hylas much fought, and having followed his pitcher. "Hence anger and tears. "thyself, Therefore first revolve, with "These things in thy mind, before the trumpets: the "helmeted late of a fight "Repents." I'll try what may be allowed towards thofe, 170 Whose afhes are covered in the Flaminian and Latin way. helmet on, and advances to the combat, it is too late to change his mind. Once engaged in writing fatire, you must go through, there's no retreating. 170. I'll try, &c.] Well, fays Juvenal, fince the writing fatire on the living is fo dangerous, I'll try how far it may be allowed me to fatirize the dead. Hence he writes against no great and powerful perfon, but under the feigned name of fome vicious character that lived in past time. 171. Whofe afbes are covered.] When the bodies were confumed on the funeral pile, the afhes were put into urns and buried. The Flaminian and Latin way.] Thefe were two great roads, or ways, leading from Rome to other parts. In the via Flaminia and via Latina, the urns and remains of the nobles were buried, and had monuments erected. See Sat. v. 1. 55. Hence have been fo often found in antient Roman infcriptions on monuments-Sifte viator. It was ordered by the law of the twelve tables, that nobody fhould be buried within the city; hence the urns of the great were buried, and their monuments were erected, on thofe celebrated roads or ways. For the Flaminian way, fee before, 1. 61, note. The Via Latina was of great extent, reaching from Rome, through many famous cities, to the fartheft part of Latium. 1 END OF THE FIRST SATIRE. SATIRA II. ARGUMENT. The Poet, in this Satire, inveighs against the hypocrify of the philofophers and priests of his time-the effeminacy of military officers-and magiftrates. Which corruption of man ULT LTRA Sauromatas fugere hinc libet, & glacialem Indocti primùm: quanquam plena omnia gypso Line 1. I could wish.] Libet-lit. it liketh me. 5 Sauromata.] A northern barbarous people: the fame with the Sarmata. Ov. Trift. ii. 198, calls them Sauromate truces. 1, 2. Icy ocean. 7.] The northern ocean, which was perpetually frozen. Lucan calls it Scythicum pontum (Pharf. 1. 1.)— Scythia bordering on its fhore. Et qua bruma rigens, & nefcia vere remitti, Aftringit Scythicum glaciali frigore pontum. The poet means, that he wishes to leave Rome, and banish himself, though to the most inhospitable regions, whenever he hears fuch hypocrites, as he afterwards defcribes, talk on the fubject of morality. 2. They dare.] i. e. As often as they have the audacity, the daring impudence, to declaim or difcourfe about morals. 3. Curii.] Curius Dentatus was thrice conful of Rome: he was remarkable for his courage, honefty, and frugality. Live (like) Bacchanals.] Their conduct is quite oppofite to their profeffion; for while they make an outward fhew of virtue and fobriety, as if they were fo many Curii, they, in truth, addict themselves to thofe debaucheries and impurities, with which the feafts of Bacchus were celebrated. These were called Bacchanalia. See them defcribed, Livy xxxix. 8. Bacchanalia I SATIRE II. ARGUMENT. ners, as well among them, as among others, and, more particularly, certain unnatural vices, be imputes to the atheism, and infidelity, which then prevailed among all ranks. Could wish to fly hence, beyond the Sauromatæ, and the icy Ocean, as often as they dare any thing concerning morals, Who feign (themselves) Curii, and live (like) Bacchanals. First they are unlearned: tho' all things full with plaster Of Chryfippus you may find: for the most perfect of these is, If any one buys Ariftotle like, or Pittacus, Bacchanalia ftands here for Bacchanalitèr. Græcifm.These are frequently found in Juvenal and Perfius. $ 4. Unlearned.] Their pretences to learning are as vain and empty, as to virtue and morality. Plafter of Chryfippus.] Gypfum fignifies any kind of parget or plafter (fomething, perhaps, like our plafter of Paris) of which images, bufts, and likeneffes of the philofophers were made, and fet up, out of a veneration to their memories, as ornaments, in the libraries and ftudies of the learned: in imitation of whom, thefe ignorant pretenders to learning and philofophy fet up the bufts and images of Chryfippus, Ariftotle, &c. that they might be fuppofed admirers and followers of thofe great men. Omnia plena-denotes the affectation of these people, in fticking up thefe images, as it were, in every corner of their houfes. Chryfippus was a ftoic philosopher, scholar to Zeno, and a great logician. 5. The most perfect of thefe.] If any one buys the likeness of Ariftotle, &c. he is ranked in the highest and most respected clafs among these people. 6. Ariftotle like An image refembling or like Ariftotle, who was the scholar of Plato, and the father of the feet called Peripatetics, Et jubet archetypos pluteum fervare Cleanthis. Peripatetics, from wegrale, circumambulo-because they difputed walking about the fchool. 6. Pittacus.] A philofopher of Mytelene. He was reckoned one of the feven wife men of Greece. 7. Cleanthes.] A ftoic philofopher, fucceffor to Zeno the founder of the fect. Original images.] Thofe which were done from the life were called Archetypi: from the Greek agx-beginning, and TUTO-form. Hence Aexilumor, Lat. Archetypus, any thing at first hand, that is, done originally. τυπος 8. No credit, &c.] There is no trufting to outward appear. ance. 9. With grave obfcenes.] i. e. Hypocrites of a fad countenance: grave and fevere as to their outward afpect, within full of the most horrid lewdnefs and obfcenities, which they practife in fecret. The poet ufes the word obfcœnis fubftantively, by which he marks them the more strongly. Doft thou reprove, &c.] Doft thou cenfure fuch filthy things (turpia) in others, who art thyself nothing but obscenity? The poet, here, by an apoftrophe, as turning the difcourse to fome particular perfon, reproves all fuch. Like St. Paul, Rom. ii. 1-3. 10. Among the Socratic, &c.] i. e. Among those, who, though infamously vicious, yet profefs to be followers, and teachers of the doctrine and difcipline of Socrates, who was the firft and great teacher of ethics or moral philofophy. But it is not improbable, that the poet, here, glances at the incontinence which was charged on Socrates himself. See Farnaby, n. on this line; and Leland on Chriftian Rev. vol. ii. p. 133-4; and Holyday, note c. 12. I would here, once for all, advertise the reader, that, in |