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when it did not ascend the tree of itself, it was placed upon it; and, if its efforts produced no evacuation, it was a proof that bathing was necessary.

We have already seen that one of the principal wants of our ourang-outang was to live in society, and to attach itself to persons who treated it with kindness. For M. Decaen it had a particular affection, of which it gave daily proofs. One morning it entered his apartment while he was still in bed, and threw itself upon him, embracing him strongly, and apply. ing its lips to his breast which it sucked as it used to do his fingers. On another occasion it gave him a still stronger proof of its attachment. It was accustomed to come to him at meal times, which it knew very well, in expectation of victuals. With this view it leapt up behind his chair, and perched upon the back of it; when he gave it what he thought proper. On his arrival in Spain, M. Decaen went ashore, and another officer of the ship supplied his place at table: the ourangoutang placed itself on the back of the chair as usual; but as soon as it perceived a stranger in its master's place it refused all food, threw itself on the floor, and rolled about in great distress, frequently striking its head and moaning bitterly. I have frequently seen it testify its impatience in this way: when any thing was refused which it wanted, not being able or not daring to attack those who opposed its wishes, it would throw itself on the floor, strike its head, and thereby endeavour to excite interest or pity in a more lively manner. This method of expressing sorrow or anger is not observable in any animal, man excepted. Was this ourang-outang led to act in this manner from the same motives which actuate us in similar circumstances? I am inclined to answer this question in the affirmative: for in its passion it would occasionally raise its head from the ground and suspend its cries, in order to see if it had produced any effect on the people around, and if they were disposed to yield to its entreaties: when it thought there was nothing favorable in their looks or gestures, it began crying again.

This desire for marks of kindness generally led our ourang-outang to search for persons whom it knew, and to shun solitude, which seemed to displease it so much that one day it employed its intelligence in a singular way to break loose from it. It was shut into a closet adjoining the rooin where the people of the

house usually met: several times it ascended a chair in order to open the door, which it effected, as the chair usually stood near the door, which was fastened with a latch. In order to prevent it from repeating this operation, the chair was removed some distance from the door; but scarcely was it shut when it again opened, and the ourang outang was seen descending from the chair, which it had pushed towards the door in order to enable it to reach the latch. Can we refuse to ascribe this action to the faculty of generalizing? It is certain that the animal had never been taught to make use of a chair for opening doors, and it had never even seen any person do so. All that it could learn from its own experience was, that by mounting upon a chair it could raise itself to a level with things that were higher than it; and it may have seen from the ac tions of others that chairs might be moved from one place to another, and that the door in question was moved by lifting the latch: but these very ideas are generalizations, and it is only by combining them with each other that the ani mal could have been led to the action which we have related. I do not think that any other animal ever carried the force of reasoning further. To conclude: -men were not the only beings of a dif ferent species to which the ourang-outang attached itself: it conceived an affec tion for two cats, which was sometimes attended with inconvenience: it generally kept one or other under its arm, and at other times it placed them on its head; but as in these various movements the cats were afraid of falling, they seized with their claws the skin of the ourang outang, which patiently endured the paint which it experienced. Twice or thrice indeed it attentively examined their feet, and after discovering their nails, it attempted to remove them, but with its fingers only: not being able to accomplish this object, it seemed resigned to the pain they gave it, rather than renounce the pleasure of toying with the animals. This desire of placing the cats on its head was displayed on a great many other occasions, and I never was able to divine the cause of it. If some small pieces of paper fell into its hands, it raised them to its head, and it did the same with ashes, earth, bones, &c.

It has already been mentioned that it took its food with its hands or mouth: it was not very expert in handling our 2 G

knives

kaives and forks, and in this respect it resembled some savages whom we have heard of, but it made up for its awkwardness by its ingenuity: when the meat which was on its plate did not lie conveniently for its spoon, it gave the spoon to the person next it, in order that he might fill it. It drank very well out of a glass, which it could hold in its two hands. One day, after having put down the glass, it saw that it was likely to fall, and it instantly placed its hand at the side to which the glass inclined, and thereby saved it. Several persons were witnesses to these circumstances.

Almost all animals have occasion to protect themselves against the effects of cold, and it is probable that the ourangoutangs are in this predicament in the rainy season. I am ignorant of the means resorted to by them in their state of nature, but our ourang-outang almost con

When on

tinually kept itself covered. ship-board it laid hold of every thing that came in its way; and, when a sailor had lost any of his clothes, he was sure to find them in the ourang-outang's bed. The care which it took to keep itself covered furnished us with an excellent proof of its intelligence, and proved not only that it could generalize its ideas, but that it had the sentiment of future

wants. Its coverlid was spread every day on a piece of grass in the garden in front of the dining room, and every day after dinner it went straight to the garden, took its coverlid upon its shoulders, and leaped upon the shoulders of a domestic that he might carry it to bed. One day that its upper covering was not in its usual place, it searched until it found it, and then threw it over its shoul ders as usual.

REVIEW OF NEW MUSICAL PUBLICATIONS.

Cramer's favorite Sonata for the Piano-forte, with an Accompaniment for the Flute. 3s. 6d. T HIS sonata, the second movement of which Mr. Cramer has furnished from the favorite air called "The Spanish Guitar," is a composition worthy the ta lents of that distinguished master. The first movement opens with a passage uncommonly simple, but certainly very happily conceived; and the conduct of the whole, while it evinces much command of idea, and great mastery in connecting and arranging the thoughts offered by a ready and inventive mind, serves to exhibit the author's general and acknowledged powers in a point of view as favorable, perhaps, to his established repute, as any thing his genius has yet given the world.

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Six admired Scotch Airs, arranged as Rondos for the Piano-forte, with an Accompaniment for the Violin and Flute, by Dr. Haydn. 75. 6d. Of this valuable publication the taste. ful part of the musical world has a long while been in anxious expectation. The airs here selected by the late great master for the exercise of his taste and high powers for arrangement and embellishment, are "The Blue Bells of Scotland," "Saw ye my Father," "My Love, she's but a Lassie yet," Maggie Lawder," "Argyll is my Name," and "Killicrankie." To say nothing of the judgment with which these particular airs have been se

lected from the great and interesting mass of Scottish melody, the new and appropriate basses, the ingenious and uncommon evolutions of the harmonies, and the elegant yet natural decorations with which Dr. Haydn has given them such additional claims to public notice, cannot, we think, fail to ensure great popu larity to the work. Mr. Preston has brought the undertaking forward in a style commensurate with the high value of his materials, and that does credit to his liberality and graphic taste.

A Second Set of Six Divertimentos for the Ger man Flute, by Samuel Taylor, Professor of the Flute. 5s.

This work of Mr. Taylor (Mr. Taylor, we understand, of Clement's Inn,) professes to exhibit the cadences and embellishments of Messrs. Incledon and Braham, and those of Mesdames Mara and Catalani, in which attempt he certainly has acquitted himself with considerable success and faithfulness. In confining ourselves to the assertion that Mr. T.'s pages are filled with music pleasing in itself, and well calculated for the instrument for which it is intended, we should by no means do full justice to his merits. The introductory remarks with which he has prefaced his publication are correct and judicious; and well merit the attention of those practitioners who (to speak in the author's own spirit)

would

would blend sentiment with sound, and produce "the sublime effects resulting from elegance, expression, and feeling." "Robin Adair," the favorite Air sung by Mr. Braham, at the Lyceum Theatre. The Words, Symphonies, and Accompaniments, written, composed, and arranged, by J. Parry. 1s. 6d.

“Robin Adair,” as here presented to us, offers further and very pleasing proofs of Mr. Parry's talents as a lyric poet, and science as a musician. The words are written with taste and feeling, and the style and arrangement of the symphonies would do credit to the most established

master.

Les Adieux, L'Absence, et Le Revoir. Sonate Characteristique, pour le Piano-forte, par

Louis Van Beethoven. 6s.

Though we have ever been forward to do the amplest justice to the profound science of this great master; never did we feel the generous warmth of admiration excited in us by the contemplation of the hard, crude, and affected, cast of his peculiar taste. Always labouring at the entire display of his learning, and straining after forced and unnatural eccentricities of modulation, he neglects the better resources of his own native talent; rather ambitious to excite admiration than. delight, he toils after difficulties, thinks that to be extraneous is to be beautiful, and that the passages which surprise much interest and charm. These remarks apply with no little force to the present publication, and will well serve to convey our sentiments of its true cha

racter.

Gilden's Grand Military March for the Pianoforte or Harp. 25.

crotchets, and the second in triple time of three quavers. Some degree of ability is displayed in both, and the general effect is respectable.

A Melologue upon National Music, by Thomas Moore, esq. 3s. 6d.

To the poetry of this melologue too much praise cannot be given; nor more need the distinguished author himself wish than that of our saying that it is worthy of his genius. In the music, we find a Greek melody, brought by Mr. Gell from Athens; the Swiss air, Rany des Vaches; a Spanish chorus; the Spanish air, Yadesperto;" and the popu lar Irish air of " Gramachree." The whole forms a delighting and interesting specimen of what may be effected by the happy and appropriate union of music and recitation under the guidance of such talents as those of Mr. Moore.

"Fairest Flower behold, the Lily;" a favorite Canzonet, composed by T. Haigh. 1s. 6d.

Mr. Haigh has selected, for a companion to this melody, a beautiful and justly-favorite song of Robert Burns. The air and the words move in kindly union,' unmixed with pleasure derived from the and our admiration of the poetry is not perusal of the music.

"The Contented Man," a favorite Arietta, with an Accompaniment for the Piano-forte 1s. 6d.

"The contented Man" does, we must confess, by no means, content us. If he thinks his own strain melodious, we do not; if he deems it variegated, we think it uncommonly monotonous; and, if to his ears it is easy and pleasing, to ours its effect is cramped and uninteresting. "Know'st thou the Land," a favorite Arietta, composed for the Piano-forte, by Louis Van Beethoven. 1s 6d.

This march, which forms the middle movement of the publication before us, the first being purely introductory, and the third a concluding pastorale, is con"Know'st thou the Land" is an air of ceived with spirit, and recommends itself some merit; but certainly is deficient in by a considerable portion of the truly ease and that natural flow peculiarly remartial character. It is but just to add quisite to vocal efforts of the familiar that piano-forte students will derive both kind.

pleasure and improvement from its prac-Lord Wellington," an admired Pandean Air, arranged as a Rondo for the Piano-forte, by John Monro.

tice.

Delassement Champetre, d'une Allemande en
Ecosse, pour le Piano forte. Composé par
Veronica Chianchetti. 2s. 6d.
This sonata is comprised in two move-
ments. The first in common time of four

25.

The subject of this rondo is pleasing, and the digressive portions of the compo sitions are consistent in themselves, and sufficiently connected with the theme.

TH

VARIETIES, LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL.
Including Notices of Works in Hand, Domestic and Foreign.
Authentic Communications for this Article will always be thankfully received.

of the invalid, both active and passive.-
It is proposed also to introduce baths of
every description, and a constant supply
of the most approved mineral waters.
Thus the inhabitants of this Hygeian-
Temple may avail themselves, in one
spot, of all the scattered gifts of Nature,
which the experience of ages has proved
to be beneficial to the restoration of.
health, The building is intended to ac
commodate fifty persons, each to have
two rooms, one adjoining the other; with
a dressing-room, capable of lodging a pri-
vate attendant. There is also to be a suit
of public rooms, adequate to the accom
modation of the whole of the inmates.
Supposing each person to pay 2001. per
annum, or per winter, a revenue of
10,000l. per annum will arise, adequate
to pay interest to the shareholders,
and to support the institution.
estimate for the building is 40,000l.—the
purchase of the ground, and other ex-
pences, at least, 10,000l. The area for
the house and gardens is to cover four
acres which will allow space sufficient
for the promenades, circus, botanic gar-
den, and pleasure-grounds. Dr. KEN-
TISH is to be the resident physician,
and Mr. BUSBY is named as the ar-
chitect.

HE malignant war which has exist ed in Europe for the last twenty years, having destroyed the intercourse of this country with Southern Europe, and it being no longer permitted to opu lent invalids to resort to those climes for the restoration of their health, it has late ly been conceived, that, if an artificial climate, equal in temperature to the most salubrious parts of Italy, could be formed in our own island, we might expect results somewhat similar. Since the possession of Madeira by the English, that island has afforded hope to invalids; but, the expense and inconvenience of a voyage thither being commensurate with the means of only few persons, it has been proposed, to erect and maintain, at CLIFTON, a house and covered grounds, built and fitted for these purposes, to be called a MADEIRA HOUSE, in which the temperature of that island is to be constantly maintained. The difference of climate principally consisting in temperature and moistureif the means of having a dry, warm, aud uniform, atmosphere are attainable in England, the object of invalids will, in great measure, be effected. The expence of such an undertaking being unavoidably great, the most eligible plan has appeared to be to create a fund, by subscription, as 50,0001. in 500 shares, at 1001. each the shares to be transferable. The salubrity of the air of Clifton, with the power of supplying the building with the Hotwell water, have pointed it out as the most proper place in the island for such an institution. It is intended to concentrate within it whatever can contribute to the restoration of health. The public rooms, staircases, and passages, are to be kept at the summer temperature of 62 or 65 degrees, and the private apartments are to be furnished with the means of being kept at any temperature which the feelings of the resident may suggest as most desirable, or his physician prescribes. An extensive conservatory for exotics is to be formed as a promenade for the residents; in addition to which, pleasuregrounds are to be laid out and cultivated as a Botanic garden. A covered circus is to be connected for equestrian exercise, at all seasons, and provision made for ther exercises, suited to the strength

The

A MONSIEUR CRONSTAT, a French chemist, who has lately arrived in London, has astonished our sugar-bakers by the exhibition of a new and shortened process for refining sugar. He effects, in two or three days, what has usually been performed by the ordinary process only in as many months; and, what is equally important, be produces the finest sugar from the present refuse of the sugarhouses. Should the process be made public, we shall introduce it into the Monthly Magazine. We are, however, enabled to state, at present, that the new process does not require the use of bullock's blood, and other offensive materials hitherto employed by the sugar bakers.

The following is a comparative statement of the POPULATION of Great Britain, as it was returned in 1801 and 1811. Both returns are probably below the true numbers, but the first return was notoriously so, and hence the necessity for the second return. last return is therefore no evidence of

The

actual

actual increase, though an increase is also notice, a System of Algebra and probable.

In 1801. Males. Females. England 3,987,935 4,343,499

257,178

284,308

Wales
Scotland - 734,581 864,487

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Total.

8,331,434 541,546

1,599,068

470,598

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Mr. JOHN MAWE, the author of a Treatise on the Mineralogy of Derby shire, is about to publish a Narrative of his Voyage to the Rio de la Plata, and of his Travels in Brazil, during a period of ix years, from 1804 to 1810. The principal part of this work relates to the interior of Brazil, where no Englishman was ever permitted to travel, and parti cularly to the gold and diamond districts, which the author investigated by order of the Prince Regent. From the high sanction under which he began the undertaking, and the length of time he devoted to it, his narrative may be expected to throw considerable light on a rich and extensive colony hitherto little explored, and, at present, highly interesting, as it is likely, through recent changes, to become the seat of the empire of our oldest and most faithful ally.

Mr. BONNYCASTLE will speedily publish a Treatise on Algebra, in practice and theory, methodically arranged in two parts, and adapted to the present state of the science; together with notes and illustrations, containing a variety of particulars relating to the discoveries and improvements that have been made in this branch of analysis. The work will be printed in two moderate-sized octavo volumes, and is designed to form the second and third parts of the author's intended General Course of Mathematics.

In the same branch of science we may

Fluxions, practically adapted to the use of schools, by Mr. Joyce. It is intended as a companion in schools to his wellknown Arithmetic. Every part will be provided with numerous examples, and the mode of working them; and the answers will be given in a Key, for the use of tutors.

Dr. LIPSCOMBE has undertaken a work which has often been demanded-succinct and popular Elements of the Science of Medicine, serving at once as a book of instruction for students,' as a book of reference, and as a text-book of facts and principles. It will bear the popular title of a Grammar of the Elements of Medicine.

It will afford satisfaction to the lovers of elegant literature to be informed, that the LUCRETIUS of Dr. BUSBY has been honored with one of the largest subscrip tions given to any book for many years ; and, what is more flattering to the author, among the names of his subscribers will be found nearly all his contemporaries, who enjoy any degree of celebrity for literary taste or erudition.

Among the extraordinary vicissitudes of human affairs, it deserves to be recorded that, in 1811, a Legion of Greek Mercenaries were raised by Great Bri tain in the Ionian Islands. Arms and ammunition are therefore now on the passage for the descendants of that people who, 2000 years ago, looked with contempt on the mercenaries of other nations, and who would, probably, at that period, have exhibited a Briton as a curiosity, just as we now exhibit a native Hottentot.

We congratulate the public on the prospect of the reform of that part of our semi-barbarous and superannuated legal system, which relates to the meddling of Ecclesiastical Courts with common life. If by the same regulations Civil Suits were brought under the cognizance of Grand Juries; if Special and all Juries were called in rotation; and if Barristers were excluded from arbitrations;* Society in England would at once advance many centuries in civilization.

Another edition of Dr. TROTTER'S View of the Nervous Temperament, being the third, is now in the press, and will be published in a few weeks. Many additions have been made; and, in the present edition, the author gives it as his opinion, that the disease com

monly

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