The Claims of the Sabbath against the Assumptions of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, respecting the Opening of Public Libraries, Reading Rooms, and Public Galleries on the Lord's Day. By MCKAY. For sale by the American News Co., 115 Nassau St., N. Y.

The Building of the University, delivered at Oakland, Nov. 7th, 1872, by DANIEL C. GILMAN, President of the University of California, evinces a worthy conception of the great enterprise of building a University, and the requisites to its success. The relations of religion to a State University are discussed with ability.

George Paull; or Benita, West Africa. A Memoir. By the Rev. SAMUEL WILSON, D.D. Presbyterian Board of Publication. A biography of a young Missionary of high promise, who died at the early age of 28. It is made up chiefly of his letters, and besides the view given of the subject, throws light on his missionary work and field. The Board have also issued— Trye's Year among the Hindoos. By JULIA CARRIE THOMPSON. Notices of the following books deferred:

By

Humanity Immortal; or Man Tried, Fallen, and Redeemed. LAURENS P. HICKOK, D.D., LL.D. Boston: Lee & Shepard. New York: Lee, Shepard & Dillingham.

Enigmas of Life. By W. R. GREG.

Boston: James R. Osgood & Co.

How I Found Livingstone: Travels, Adventures and Discoveries in Central Africa. By HENRY M. STANLEY. New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Co.

ART. XIII.—THEOLOGICAL AND LITERARY INTELLIGENCE.

GERMANY.

In the Studien und Kritiken, Part II., 1873, C. L. Leimbach has a learned account of the early Christian poet, Arator, (born about 490, in Liguria, died about 555 or 560-the dates are uncertain), who held high offices under the Gothic King Athalarich, and afterwards received the tonsure at Rome. He has been almost unnoticed in the recent works of Church History. The last edition of his writings was by Arutzen, at Zütphen, 1769. His chief work is the Acts of the Apostles, dedicated to Pope Vigilius. It is "A Practical Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles in a Poetic Garb," and shows considerable mastery of the forms of Latin poetry. His other writings are three epistles to Florianus, Vigilius and Parthenius; the latter led him to the study of Cæsar, Horace and Virgil. His work on the Acts is in two books, in the first of which Peter is prominent, in the second Paul is the hero. Much doctrinal matter is interwoven into the epic; for example, on the Trinity, of which Aratis is a zealous defender against the Arian and Sabellian heresies. The essay of Leimbach is interesting, and seems to exhaust the subject. The second article is by Vogt, on "the Heavenly (Spiritual) Body”—as growing out of the formative bodily principle, not made up of the constituents of our earthly bodies. Michelsen continues his examination of certain parallel passages in the New Testament (Acts xvii. 31; x. 34, 35: Rom. xv. 16; i. 17 to ii. 16). Krauss

and Rosch contribute reviews on Keim's " "History of Jesus." The latter gives a good summary of Keim's first volume: both dissent from some of the main positions of Keim, especially as to Christ's being in essence only human.

Farbücher für deutsche Theologie. Parts III & IV, 1872. Palmer on the Application of Biblical Prophecies to Passing Events-a wise discussion of the subject; Schmidt, the Resurrection of Christ and its Importance in Connection with his Person and Work, with respect to Keim's views in his "Life of Jesus;" Heman, Schleiermacher's Idea of the Highest Good and of the object of moral action; Wuzsacker, the Papal Elections from 1059 to 1130; Krauss, the Mediatorial Office according to the Scheme of the Humus Triple—a very valuable essay, giving the history of the Three Offices of Christ in Christian Theology, and showing the important part which Calvin had in establishing it so firmly in modern theology, and exhibiting its importance in the system; Beader, Schleiermacher's Doctrine respecting God in its Relations to Philosophy and Theology.

Historische Zeitschrift, herausg. von H. von Sybel. No. I., 1873. 1. R. Pauli, the Policy of William the Conqueror. 2. E. Fenerlein, Dante and the Two Confessions. 3. A. Gædeke, The Mission of Count Louis Aloys von Harrach to the Spanish Court, 1697-8. 4. Max Lehmann, The War of 1870 to the Investment of Metz, from French Sources. The essay on Dante by Fenerlein is an admirable summary of his relations to the Roman Church of his times, and of his anticipations of a higher form of truth and piety realized in the Reformation. Among the book notices is one of a recent work by a jurist, Heinrich Brenner, on the "Origin of Trial by Jury" (pp. 472, Berlin, Weidmann), which is said to be very able and learned; and which, it is asserted, settles the long contested question as to the origin of this mode of trial. It has been claimed by Anglo-Saxons, Anglo-Normans, Scandinavians, Franks, and Slaves; some have derived it from the Roman law, others from the canon law, and even from Oriental law. Brenner finds its origin among the Franks, in the so-called "proof by inquisition."

The second part of the Zeitschrift f. d. historische Theologie, 1873, contains a valuable and learned essay of a hundred pages, by G. N. Bouwetsch, pastor at Norka, in Russia, on the disputed and difficult question of the Disciplina Arcani of the ancient church. The literature and theories are thoroughly reviewed; also its supposed connexion with the ancient mysteries and with the pretended transmission of the mysteries of the faith. He finds the first use of the phrase somewhat earlier than is usually given-viz. in the work of Dallacus, on Dionysius the Areopagite, etc., Geneva, 1644. His general view (in agreement with Harnack) is, that this secret discipline is more than a transient phenomenon of the earlier centuries, and had a much wider scope than mere catechetical instruction. It sprung up with the legal priestly and ascetic tendencies, which began so early in the church. The "mysteries" of worship were closely connected with "the legal dualism made first between the baptized and unbaptized, and then between clergy and laity ”—in the times of Tertullian and Cyprian. It prevailed in the Roman Catholic church, and was dispelled only by the Reformation, which brought all Christian truth into the light of day.

Dr. J. H. Plath, "Confucius and his Disciples, their Lives and Opinions;" from the proceedings of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences. The second part, recently published, contains the life of Confucius from Chinese sources, with accounts of the Chinese classics, and what Confucius did for them.

Dr. Gideon Spicker's "Philosophy of the Earl of Shaftesbury" (p. 367 Freiburg) is published under the auspices of the Munich University, and belongs to a series, set on foot by Prof. T. Huber, (the old Catholic) to make the Germans better acquainted with English philosophy. Kant influenced Hume; Clarke, Herbert; and Herder was indebted to Shaftesbury. Iodl's "Life and Philosophy of David Hume," is another of these works; it received a prize from the University. But the most important German work on some of the English speculations is Baumann's "Doctrine of Space, Time and Mathematics in the later Philosophy," 2 vols., Leipsic, 1868-9. It gives a full analysis of the systems of Suarez, Descartes, Spinoza, Hobbes, Locke, Newton, Leibnitz, G. Clarke, Berkeley, and Hume-especially in their metaphysics about space and time. Newton's Principia have been translated (Berlin, 1872) by Dr. J. Ph. Wolfers, with notes and explanations, pp. 666. H. Wuttke, "The Origin of Writing, from Tattooing to the Electric Cables," vol. I. (p. 782), the writing of the non-alphabetic nations. This work is laid out on a large plan, and has an abundance of materials; the first volume comes down to the Phoenicians, not including them. The Egyptian, Chinese and Japanese methods are fully treated.

The Neue Evangelische Zeitung, of Berlin, says that one Dr. Specht, of Gotha, "an atheist, has lately received the degree of Doctor of Theology from Philadelphia." He publishes an infidel journal and a calendar, which excludes all Christian names, (that of Jesus is marked with a sign of interrogation), and puts in Buddha, Zoroaster, Mohammed, Karl Vogt, Anacreon, Robespierre, Voltaire, and such like.

Among the German works announced for publication are: K. Braune, The Reformation and the Three Reformers; F. Hunnius, Life of Fenelon; Herm. Opitz, The System of Paul in his Epistles; Th. Zahn, Ignatius of Antioch; a second edition of Tholuck on the Psalms; Neander's Church History, in nine volumes, a new, cheap edition, at a thaler per volume.

H. L. Strack, Prolegomena Critica in Vetus Testamentum Hebraicum. Leipsic : Hinrichs. This work, now completed, gives an accurate account of all the known MSS. of the Hebrew Scriptures, noticing those now lost; and contains an essay on the text as it was in the lines of the Talmudists.

A defense of the "Ecclesiastical Policy of the House of Brandenburg," vol I., has been published by Dr. Friedrich Brandes. It advocates the union of the Lutheran and Reformed Churches as a wise policy. The complete works of Leopold v. Ranke are to be published in a new edition, 40 vols. The third part of the second volume of Bursian's "Geography of Greece" has appeared. Merivale's "History of the Romans under the Empire" has been translated into German. C. Twesten, "The Religious, Political and Social Ideas of the Asiatic Empires, and of the Egyptians, in their Historical Development," 2 vols., Berlin. A new edition of Volckmann's "Life, Writings and Philosophy of Plutarch of Chæronea." E. Dummler, "Anselm the Peripatetic, and other Contributions to the Literary History of Italy in the 11th Century." Eugen Jäger, "Modern Socialism; Karl Marx; The International; Lasalle and German Socialists." Berlin.

Tischendorf's eighth edition of the text of the Greek New Testament is now complete in two vols., pp. 990, 1050. It costs fourteen dollars, gold. A supplementary volume will contain the Prolegomena, with additions and connections.

Prof. Dieterici, distinguished for his Arabic studies, has published a volume on

"The Doctrine about the Soul of the World in the Arabic Philosophers of the Tenth Century," pp. 207.

HOLLAND.

C. O. Tiele has written a comparative history of the Egyptian and Mesopotamian Religions (Amsterdam); it is said to be especially full on the Phoenicia and Canaan. A Dutch philosopher, Dr. Van der Wijck of Groningen, has published a psychology. While allowing all due value to physical researches, he contends for the valid being of the soul. He combines the careful investigation of the materializing psychologists, like Bain, with the idealistic theories of Lotze. The second part of his work will be on the Intellect and Feelings, and the Will. His general view of the relation of body and soul is given in the proposition that, "Idealism is the only hypothesis regarding the union of the soul and the body, which agrees with the facts, and is correctly deduced from them." "The soul is always the reverse, the other, but never the product of the external phenomena.”—Academy.

The Dutch Church is now agitated by questions that have sprung up in consequence of measures adopted by the National Synod of 1872 (consisting of 16 members, deputies from the provincial bodies), which tend to relax the rules of the church in respect to the Lord's Supper, confirmation, the baptismal formula, and some other points. The alterations were made in the interest of the laxer (or liberal) party in the church.

The Hague Society for the Defense of the Christian Religion has assigned a prize for an essay on the Nature of Humanity, (in the widest sense), to Julius Hartman, pastor in Wirtemberg. It discusses the question of the relation of Humanity to Christianity and to religion in general. The Society proposes for future prizes the question of Papal Infallibility, and the probable effects of the new dogma; the His tory of Missions as related to the universal diffusion of Christianity; a Criticism of the Philosophical Pessimism of Later Times (Schopenhauer, Hartmann); a popular account of Recent Ethical Systems in their bearings on Christianity; Darwinianism in Relation to Religion and Christianity. Other subjects previously proposed, and not yet decided upon, are-Man's Right to Freedom of Conscience; Jesuitism; Social Tendencies; Confessionalism in the Dutch Reformed Church; and the Influence of Philosophical Systems on Christian Theology in Holland.

The Tyler Theological Society of Haarlem proposes the following subjects: What does Ethnology, in its present state, teach as to Man's Capacity for Religion? A History and Criticism of the Maxim,—“A Free Church in a Free State;” and, The Relation of the Dogmas of Protestant Churches to the Pauline Doctrines.

FRANCE.

Revue des deux Mondes, 1873, Jan., Feb. Among the most valuable articles are, M. Fouqué, The Geology of the Azores, two parts; M. H. Blerzy, The Russian Railroads; Louis Etienne on Carlyle's Frederick II., Brazil and the Republic of Plata since the War; G. de Molinari, The Conditions of the Existence of the Republic; M. Alexandre Ribot, The Penitentiary System of England,-Transportation and Government of Prisons; Madame Dora d'Istria, The Popular Poetry of the Oriental Turks; An admirable sketch of Madame Récamier and her friends, by M. Guizot; M. Louis Simonin, The Old Bankers of Florence; M. Henri Baudrillat, of he Institute, an excellent account of Proudhon's theories, (viz., "Property is Theft," and "God is the Evil"), on the basis of Sainte-Beuve's Life of Proudhon; The

Schools of Paris, by Maxime du Camp; The Problem of Final Causes and Contemporary Physiology, by Paul Janet, of the Institute,—an admirable defence of design in nature, well worthy of being translated.

The "Tablettes Historiques du Protestantisme Français," by A. Racine-Brand, formerly editor of the Bulletin du Monde Chrétien, contains a statistical summary of the French Protestant churches, in a handsome volume of 388 pages, published by Grassart, Paris. It gives an account of the present condition of the Reformed, Lutheran, and Independent churches, their various religious and charitable associations, hospitals, together with a neology and Prostestant bibliography. These Tablettes take the place of the Bulletin, mentioned above. Le Christianisme au XIX Siècle, is the official organ of the Reformed Church, in place of the Espérance, which is discontinued. The Lutheran Church is represented by Le Témoignage, edited by Felix Kuhn.

A new work by Guizot is announced: " Empire, Hereditary Monarchy, Constitutional Monarchy, Republic."

ENGLAND.

The Messrs. Clark, of Edinburgh, have brought their very valuable "AnteNicene Library" to completion by the publication of the 23rd volume, containing Origen against Celsus, and the 24th, made up of the Early Liturgies, (James, Mark, that of the Holy Apostles, and of the Blessed Apostles); to which are added a few Syriac Documents and Fragments from Clement of Alexandria and others. It is encouraging that so important a work has been so well sustained. The proposed "Homilies of Origen" will be published if sufficient support can be obtained. Meanwhile the indefatigable publishers are going on with the Works of St. Augustine, and have in contemplation a uniform translation of the Works of Chrysostom, in addition to the annual series of their Foreign Theological Library. All of these are works of permanent value, and their circulation in this country is increasing. An index volume of the whole Ante-Nicene Library is in preparation. Delitzsch on Genesis is also announced by the Clarks.

The death is announced of Dr. Edwin Norris, one of the founders of Assyriology. It was he who first assisted Sir Henry Rawlinson in bringing out, through the liberality of the Trustees of the British Museum, the first two volumes of the Cuneiform Records, principally those of the British Museum, but including also many others, such as the well-kown monolith of Sargon, from Cyprus. It was he, further, who alone set to work on the laborious undertaking of compiling the first Assyrian Dictionary. He was for many years attached, in a linguistic capacity, to the India House and the Foreign Office, and held the honorary librarianship of the Asiatic Society to his death.

The subject for the Hulsean prize at Cambridge this year is, "The Epistle of Barnabas; an estimate of its historical and theological value, including an investigation of its date and authorship."

Blackwood & Sons have in preparation a volume which will be of great interest to Presbyterians-"Minutes of the Sessions of the Westminster Assembly of Divines, from Nov. 18, 1644, relating chiefly to the Formation of the Confession of Faith and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms."

A translation of the Sermons of the Russian Metropolitan, Philaretus, will soon be published.