them not naked and unarmed, but fortified by the body and blood of Christ.(m) -For how can we urge them to shed their own blood, if we refuse them the blood of Chirst? Or how do we fit them for the cup of martyrdom, unless we first admit them in the church to partake of the chalice of the Lord?" Ep. lvii. p. 117.-" When the Lord called the bread his body, which bread is formed of many grains, he indicated the union of his people; and calling the wine his blood, which is pressed from many grapes, he signified the conjunction of his flock." Ep. lxix. p. 182.

CENT. IV.

COUNCIL OF NICE, G. C.

Condemning an abuse, which had crept in, that deacons in some places, administered the Eucharist to priests, the council says, "that neither canon, nor custom, has taught, that they (deacons), who have themselves no power to offer, should give the body of Christ to them that possess that power." ·"(n) Can. xviii. Conc. Gen. T. ii. p. 38.

JUVENCUS, L. C.

Speaking of the institution of the Eucharist, he says

(m) Protectione sanguinis et corporis Christi muniamus.

(0) He was a native of Spain and a priest, and has left us the

Life of Christ in hexameter verse.

329, under Constantine the Great.

He flourished about the year

"Christ taught his disciples, that he delivered to them his own body;" and when he gave them the chalice, “he taught them, that he had distributed to them his blood: and said; This blood remits the sins of the people: drink this, it is mine." Bibl. Max. PP. T. iv.

(9)

P. 74.

EUSEBIUS OF CESAREA, G. C.

"Since then, as the New Testament establishes, we have been instructed to celebrate the memory of this sacrifice of his body and of his saving blood," again we are taught by the prophet David to say: Thou hast prepared a table before me. (Ps. 22.) In these things he openly signifies a mystical unction, and the august offerings of the table of Christ, by which we have learnt to offer to our supreme Lord, through the hand of this great highpriest, unbloody, rational, and benignant sacrifices." (") Dem. Evang. L. 1. c. x. p. 39.—" He shall have delight in the Lord, whose mind being purged from all defilement, shall eat the living bread, the life-giving flesh of the Lord, and drink his saving blood.") Com. in Psal. xxx. v. 1.

(p) Discipulos docuit proprium se tradere corpus ; Edocuitque suum se divisisse cruorem.

Atque ait: Hic sanguis populi delicta remittit:

Hunc potate meum.—

(9) Eusebius was bishop of Cæsarea, in Palestine, and the confidential friend of Constantine the Great. Besides an Ecclesiastical History, in ten books, he is the author of other valuable works, some of which are extant. He died in the year. 338.

(*) τουτε σώματος αυτῳ και του ασωτηριου ιματος.

(*) τας άναιμους και λογικας, αυτῳ τε προσηνεις θυσίας.

(*) έσθειν τον ψωντα άρτον και τας ζωοποιους άντου σαρκας, πίνειν τε το σωτήριον αυτου αιμα.

T. ii. pa. 149. Collect. Nova Montfaucon. Paris. 1706."We, who by faith are called to sanctification, possess the bread from heaven; that is, Christ, or his body. (") Should it be asked, what the power of that body is? we answer: It is vivifying, because it gives life to the world." Com. in c. iii. Isa. p. 368. Ibid.

ST. ATHANASIUS,(*) G. C.

"Our Sanctuaries are now pure, as they always were; having been rendered venerable by the blood alone of Christ, and embellished by his worship." Apol. adv. Arian. T. 1. p. 127. "Take care then, O Deacon, not to give to the unworthy the blood of the immaculate body, (*) lest you incur the guilt of giving holy things to dogs." Serm. de Incontam. Myst. T. ii. p. 35. Collect. Nova. Montfaucon.-Parisiis, 1706.

S. HILARY, L. C.

"If the word, truly, was made flesh, and we, truly, re

(*) τουτεστι Κριστον, ήτοι το σωμα άντου.

(x) St. Athanasius succeeded St. Alexander in the patriarchal chair of Alexandria, in 326, and inherited all his zeal against the Arians. He was one of the most eloquent fathers of the church, and the most strenuous supporter of her faith during a period of forty-seven years. He died about the year 373, leaving us many monuments of his erudition, piety, and zeal.

(y)

μονῳ σεμνυνόμενα τῳ αιματι του Κριστου. (2) την πορφυραν του αναμαρτητου σώματος.

(a) St. Hilary was bishop of Poitiers, in France, and the great champion of the orthodox faith in the western church, against the

ceive this word for our food:( how can he be thought not to dwell naturally in us, who assumed the nature of our flesh inseparably united to him, and communicates, in the sacrament, that nature to us? For thus, we are all one: because the Father is in Christ, and Christ in us.We are not to speak of heavenly things as we do of human. Of the natural verity of Christ in us, whatever we speak, we speak foolishly and wickedly, unless we learn of him; for it is he that said: my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. (John. vi. 56.) There is no place left to doubt of the truth of Christ's flesh and blood:(d) for now, by the profession of the Lord himself, and according to our belief, it is truly flesh, and truly blood. But he himself attests how we are in him by the sacramental communication of his body and blood: And the world, says he, sees me not, but you see me, because I live and you shall live; for I am in my father, and you are in me, and I am in you. (John xiv. 19, 20.) If he wished the unity of will alone to be understood, why would he establish a certain order and progression in the formation of it; but that he should be in the father, by the nature of the divinity; we in him, by his corporal birth; and he in us by the sacramental mystery." De Trin. L. viii. p. 954, 955, 956.

Arian heretics. He wrote a work, in twelve books, On the Trinity; a Treatise on Synods or Councils; and three Discourses against the Arians, addressed to the emperor Constantine. St. Hilary died in the year 367.

(6) Verbum carnem cibo dominico sumimus.

(c) Non est humano aut sæculi sensu in Dei rebus loquendum. (d) De veritate carnis et sanguinis non relictus est ambigendi locus.

ST. JAMES OF NISIBIS, G. C.

In his fourth discourse, On Prayer, he says: "None will be cleansed unless they have been washed in the laver of baptism, and have received the body and blood of Christ; for the blood is expiated by this blood, and the body cleansed by this body.-Be assiduous in holy prayer, and in the beginning of all prayer place that which the Lord hath taught us. When you pray, always remember your friends, and me a sinner," &c.

(e) St. James was bishop of Nisibis in Mesopotamia, and was held in much estimation by his contemporaries. He was present at the council of Nice in 325, and died about the year 350. His works, mentioned by Gennadius in the fifth century, were published at Rome in Armenian and Latin, by Antonelli, in 1756. It is to be lamented, that in the course of collating with the original works, the different passages extracted from the various fathers, the editors were unable, at that time, notwithstanding a most diligent search, to find a single copy of this father's writings in England; and have, therefore, been obliged (in this single instance) to depend on the authority of a most learned and laborious author, (noted, however, for his scrupulous accuracy), for the extract they have given; viz. the Rev. Alban Butler, who in his life of this saint, July 11th, quotes it at length from Antonelli's edition.

N.B. I have just learned that a copy of this work has lately found its way into this country, and is now in the Collegiate Library at Manchester.