so blundering as to demand an account at my hands.

But whatever a Minister can be accountable for, make of that the strictest scrutiny, and I do not object. What, then, falls within this description? To descry events in their first beginnings, to oast his look forward, and to warn others of their approach: all this I have done. Then to confine within the narrowest bounds all delays and backwardness, ignorance and contentiousness-faults which are inherent and unavoidable in all States; and, on the other hand, to promote unanimity, and friendly dispositions, and zeal in the performance of public duty :-and all these things I likewise did; nor can any man point out any of them that, so far as depended on me, was left undone.

If, then, it should be asked by what means Philip for the most part succeeded in his operations, every one would answer, "By his army, by his largesses, by corrupting those at the head of affairs. Well, then, I neither had armies nor did I command them; and therefore the argument respecting military operations cannot touch me. Nay, in so far as I was inaccessible to his bribes, there I conquered Philip! For, as he who buys up any one overcomes him who has received the price and sold himself, so he who will not take the money, nor consent to be bribed, has conquered the bidder. Thus, as far as I am concerned, this country stands unconquered. These, and such as these-besides many others are the grounds which I furnished in justification of Ctesiphon's Decree in my favor.

SUMMATION OF DEMOSTHENES' ADMINISTRATION.

This repair of the walls and the fosses which you revile, I deem to merit favor and commendation: wherefore should I not? Yet, I certainly place this far below my administration of public affairs. For I have not fortified Athens with stone walls and tiled roofs: no, not I Neither is it on deeds like these that I plume myself. But would you justly estimate my outworks, you will find armaments, and cities, and settlements, and harbors, and fleets, and cavalry, and armies to defend us. These are the defenses that I drew around Attica, as far as human prudence could defend her; and with such outworks as these I fortified

the country at large-not the mere circuit of the arsenal and city.

Nor was it I that succumbed to Philip's policy and his arms: very far otherwise! but the captains and forces of your allies yielded to his fortune. What are the proofs of it? They are manifest and plain, and you shall see them. For what was the part of a patriotic citizen? What the part of him who would serve his country with all earnestness, and zeal, and honesty of purpose? Was it not to cover Attica-on the seaboard with Euboea, inland with Boeotia, on the Peloponnesus with the adjoining territories? Was it not to provide for making the corn-trade secure, that every coast our ships sailed along, till they reached the Piræus, might be friendly to us? Was it not to save some points of our dominion-such as Preconnesus, the Chersonese, Tenedos by dispatching succors, and making the necessary statements, and proposing the fit decrees? Was it not to secure from the first the co-operation and alliance of other States? Was it not to wrest from the. enemy his principal forces? Was it not to supply what this country most wanted? Then all these things were effected by my decrees and my measures. All these things, Athenians-if any one chooses to examine the matter without prejudice he will find both correctly advised by me, and executed with perfect integrity; and that no opportunity was lost by me, through carelessness, or through ignorance, or through treachery nor anything neglected which it could fall within the power and the wisdom of one man to do.

But if the favor of some Deity, or of Fortune, or the remissness of commanders, or the wickedness of traitors-like you, Eschines-in different States, or if all these causes together, have embarrassed our whole affairs, and brought them to ruin-wherein has Demosthenes been to blame? But if there had been found in any Greek State one man such as I have been in my sphere among yourather, if Thessaly had only possessed a single man, and if Arcadia had possessed any one of the same principles with menone of all the Greeks, whether within Thermopylae or without, would have been suffering their present miseries; but all remaining free and independent, and secure from alarm, would in perfect tran