vehicles of air

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NONDIRIGIBLE BALLOONS
66
DIRIGIBLE BALLOONS
76
Giffards Dirigible Balloon
80
Tissandiers Dirigible Balloon
81
Renards and Krebs Dirigible Balloon
82
Texture of Modern Balloon Fabrics 65
90
Curious Drag Rope of Wellman Dirigible
94
Inflation
94
Portable Balloon House Used by the French Army
95
Rigid Construction of Zeppelin Dirigible
100
Dirigible Balloon Ville de Nancy
104
Count de Lambert Piloting Wright Biplane
116
CHAPTER 3HEAVIERTHANAIR MACHINES
117
Degens Orthogonal Flier
120
Trouves Flapping Flier
121
Engine and Wing Mechanism of Hargrave Model No 18
122
HELICOPTERS
125
Collomb Ornithopter
126
Toy Helicopter
127
Toy Helicopter
128
AEROPLANE HISTORY
132
Bertin Helicopter 126
140
Le Bris Glider
155
Moys Aerial Steamer
156
CHAPTER 4AEROPLANE DETAILS
157
Flying Fish
161
Flying Frog
164
Comparison of Pterodactyl and Condor
166
MONOPLANES
167
Pressure on Vertical and Inclined Surfaces
171
43
172
Aileron Control of Farman Biplane PAGE
174
45
176
56
182
61
189
62
201
ARRANGEMENTS OF SURFACES
205
Goupy Biplane 158
208
VERTICAL SURFACES
209
METHODS OF BALANCING
215
Sliding Wing Ends
218
Swinging Wing Ends
219
Wright Flexible Elevator or Rudder
224
CONTROLLING MEANS
224
Rear Controls of Antoinette Monoplane
226
FRAMING
228
Frame of New Voisin Biplane
230
FeatheringPaddle Flying Machine
232
PartiallyHoused Paddle Wheel
233
SCREW PROPELLERS
236
Helices of Propeller Travel
239
Diagram of Propeller Pitch
240
Angle of Propeller Blade to Angle of Travel
242
Advancing and Following Surfaces
248
ThreeBladed Propeller 231
249
Chauviere Walnut Propeller 234
252
Effect of Gyroscopic Action of Single Propeller on Steering
263
Twin Wood Propellers on Single Shaft
264
Working Drawings of a Wooden Propeller
266
A TYPICAL PROPELLER
270
Templets for Securing a Desired Form in a Wooden Propeller
271
Four Cylinder Motor of Wright Biplane
272
ThreeCylinder 22Horsepower Anzani Engine
276
GASOLINE ENGINES
276
FourCylinderDoubleTwinAnzani Motor
278
Fiat and Panhard Aeronautical Motors
280
Diagram of RevolvingCylinder Motor
283
Darracq and DutheilChalmers Aeronautical Motors
284
Magnetic Plug
285
MechanicalBreak JumpSpark Ignition System
286
HotTube Ignition
287
FuelInjection Aeronautical Engine
290
Carbureter
292
Mietz and Weiss Fuel Pump
295
Silencer
296
STEAM ENGINES
299
Steam Engine for Aeronautical Use
300
Flue Boiler
302
Annular Ball Bearing
330
Full Type Annular Ball Bearing
332
FIGURE PAGE 149 Annular Ball Bearing Subjected to Thrust
334
Resultants of Load on Ball Bearing
335
ROLLER BEARINGS
339
Cylindrical Roller Bearing
340
Flexible Roller Bearing
341
Projected Area of Plain Bearing
345
MISCELLANEOUS BEARINGS
346
Bleriot XI in Flight
346
GRAVITY LUBRICATION
347
ForceFeed Lubricator
351
CHAPTER 10STARTING AND ALIGHTING
356
Wright Biplane Starting and in Flight 848
358
Wright Machine and Starting Derrick
360
Starting by Rope Attached to Stake and Wound in on Drum
364
Launching Vehicles
365
Rougiers Voisin Rising from Starting Ground
368
ALIGHTING GEARS
368
Typical Alighting Gear
368
Details of Bleriot Monoplane
369
WOODS
371
Elevating Montgomery Aeroplane with a Balloon in California in 1905
372
Alighting Gear of Farman Machine
373
BuiltUp Bamboo Spar
376
Sections of Wooden Spars
380
METALS
381
Methods of Fastening Wire Ends
386
CORDAGE AND TEXTILES
387
Texture of Modern Aeroplane Fabrics 372
392
Side View of Wright Machine
393
Antoinette Monoplanes
396
Rear View of Wright Machine
398
Curtiss Biplane 400
398
Paul Tissandier Seated in Wright Biplane 400
398
FIGURE PAGE 218 Front View of SantosDumonts BeltDriven Monoplane 426
398
Farman Biplane 404
398
Side View of Latest Curtis Biplane 436
398
Pilcher Gliders 407
398
Pilcher Glider 408
398
SantosDumonts Demoiselle in Flight 410
398
Suggested Nernst Lamp 413
398
Lens Mirror 418
398
SPEED AND DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS 420
398
Trade Winds
401
Details of Wright Strut Connections
402
Rudder Frame of Wright Machine
404
BAROMETERS 424
406
Bleriot Monoplane Number XII
408
Scale Drawings of Cody Biplane
412
APPLICATIONS
414
Scale Drawings of Farman Biplane
416
Side View of Farman Biplane
418
Locomotive Headlight
419
Maurice Farmans Biplane
420
Anemometer Speed and Distance Recorder
421
Scale Drawings of Antoinette Monoplane 397
424
Rear View of Antoinette VII
426
Side View of Bleriot XI with Wings Tied on Frame
427
RADII OF ACTION
434
Wicker Chair and Foot Control of Ailerons in Farman Biplane
440
Cockpit of Bleriot Monoplane Number XI
440
Seating Arrangement and Control System of Antoinette Monoplane
441
PARACHUTES
442
Effect of Height Upon Choice of Landing
447
TERRESTRIAL ADJUNCTS
448
United States Weather Signals
448
Wright Patent Drawings
453
Montgomery Patent Drawings
459
Chanute Patent Drawing
462
Mouillard Patent Drawing
463
GLOSSARY OF AERONAUTICAL TERMS
464
Diagrammatic Comparisons of Modern Aeroplanes
473
Flights over English Channel
474
Map Showing Principal Zeppelin Flights
475
Flight of Paulhan and GrahameWhite London to Manchester
476
TABULAR HISTORY OF FLIGHTS
480
Atmospheric Electricity
494

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Strana 276 - ... pistons and cylinders being solely a relative reciprocation since both travel in circular paths, that of the pistons, however, being eccentric by one-half of the stroke length to that of the cylinder. The Gnome is a considerable consumer of lubricant, the makers' estimate being 7 pints an hour for the 100 horse-power motor; but in practice this is largely exceeded.
Strana 129 - At times the speed, as estimated by eye witnesses, was over sixty-eight miles an hour, and yet after a flight of approximately eight miles in twenty minutes the machine was brought to rest upon a previously designated spot, three-quarters of a mile from where the balloon had been released, so lightly that the aviator was not even jarred, despite the fact that he was compelled to land on his feet, not on a special alighting gear.
Strana 448 - ... its original position becomes an efficient lifting-surface whenever the speed of the machine is accidentally reduced very much below the normal, and thus largely counteracts that backward travel of the centre of pressure on the aeroplanes which has frequently been productive of serious injuries by causing the machine to turn downward and forward and strike the ground head-on. We are aware that a forward horizontal rudder of different construction has been used in combination with a supporting...
Strana 137 - On one occasion, Maloney in trying to make a very short turn during rapid flight pressed very hard on the stirrup which gives a screw shape to the wings and made a side somersault. The course of the machine was very much like one turn of a corkscrew. After this movement, the machine continued on its regular course. And afterwards Wilkie, not to be outdone by Maloney, told his friends he would do the same, and in a subsequent flight, made two side somersaults, one in one direction and the other in...
Strana 140 - ... slip of the smaller area of screw. The theory of the strong lifting power of planes at very oblique incidences, moving rapidly through the air, having now to some extent been practically tested, a few words may not be out of place concerning the position or arrangement of those planes. Mr. Wenham, in a Paper read at the first Meeting of the Aeronautical Society, brought forward a number of examples in evidence of this great lifting force, but without defining any exact law, merely relying upon...
Strana 136 - This line of action caused a good deal of trouble with aeronauts or riders who had unbounded confidence and wanted to make long flights after the first few trials, but I found it necessary as they seemed slow in comprehending the important elements and were too willing to take risks. To give them the full knowledge in these matters I was formulating plans for a large starting station on the Mount Hamilton Eange from which I could launch an aeroplane capable of carrying two, one of my aeronauts and...
Strana 136 - NAVIGATION were too willing to take risks. To give them the full knowledge in these matters I was formulating plans for a large starting station on the Mount Hamilton Range from which I could launch an aeroplane capable of carrying two, one of my aeronauts and myself, so I could teach him by demonstration. But the disasters consequent on the great earthquake, completely stopped all my work on these lines. The flights that were given were only the first of the series with aeroplanes patterned after...
Strana 142 - It was not until nearly the end of September, 1905, months after Montgomery's flights in the Santa Clara Valley and publication of his construction, and some time after his patent was applied for, that the Wrights commenced to be conspicuously successful — with parabolically-curved sustaining surfaces and a system of wing-warping closely resembling that of Montgomery's patent and not at all like that claimed in the Wright patent (see Figure 260). Following these successes, which though well authenticated...
Strana 448 - ... of the aeroplanes. With the parts of the machine in this position it will be seen that the lateral margins ad and eh present a larger angle of incidence to the resisting air, while the lateral margins on the other side of the machine present a smaller angle of incidence. Owing to this fact, the side of the machine presenting the larger angle of incidence will tend to lift or move upward, and this upward movement will restore the lateral balance of the machine. When the other side of the machine...
Strana 448 - ... of the aeroplanes said depression is not necessarily sufficient to carry them below the horizontal planes passing through the rear corners on that side. Moreover, although we prefer to so construct the apparatus that the movements of the lateral margins on the opposite sides of the machine are equal in extent and opposite in direction, yet our invention is not limited to a construction producing this result, since it may be desirable under certain circumstances to move the lateral margins on...

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