to our home life, how shall we recompense those who gave us the sewingmachine, the harvester, the threshingmachine, the tractor, the automobile, and the method now employed in making artificial ice? The department of medicine also opens an unlimited field for invaluable service. Typhoid and yellow fever are not feared as they once were. Diphtheria and pneumonia have been robbed of some of their terrors, and a high place on the scroll of fame still awaits the discoverer of remedies for arthritis, cancer, tuberculosis, and other dread diseases to which mankind is heir.

It requires a great stretch of the imagination to consider my young friend John Scopes a scientist or that it was "science" for a twenty-four-year-old boy, just barely out of school, a director of athletics, to teach fourteen-year-old children

I

certain theories of biology and evolution that would impair their religion.

Biology and evolution can, and are, being taught without damaging the faith of the pupils.

PATRICK HENRY CALLAHAN.
Louisville, Kentucky.

[Apparently the only scientist whom Mr. Callahan or Mr. Bryan recognizes is the practitioner of applied science, one who employs knowledge of the laws of nature for the devising of something useful; and both apparently ignore the scientist whose aim is, not to provide for the comfort of man, but to search for the truth as it is found in the laws of nature and who is guided in his search by that consideration which has been finely phrased by Cardinal Hayes: "Truth, always, everywhere, at any cost."-THE EDITORS.]

READ with interest the letter of a Methodist minister in your current issue in answer to an interesting article of yours in a previous number. One is amazed at its uncharitable tone. Is this the fruit, one asks, of a religion that believes that Christianity is a life rather than a creed? We Catholics have, without protest, been "listening in" for years to Protestant expositions of Christianity, but when we dare to say a word ourselves we are assailed with abuse. And this from men who claim to be broad-minded. There is food for thought here.

As to the discussion, the real question is surely this, "Has science demonstrated the falsity of a single dogma of the Catholic creed?" To which may be added the further question, "Can it?" Catholics deny that it has, and they deny that it can. They believe that faith and science are like parallel lines that do not meet within the bounds of human experience. If they are wrong, the burden of proof lies upon the objectors. Where and when have the objectors offered this?

On the other hand, those who think that the Protestant Church, whatever that term may mean, has changed its "views" should tell us why and when it changed them. The minister suggests that a major portion has changed them. He also suggests that every honest person should change his "views" when a majority of the greatest scientists have agreed on the truth of any scientific

proposition which supposedly contradicts Christian belief. But we may ask when the majority of scientists have done this. We may also ask who is to decide the question as to whom the term "greatest scientists" is to be applied. Are we to answer in the spirit of your correspondent, "Of course, the greatest scientists are those who are considered to be such by the major portion of the Protestant Church"?

We do not forget that the greatest scientists of earlier years believed that life was spontaneously generated from inorganic matter. They also believed that the world was flat and that the sun and the planets moved in complicated circles through the ecliptic. These beliefs were held to be proved beyond the possibility of doubt. They did not concern the truth of divine revelation, and the Church has accepted the changes of scientific thought without the accusation of dishonesty. Cardinal Hayes has only stated what has always been the attitude of Catholicism towards human learning, whether in the schools of Greek philosophy, in the schools of the Middle Ages, or in the experimental discoveries of the past three hundred years. There is nothing dishonest in the statement; it is a matter of history.

Your own suggestion that the attitude of a Catholic scientist is one of refusing to think on Sundays is a complete misunderstanding of the case, and really gives the lie to what Catholics firmly believe. When Pasteur died with the

rosary in his hands, he was not ceasing to be a scientist in order to be a Christian. He was doing what he had always done, and that is, he was confessing that the truths of Christianity lay in a different plane from the truths that could be demonstrated by experiment.

The

To instance the case of Tyrrell is anrell was not condemned for thinking; he other misconception on your part. Tyrwas condemned for denying the validity. led to skepticism, not merely in religion, of thought. His principles would have but in every kind of thinking. Tyrrell was really an enemy of science. Catholic Church has always favored rationalism rather than idealism. To say, as you are never tired of saying, that Christianity is a "life" rather than a creed is to suggest that there is no such thing as a Christian revelation, for revelation deals with truth, and truth is the object of thought.

On the other hand, it is absurd to suppose that Christianity is not a "life" as well as a "truth." The great theologians of the Catholic Church have also been great saints, not merely in the sense of being officially canonized, but in the sense of being men of singular holiness. and charity. St. Augustine, the great dogmatist, has given us the sweetest record of Christian life that has ever been penned. St. Thomas of Acquin was a poet and a humble follower of his divine Master. There is no contradiction, there is no opposition between truth and goodness. Why stress the one at the expense of the other? A man is neither all mind nor all heart. A religion of sheer sentimentalism without a rational basis will not long survive. A religion must have its dogmas; every religion has always had them. But if these dogmas are not considered to be infallibly true, then the religion will be built upon the shifting sands. The real question at issue is this, "Has God revealed himself to men?" It is shirking the issue to say that he has only revealed a "life" and no "truths."

The letter of your correspondent is unworthy. Unless he thinks that the Catholic Church is a system of fraud he would hardly have written it. And if he does think this, we can only be sorry for him, for argument is impossible.

EDWARD HAWKS.

St. Joan of Arc Rectory, Philadelphia.

B

RILLIANCY rather than finesse, the latter quite frequently a less

scintillating quality, and yet apt to be more effective in the big November encounters, has marked the first half of a season whose promise to the public has resulted in satisfying performance. Never has there been an array of schedules, bristling with intersectional games, principally between East and West, of such a popular character. There has been hardly a game so far without its thrills. And there are more to come.

Many coaches have been obliged to take long chances in their preparation in the gamble to "get by." Fortunately for many of them, the sophomore material all over the country has been exceptional, and it is the sophomore on whom one must usually bank early in the season. The tendency has been, therefore, to more freakish attack and more daring defense to meet it. In the modern game it is not the veteran who pulls the team through October, as a rule. When the seniors really swing into their stride, they are apt to eclipse the sophomores, and that may well be the case again this year.

Many of the teams had to begin where they left off last season, or at least try to begin at that point. There are a few, and Stagg's Chicago eleven is among them, who refused to be forced out of the accustomed stride by any encounter whatever. In the Western Conference, of course, every game in that organization is a "big" game, but this year there have been disturbing Eastern engagements, so that there were even more "big" games.

Teams that have had no entangling agreement as to when to begin work were

Wyckoff, of the Georgia Tech eleven

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expected to make the best October showing. The Middle-Westerners and the "Big Three" in the East have been behind in their preparations, perforce, of such elevens as Notre Dame, West Point, Navy, and others, such as Pittsburgh and Lafayette. It so happened, however,

that Notre Dame had an entire new

eleven to prepare. So that an advantage usually so important was lost to Knute Rockne, the South Bend coach. He had the misfortune to strike in October the best Army eleven under the most enlightened coaching since the war.

Rockne has nevertheless the satisfac

tion of knowing that he has markedly influenced football all over the country. What progressivism in football has been at work throughout the land, with excellent results, may be attributed in a considerable measure to men like Rockne, Robert C. Zuppke, of Illinois, Glenn Warner, now of Stanford, Dr. Wilce of Ohio State, and a few others, and many men have been following in their footsteps. It must be remembered that these men have been heading summer coaching schools, so that it is natural that their influence would spread mightily. It is worth noting that Zuppke alone has taught two thousand coaches in the course of his work at Illinois.

Fielding Yost, too, has helped many of the younger men, and by example and practice in handling his teams has aided in the general enlightenment. So it is possible to look for still further progress when the season is concluded.

So far as the season has gone, there have been certain tendencies in the play nearly everywhere which are important and which are in the line of progress. I

The Army makes a g

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New stars succeed the old temporaril

with intersectional combat, coache

shall try to put them forward with as little resort as possible to technical language, although the spread of technical knowledge of the game is one of the outstanding features of the season. You see, the present generation of football stars started its football as soon as it was able to walk, and the facilities in the

in against Notre Dame

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IRT REED

in the first half of a season that sparkles as well as players taking chances

high schools, as regards equipment, coaching, and fields, would astonish our Rip Van Winkles of the 1900's. The spread of basketball, too, has helped the football of the younger generation, and I know of schools where baseball is not played, for lack of interest.

Well, then, the first marked tendency

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Baxter, captain of the Army eleven

of the season, both on attack and defense, is the general acceptance of the theory that the game must be fought out on the flanks. Two things have contributed to this advance, which was slow but measured: first, the forward pass; second, the direct passing from the center, which has resulted in the efficacy of the shift plays. The shift plays have become more valuable because of the suddenness of the combined power and deception that can be brought to bear on the outside defense.

The principal value nowadays of the attack along interior lines lies in pressure, which means preparation for what are called the "long gainers." Occasionally so much pressure can be brought on the outside defense that it is possible to "cross the defense" and slip a man free through the center opening for a long run. This was done in the PennsylvaniaBrown game, and again in the Pennsylvania-Yale encounter. AH this is not new, of course; what is new is that one finds it the new dogma of football almost without regard to geographical location. There will still be teams that will win games by a preponderance of play along interior lines, but there will in such cases be two factors in success-marked' "power superiority" in the personnel, combined with the continued practice of deception even in the most direct of the push plays.

errors have appeared in the play of our best performers, even Pennsylvania. In a great rally against the Quakers, Yale, for instance, played some of the greatest and some of the rankest football I have ever seen. The material was there in quantities and the game was open enough to suit anybody, but in the open game perfection in individual assignments is so important that October open football suffers from the defects of its own qualities.

Naturally, this style of game, which is more than ever country-wide this season -this determination to reach a decision via the flanks-has thrown the tackles and ends more than ever into the spotlight, with the result that they are rejoicing in almost as much publicity as the backs. And, of course, even the tackle can participate in the forward pass.

This great freedom of play on the flanks has revived some old familiar names and brought to light some new ones. Of the tackles I feel that the veteran Ed Weir, of Nebraska, has already upheld his reputation. He is as great a player in his position as "Red" Grange in his. It so happened that when they met to open the season Weir had the support of a good football team and Grange had no support at all, or practically none. Failing to find any help to speak of, since Zuppke's other backs were in an early stage of instruction in the special open field blocking that is needed to fit into Grange's style, the great back undertook to sprint without. protection around the end. But, fast as he was, Weir caught him, and Weir had to disengage himself from some opposi

P. A. Photos

Pease, of the Columbia team

tion, trifling, owing to his clever use of hands and his strong stance, but still opposition. The answer was that Weir, despite his weight (around 190 pounds), is one of the fastest hurdlers in the land.

Despite early season misfortunes, Grange has held his rank, his prestige, and his popularity. I think the situation was best put by an Ohio State scout when he said: "Stopped or not, the man is a great football player. He has class, that's all. Look out for him any time and all the time."

To return now to the line, Pennsylvania's team showed probably the best October form of any of them up to the Chicago game, still to be played as this is written, and therefore her men stood out. Wilson, the captain and veteran tackle, turned in splendid football against Brown and Yale, but was eclipsed in brilliancy by the new tackle, Sieracki. I am inclined to think that Weir and Sieracki are the two best in the country so far. They are certainly the two best I have seen. Stagg has a fine pair coming along in Henderson and Hobschied.

The Army has shown a handsome pair in Sprague and Saunders; this on the strength of one game, but they are the type to continue, I think. Reeder, of Illinois, was coming along when I saw him, and may be near the top later. Richards, of Yale, and Butterworth, of the same institution, can do splendid execution. But the fight for the position at New Haven is still young.

When one takes up the ends and the backfield, one is simply smothered under the top-liners who are up there to stay

almost without question in any case. In the Middle West we have Cunningham, of Ohio State, and Lampe, of Chicago, both of the tall and heavy type; Kassel, of Illinois, a beautiful downfield man and pass receiver; Flora and Oosterbaan, of Michigan, to mention only a few. The last-named is a wonderful receiver of the pass.

Coming East, there are two splendid wing players at Pennsylvania of the slashing usual Red and Blue type, slashing usual Red and Blue type, Thayer and Singer; both the Brown ends, an institution that has turned out ends, an institution that has turned out many a good one, this time Stiffler and Broda. The Army has Baxter, the team captain, who seems headed for a splendid year.

There is Wagner at Columbia, who has not yet done himself justice, with Brady doing splendidly on the with Brady doing splendidly on the other wing.

Of the quarterbacks I have seen so far whose duties combine interference with ball passing, I like Leith, óf Pennsylvania, who, besides doing about everything, including catching and throwing the forward pass, knows his generalship; McGlone, of Harvard, whose team is not under way yet under the new system; under way yet under the new system; Friedman, of Michigan, a real wonder with the pass; Fishwick, of Yale, another with the pass; Fishwick, of Yale, another of those sophomore stars; Yeomans, of the Army: Riley, of Notre Dame; Robin Bell, of Ohio State; Abbott, of Chicago; Gallivan, of Illinois. I should certainly add Pease, of Columbia, to this list and add Pease, of Columbia, to this list and rank him close to the top had not injuries kept him out of the game with Ohio State.

In the backfield there are men who are richly maintaining a reputation of long

standing. Among these are Harry Wilson, of the Army; Wilson, of Washington; Rhodes, of Nebraska; Grange, of course; Keefer and Payor, of Brown; Kline, of Yale; Tryon, of Colgate; Kelly, of Montana; McCarty and Kernwein and Marks, of Chicago.

Then there are other favorites, new and old, such as Slagle, of Princeton; Buell and Trapnell, a speed pair at the Army; Shapley, of the Navy; Ben Cutler and Wadsworth, of Yale; Kruez, Rogers, and Fields, of Pennsylvania; Kirkleski, of Lafayette; Cheek, of Harvard; Norris and Kirchmeyer, of Columbia; and Wyckoff, of Georgia Tech, one of the very highest ranking of the lot; Gregory, of Michigan; the new sophomore star of Ohio State, Elmer Marek; Grim, of the same institution; Molenda, of Michigan.

The reason that the list is not longer and that certain other institutions have not been mentioned is that I have not heard from the scouts as yet. And the "Big Three" are really just entering their season. The Dartmouth-Harvard game should show much both individually and as far as teams are concerned, but will be played after this is written. Also guards and centers have hardly had time to make themselves at all conspicu

ous.

Certainly the game has broken about every record one can find as it reaches the half-way mark. There are bolder strokes in this modern play, even if one misses sometimes the beautiful finish of some of the late Percy Haughton's teams when they were at the height of their power.

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EFORE the Great War the North

American who wished to visit our sister republics of South America was apt to cross the Atlantic to catch his steamer in Europe, and recross it to reach his ultimate destination. He occupied nearly a month in reaching Rio de Janeiro, for example, a journey which now consumes twelve days. He sailed with an alien flag flying over him. He may now embark in New York and travel directly in comfort and some luxury to either coast of South America, and on ships of his own country.

In those days telegraph communications between the United States and South American countries were carried only by British and German cables and were relayed in England or Germany. Twenty-four thousand miles of North American cables to-day carry the news of our North American civilization to Latin America, as against twenty-five thousand miles owned in Europe and reaching the same shores. A high-power radio station now exists in the Argentine and furnishes direct service between Buenos Aires and the United States, France, England, and Germany, and indirect service to all

President of the Radio Corporation of America

parts of the civilized world. A great wireless station near Rio de Janeiro will be completed about the end of the year, giving this same service for Brazil, while about the same time a station will be erected near Santiago in Chile. Colombia has a similar outlet from Bogota through stations in Central and North America.

The flood tides of tourist travel from our country have so long set toward European and Oriental shores that South America has remained for most of us the undiscovered country. No one who visits it to-day fails to feel two regretsthe one that his visit has been so long delayed, the other that, like all things earthly, it must have its end. Whether it be the incomparable harbor of Rio de Janeiro, the fairest setting for a city that I have ever known, capital of a Brazil that is larger than Europe or the continental United States; or the great coffee State of São Paulo, with its port of Santos; or the prosperous Uruguayan city Santos; or the prosperous Uruguayan city of Montevideo; or the cosmopolitan city of Buenos Aires, with the blended influence of half a dozen European capitals evident in its architecture and its culture,

the broad Atlantic touches no shores with greater potentialities. The sweeping plains of the Argentine that stretch from north to south farther than from Hudson Bay to Key West are crossed from Buenos Aires to the foothills of the Andes by the straightest railroad in the world. For nearly two hundred miles westward from the Argentine capital the railway is a straightaway without a curve, the longest railway tangent on the earth. And when the Andes have been crossed in a train that has few rivals for luxury and none for scenery, Chile with its more purely Spanish civilization and its romantic history challenges the interest of the traveler. Chile, with its fine old city of Santiago standing on the site where Don Pedro Valdivia made his first camp in that distant winter of 1541, is, to me, more suggestive of our own land than any other state of South America. With its copper and its nitrates and its luscious fruits, Chile is the California of the southern continent. The towering heights and the everlasting snows of the Andes dominate the west coast as you steam northward toward Peru, with its great city of Lima and its romantic pre