Freeman. Fuller, Thomas, b. at Aldwinkle, 1608; graduated at Cambridge, 1628; prebendary of Sarum, 1631; member of the Convocation, 1640; chaplain in the King's army, 1644-46; rector of Waltham, 1648-58; Church History, 1656; chaplain extraordinary to Chas. II., 1660; Worthies of England after his death, 1662; d. 1661.......152, 154-57 Further Remarks. 18, 19 Gascoigne, b. in Essex, about 1535; served in Holland under the Prince of
Orange; a courtier and an attendant of Elizabeth's; d. 1577...... 92, 124 Gay, b. in Devonshire, 1688; published Rural Sports, dedicated to Pope, 1711; secretary to the Duchess of Marlbor- ough, 1712; secretary to Clarendon, ambassador to Hanover, 1714; Tri- via, 1715; lost his money in the South Sea Bubble, and was a dependant on the bounty of Duke of Queensberry from 1727 on; Fables and Beggar's
Opera, 1727; d. 1732... Galt, John..
Geoffrey of Monmouth. Gibbon, Edward, b. at Putney, 1737; studied at Westminster and Oxford; a Roman Catholic, 1753; placed under a Protestant minister at Lausanne, Switzerland, 1753-8; studied history, and Latin and French literature there; entered parliament as a Tory, 1774; a member of the board of trade; lived at Lausanne, 1783-93; chiefly occupied with The Decline and Fall-the first vol. appearing in 1776, and the last in 1788; d. 1794. .233-39 Godwin, Wm.. 269 Goldsmith, Oliver, b. at Pallas, Ire- land, 1728; graduated at Dublin, 1749; prepared for the ministry, but rejected by the bishop; sent to London by his un- cle to study law, but on the way spent his money in gaming; studied medi- cine 18 months, 1752-4, in Edinburgh; lived abroad, 1754-6, chiefly at Leyden; with one clean shirt and no money, he set out on foot for a tour of Europe; in London, 1756; a proof-reader, an usher, and a hack writer; published Present State of Literature in Europe, 1759; Citizen of the World, 1760; The Traveller, 1764; Vicar of Wakefield, 1766; The Good Natured Man, 1767; Deserted Village, 1770; She Stoops to Conquer, 1773; a member of Johnson's celebrated literary club; d. 1774. 211, 229, 235, 242, 246
have been chief justice of the com- mon pleas; blind in 1400; and d. 1408
Grafton.. Gray, Thomas, b. in London, 1716; ed- ucated at Eton and at Cambridge, vis- ited France and Italy, 1739, with Hor- ace Walpole; took his degree of bachelor of civil law, 1742; his Elegy, 1749; refused the laureateship, made vacant by the death of Cibber; made professor of modern history at Cam- bridge, 1769; d. in 1771..... Greek taught in England.. Greene, Robert, b. at Norwich, 1560; B.A. at Cambridge, 1578; travelled in Italy and Spain; associated with Lodge, Peele, and Marlowe; novelist, poet, and dramatist; published a pamphlet, A Groatsworth of Wit Bought with a Million of Repent- ance, warning his co-workers against the
"upstart crow" [Shakespeare] "beautified with their feathers;" d. of a drunken debauch, 1592.. Habington..
Hakluyt... Hales, John..
Hall, Joseph...
Hallam, Arthur, b. at Windsor, 1777; educated at Eton and Oxford; studied law; contributed to the Ed. Rev.; Europe during the Middle Ages, 1818; Constitutional History of England, 1827; Introduction to the Literature of Europe, 1838-9; Literary Essays and Characters, 1852; d. 1859...... Hamilton, Sir Wm., b. at Glasgow, Scotland, 1788; in the University of Glasgow, 1803-6; in Oxford, 1807-10; studied law; in 1816 claimed the title of Sir in abeyance in his family for nearly a century before him; visited Germany, 1817, and again, 1820; a can- didate for the chair of moral philoso- phy, in the Un. of Ed., vacant by the death of Dr. Brown; town council elected John Wilson (Christopher North); professor of history in the University, 1821; in 1829 wrote his cele- brated criticism of Cousin, the Philoso-
20, 36, 69, 91, 151, 187-8, 225, 268-9 Hobbes, Thomas, b. at Malmesbury, 1588; educated at Oxford; in 1610, travelled as tutor to the future Earl of Devonshire; translated Thucydides, 1628; Human Nature, 1650; Levia- than, 1651; a royalist in the civil war; tutor to Charles II., then in Paris, in 1647; received a pension of £100 after the Restoration; d.at the seat of his pa- tron, the Earl of Devonshire, 1679....202 Hogg, James. Holcroft...
Holinshed, place and time of birth un- known; Shakespeare and historians borrowed largely from him; d. about 1580. Holmes, Oliver Wendell, biogra- phy and works, see text.. 327-32 Hood, Thomas, b. in London, 1798; sub-editor of London Magazine, 1821; Whims and Oddities, 1826; published many tales and poems; editor of New Monthly Magazine; began Hood's Magazine, 1844; d. 1845......339 Hooker, Richard, b. at Heavytree, 1553; graduated at Oxford; ordained 1581; married a scolding wife; Master of the Temple, 1585; he and his col- league in the ministry, Walter Trav- ers, a Calvinist, did not agree; retired to the rectory of Boscombe, 1591; Ecclesiastical Polity, 1594-7; rector of Bishopsbourne from 1595 till his death in 1600....... 98, 103, 104
How this Work is to be Studied.
Hope, Thomas. Hume, David, b. in Edinburgh, 1711; entered Edinburgh University; began mercantile life, but soon gave it up; went to France; Treatise on Human Nature, 1738; the first part of Moral and Political Essays, 1741-2; reputa- tion for skepticism prevented his get- ting the chair of moral philosophy in the University, 1744; Inquiry concern- ing the Human Understanding, 1747; librarian of the Advocates' Library in Edinburgh, 1751-6; 1st vol of his His- tory of England, 1754; Inquiry con- cerning the Principles of Morals, 1752; visited Paris, 1763; under-secretary of state, 1767-8; chief of the literary cir- cle in Edinburgh; d. 1776...........233 Inchbald, Mrs. Influence of the Italian Revival.
Interludes Irving, Washington, biography and works, see text..... James the First of Scotland, b. 1394; sent to France, 1405; seized by a Brit- ish fleet; brought to London and thrown into the Tower; released, 1424, after 19 years captivity, and restored to his kingdom; checked the arro- gance of the Scottish nobles; a con- spiracy against him; assassinated, 1437.. Johnson, Samuel, b. at Litchfield, 1709; entered Pembroke College, Ox- ford, 1728; compelled to leave, 1731; was usher and hack-writer; married in 1736, and opened an academy in London, 1737; made literature his call- ing; London appeared in 1738; re- ported the debates in Parliament for the Gent. Magazine, 1740; Life of Savage, 1744; Vanity of Human Wishes, 1749; at work on the Diction- ary, 1747-55; wrote Rasselas within a single week; a pension settled upon him, 1762; the centre of the famous Literary Club formed in 1764; visited Scotland and the Hebrides, 1773; Lives
of the Poets, 1779-81; lived a long while in the family of Mrs. Thrale; d. 1784, and was buried in West. Abbey. 235, 241, 242 Jonson, Ben, b. at Westminster, 1574; entered Cambridge, 1790; forced by poverty to leave, and to as- sist his step-father, a mason; disgusted with this labor, enlisted in the army in Flanders; returned, killed a brother- actor in a duel; while in prison be- came a Roman Catholic, but returned to the Church of England; his great plays, 1596-1612; Masques, subsequent- ly; poet-laureate, 1619, with a pension of £100 and a tierce of canary; inti- mate with Shakespeare; d. 1637, and buried in Westminster Abbey, with "O rare Ben Jonson" inscribed on his tombstone....... ......138-146 Keats, John, b. in London, 1796; edu- cated at Enfield; apprenticed to a sur- geon, 1810; his first poem, 1817; Endy- mion, severely criticised in Black- wood, and in the Quarterly Review, 1818; third vol., 1820; was wasting away with consumption, and set out for Rome, where he died, 1821. Was buried in the Protestant cemetery there, and on his stone is this inscrip- tion: Here lies one whose name was writ in water...
King's English in 14th Century,
Lingard, John, b. at Winchester, 1771; studied at Douay; ordained a Roman Catholic priest, 1795; published His- tory of England, 1819-25; declined a cardinal's hat soon after; author of History of the A. S. Church; d. 1851. 278. Locke, John, b. at Wrington, 1632; educated at Christ's College, Oxford; secretary of legation at Berlin, 1664 or 1665; in 1667 a member of the Earl of Shaftesbury's family, and directed the education of his son and grandson; visited the south of France for his health in 1675; with his patron in Hol- land from 1683-8; filled several civil offices on his return to England; On the Conduct of the Understanding, 1690; Letters on Toleration, 1689-92; last days spent at the house of Sir Francis Masham; d. 1704....202-3, 206-8 Lockhart, John Gibson, b. at Cam- busnethan, Scotland, 1794; studied at Glasgow U., 1807-10; graduated from Baliol College, Ox., as bachelor of law; contributor to Blackwood, 1817; mar- ried Sophia, daughter of Scott, 1820; Editor of Quar. Rev., 1826-53; Life of Burns, appeared 1825; Life of Scott, 1837-9; d. 1854 at Abbotsford, the seat of his daughter, Lady Hope, the only surviving descendant of Sir Walter,
277, 279 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, biog- raphy and works, see text........410-18
.85, 86 Macaulay, Lord, b. at Rothley Tem- ple, 1800; entered Trinity College, Camb., 1818; admitted to the bar, 1826; essay on Milton, 1826; M. P. in 1830; made celebrated speeches on the Reform bill, 1830-32, and on the re- newal of the charter of the East India Co., 1833; was in India, 1835-8; M. P. for Edinburgh, 1838-47; 1st and 2d vols. of History of England, 1848; rector of the U. of Glasgow, in 1849; 3d and 4th vols. of History, in 1855; Baron Macaulay in 1857; d. 1859.
the West. Rev., and from 1835 to '40 was its principal conductor; System of Logic, 1843; Political Economy, 1848; On Liberty, and Dissertations and Discussions, 1859; M. P., 1865; resided henceforth near Avignon, France; married Mrs. Taylor, 1851; published many other works; d. 1873. After his death his Autobiography, and the Three Essays appeared....307 Milman, Dean.. Milton, b. in London, Dec. 9, 1608; en- tered Christ's College, Cambridge, 1625; left Cambridge, 1632; gave up intention of being a minister; spent 5 years at home, Horton; after the death of his mother in 1637, visited Leyden, Paris, and Rome; on his return taught a few pupils; married Mary Powell, 1643; she left him in one month, but returned; Latin secretary to the Council of State, the executive branch of the Government, 1649-60; blind, 1654; married Catharine Wood- stock in 1656, and Elizabeth Minshull in 1663; Paradise Lost, 1667; Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes,1671; d. 1674. He and his widow realized £18 from Paradise Lost.
165-172, 174-176, 180-186
More, Sir Thomas, b. in London, 1478; entered Oxford in 1497, where he studied Greek; studied law at Lin- coln's Inn; an under-sheriff of London, 1502; M. P., 1504; Hist. of Rich. III., 1513; sent on a mission to Flanders, 1514; Utopia, 1518; treasurer of the exchequer, 1521; Speaker of the House of Commons, 1523; Lord Chancellor, 1529; beheaded July 6, 1535, for re- fusing to take the oath of supremacy to Henry VIII. "See me safe up," he said to one helping him up the scaffold, "for my coming down I can
shift for myself." As the axe was about to fall, he moved aside his beard, saying, "Pity that should be cut that has not committed treason". .73, 74 Morris, William, b. 1834; Life and Death of Jason, 1865; The Earthly Paradise, 1868; a translation of The Eneid, 1876. ..393-400 Motley, John Lothrop, biography and works, see text.... Napier, Sir Wm., b. at Castletown, Ireland, 1785; entered the army, 1800; captain, 1804; went with Sir John Moore to Portugal, 1808; was in the great battles of the Peninsular War; major, 1811; lieutenant-colonel, 1813; published History of the War in the Peninsula, 1828-40; colonel, 1830; major-general, 1841; knighted, 1848; Lieutenant-general, 1851; published other works; d. 1860. Nevile, Henry..
Newton, Sir Isaac, b. at Woolsthorpe, 1642; entered Trinity, Cambridge; dis- covered the binomial theorem, 1664, and the theory of fluxions, 1665; con- structed a refracting telescope, 1668; professor of mathematics, 1669; dis- covered that light consists of rays of different refrangibility, about 1669; lectured on optics, 1669-71; author of the Emission theory of light; fellow of Royal Society, 1672; Picard having accurately measured an arc of the earth's surface, Newton resumed, 1684, a work respecting universal gravitation, laid aside 16 years before because of incorrect data concerning the size of the earth; he was so agitated by the proof that the orbit of the moon is curved by the force which causes the fall of an apple, working accord- ing to the same law, that he was obliged, it is said, to call in a friend to finish the calculation; Principia, 1687; M.P. for Cambridge, 1689, and again, 1703; a story, discredited by his biog- rapher, Brewster, is told, that in 1692 his dog Diamond upset a burning candle among his papers, destroying the work of 20 years; made master of
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