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This was promised by certain signs: but when the promised truth came, the signs were taken away. In this body we subsist; of this body we are made partakers; (i) we know what we receive." In Psal. xxxix. Ibid. p. 142, 143.-" Christ took upon him earth from the earth; because flesh is from the earth, and this flesh he took from the flesh of Mary and because he here walked in this flesh, even this same flesh he gave to us to eat for our salvation ;(*) but no one eateth this flesh, without having first adored it; and not only we do not sin by adoring, but we even sin by not adoring it." But is it the flesh that quickeneth? The Lord even, in exalting this earth to us, informs us, that it is the spirit that quickeneth, and that the flesh profiteth nothing. Wherefore in abasing yourself, and in casting yourself down before any matter whatever, consider it not as matter, but consider in it that Holy one, of whom the body, which you adore, is the footstool. For it is for his sake that you adore it." In Psal. xcviii. Ibid. p. 452.-" The man Christ Jesus, though in the form of God, he receive sacrifice with his father, with whom he is one God, yet in the form of a servant he chose rather to be himself the sacrifice than to receive it; lest, even on this occasion, any one should imagine, that sacrifice might be offered to a creature. Thus is he the priest, himself offering, and himself the victim. It was his will, that the Church's sacrifice should be the daily sacrament of this oblation;(m) which Church, as it is the body united to its

(Hujus corporis participes sumus.

(*) Et ipsam carnem nobis manducandam ad salutem dedit. (2) Nisi prius adoraverit―et non solum non peccemus

sed peccemus non adorando.

adorando,

(m) Per hoc et sacerdos est; ipse offerens, ipse et oblatio.—Cujus rei sacramentum quotidianum esse voluit Ecclesiæ sacrificium.

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head, learns to offer herself through him. The ancient sacrifices of the Saints were the manifold and various signs of this true sacrifice.-And to this high and true sacrifice all others gave way." De Civit. Dei, L. x. c. 20, T. v. p. 605.-Speaking of the Jews converted by S. Peter, he says: They were converted; they were baptised; they approached to the table of the Lord; and now believing, they drank that blood, which in their rage they had shed."(") Serm. lxxvii. De Verb. Evang. T. v. p. 420. Ed. Bened. Paris. 1679.-" You ought to understand what you have received; what you are about to receive; and what you ought every day to receive. The bread that you behold on the altar, sanctified by the word of God, is the body of Christ. That cup-that which the cup contains, sanctified by the word of God, is the blood of Christ.) By these the Lord was willing to set forth his body and that blood which he shed for us for the remission of sins." Serm. ccxxvii. al. lxxxiii. In die Pasch. ad Infantes. T. x. p. 555. Edit. Paris. 1614.-" We receive with a faithful heart and mouth, the mediator of God and man, the man Christ Jesus; who has given us his body to eat, and his blood to drink; although it may appear more horrible to eat the flesh of a man than to destroy it, and to drink human blood than to spill it."(P) Contra Advers. Legis, L. ii. c. ix. T. vi. p. 264.-" We have heard our master, our divine Redeemer, recommending to us the price of our redemption-his own blood. For he spoke to us of his body and blood: his

(") Sanguinem, quem sævientes fuderunt, credentes biberunt. (0) Panis ille, quem videtis in altari, corpus est Christi. Calix ille-immo quod habet calix, sanguis Christi est.

(p) Quamvis horribiliùs videatur humanam carnem manducare, quam perimere, et humanum sanguinem potare, quam fundere.

APPENDIX.

LIBRARY

OF THE

UNIVERSITY

CALIFORNIA

body, he said, was food; his blood was drink. (9) They who believe, acknowledge here the sacrament of believers. But some were scandalised, saying, This is hard; who can hear it? Jesus answered: Doth this scandalise you? If then you shall see the son of man ascend up where he was before? (John vi.) What does this mean, doth this scandalise you? Did you think, that I was going to divide into parts this body that you see: to cut these members, and give them to you? What then if you shall see the Son of man ascending where he was before? Truly, he that could ascend entire, could not be consumed. Wherefore of this body and blood he gave us a salutary banquet,() and, in a few words, solved the question concerning the entireness of his body.-Eat then what is life; drink what is life, and thou shalt have life. And this will be, that is, the body and blood of Christ will be life to each one, if what is visibly taken in the sacrament, be truly eaten spiritually, and drunken spiritually. For we have heard the Lord himself declare: It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing. The words that I have spoken to you, are spirit and life. (John vi.) But some say, This is hard; who can hear it? It is hard to the hard, that is, it is incredible to the incredulous.”(s) Verbis Apostoli, Serm. ii. T. x. p. 94.-" In what sense do we understand the words of Christ: He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, abideth in me, and I in him? (John vi.) Can we extend this to those, of whom the

De

(4) Locutus est nobis de corpore et sanguine suo: corpus dixit escam, sanguinem potum.

*) De corpore ac sanguine suo dedit nobis salubrem refectionem. (*) Durus est, sed duris; hoc est, incredibilis, sed incredulis.

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apostle says, that they eat and drink judgment to themselves, although they eat the very flesh, and drink the very blood of Jesus Christ? Shall we likewise say that Judas, who betrayed his master, abode in Christ and Christ in him, because with the other disciples he partook of the first sacrament made by the hands of Christ himself? Shall we say that they who eat and drink with a hypocritical heart, or who afterwards apostatize, abide in Christ and he in them? There is a way of eating this flesh and drinking this blood, of which it is true to say, that he who thus eats and drinks, abideth in Jesus Christ, and he in him. To this way our Saviour directed his view." Serm. xi. de Verbis Dom. T. x. p. 18.-" To abide in Christ, and to have him abiding in us, this is to eat that food, and drink that drink. Wherefore, he that abideth not in Christ, and has not Christ abiding in him, plainly eats not spiritually his flesh, nor drinks his blood; although carnally and visibly he press with his teeth the sacrament of the body and blood of Christ: he rather eats and drinks judgment to himself." Tract. xxvi. in Ioan T. ix. p. 94.-" Our Saviour taught us this in mystic wordsbut many who were present not understanding this, were scandalized; for hearing him, they thought of nothing but their own flesh.-He therefore said, The flesh profiteth nothing; that is, it profiteth nothing as they understood it; for they understood it to mean flesh as it is in a dead body, or as it is sold in the market, not as animated by life."(") Tract. xxvii. Ibid. p. 95, 96.-Speaking of his

Cum ipsam carnem manducent, et ipsum sanguinem. () Carnem sic intellexerunt, quomodo in cadavere dilaniatur, aut in macello venditur; non quomodo spiritu vegetatur.

mother's death, he says: "She desired that remembrance of her should be made at the altar, a service which on no day she had omitted; knowing that thence was dispensed the holy victim, by which the hand-writing against us had been blotted out." L. ix. Confess. c. 13. T. 1. p. 69.

S. CYRIL OF ALEXANDRIA,(*)

"I am the living bread that came down from heaven. (John vi, 51.) The manna, he says, was the type, was the shadow, and the image. He aragain how openly and plainly he speaks: I am the living bread; if any one shall eat of this bread, he shall live for ever. They that ate of the manna are dead, because it gave not life. He that eats this bread, that is, me or my flesh, shall live for ever."() Comment. in Ioan. L. iv. T. iv. p. 352.-" Our Lord Jesus, by his own flesh,(2) gives life to us, and inserts, as it were, in us the seed of immortality, destroying all the corruption that is in us.-And his blood is not that of any common man, but the natural blood of life itself.(«) Wherefore, receiving the Son within us, we are called the body and members of Christ." Ibid. p. 363, 364.—“ For he that eateth my flesh and drinketh my blood, abideth in me, and I in him. (John vi. 56.) As he that joins wax to

(*) St. Cyril of Jerusalem was patriarch of Jerusalem, and died about the year 385. The works, which he has left, in twentythree Catechetical Discourses, form a full and very accurate abridgment of Christian doctrine.

(9) τοτ' ἐστιν ἐμε, ήτοι την σαρκα την έμην.

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(α) αιμα γαρ ἐστιν οὐχ ἑνος των τυχοντων ἁπλως, ἀλλ' ἀυτης της κατα φυσιν ζωης.

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