this trade, befides many planters. Georgia is divided into two parts north and fouth. North Georgia contains three cities, Savannah, New Ebenezer, and Augufta, and five villages Old Ebenezer, Hampstead, Highgate, Abercorn, and Skindwe. South Georgia contains two cities, Frederica and New Invernefs, and one village, Barikmake. The province is defended by three ftrong forts, fort Argyle, fort St. Andrew, and fort St. Auguftine; bat in 1741 it did not contain more than 1000 fouls. This colony has by no means produced advantages equal to the great expence at which it has been eftablished. The feveral fums granted by parliament before the year 1738, amounted to €6,000l. fterl. and the fums collected in Great Britain, and in our American colonies, were very great The foil is not of the moft fertile, kind, yet it produces tice, pitch, tar, hemp, flax, vegetable wax, and bees wax in confiderable quantities. The fettlers alfo make pot-afh, and many veffels are freighted every year from Georgia with thefe commodities. They have firs of a great height, which make excellent mafts, and are very fit for the builder, befides wood for dying and fincering in great plenty. Mulberry-trees are alfo very common in this country, and it was hoped, that filkworms might have been raifed, and a filk manufacture eftablished. With this view two or three Piedmontefe were fent into Georgia, to inftruct the fettlers in this employment, and perfect filk was at length produced, but in fo fmall a quantity that it deferved no attention. It is not indeed to be expected, that the quantity of filk fhould be great, as the colony was fo thinly inhabited, that hands were wanting to till the ground. But the want of inhabitants was not lefs owing to the novelty of the eftablishment, than to the bad conftitution of the government, which refembled no other Dritih etablithment in the world. The people were abfolutely excluded from all fhare in the government, which was placed wholly in a council of 24 commiflioners, appointed by the king, who refided in London, and nominated the magistrates who fuperintended the public affairs on the ipor, and acted in confequence of inftructions tranfmitted to them from hence. Thefe commitioners availed themfelves of the power invelted in them by the charter, of eftablishing fundamental laws, which totally lubjected the colony to them, and in feme degree rendered them ablolute mafters of the liberty and property of every individual in it. The only court of judicature was a kind of chancery, confitting of a very small number of thefe deputed magiftrates, upon whom not only the fortune, but the lives of the people entirely depended; for as there is no appeal from the council, or the magiftrates which the council deputes, the colony has no remedy but patiently to fubmit to any falfe meafure which it may be required to purfue. The difcontent which fuch a form of government would naturally produce, was greatly increafed by the regulations etablished by the commitfioners in their diftribution of lands to the fettlers. They divided the country into fmall parcels of 50 acres, and ftipulated, that only the male defcendants of the tenant should inherit it, excluding daughters and every other degree of kindred; 10 that in default of heirs male, the lands were to revert back to the commillioners. The tenant was alfo restrained from telling, letting, or exchanging his lands, from employing negroes and taking more than one lot, which contributed to make them weary of their fituation. Great numbers removed to South Carolina and other fettlements; fome came back back to England, and, if their report is to be believed, the 1000 which inhabited Georgia in 1741, were the remains of more than 5000, which had been fent thither between that time and the year 1732. Several alterations have been fince lands now defcend in the female line, and the tenant, if he has no heir, may devife them by will: but thefe alterations took place too late. This colony, however, is thought of fome confequence to the British intereft, not fo much for the value of what it may produce, as because it may ferve as a fouthern frontier against any enterprize that may be formed by the French or Spaniards, if they fhould fortify themfelves in Louifiana, as it is apparently their intereft to do. Great difputes have arifen between Georgia and Carolina, concerning the navigation of the river Savanah, which feparates the two colonies. The people of Carolina having made it the channel of a confiderable trade with the Indians for fkins and furrs. The charter by which Georgia was granted to commiflioners as a feparate colony, extends it from the moft northern boundary of the Savansh to the moft fouthern limits of Alatamaha, by which both rivers appear to belong to them, and they have feized feveral vellels of Caralina upon thofe rivers, and julify their conduct by the following reafons: 1. The Savanah is included in the grant of Georgia. 2. The velfels which have been feized were laden with rum, which in Georgia was a prohibited commodity. 3. They were fitted out for a traffic with the Indians, which belonged exclufively to the fettlers in the new colony. The People of Carolina' have paid no regard to thefe reafons, but infead of a continuing to navigate , they have armed their veffels fo as to be in no danger of an attack. Account of American affairs, continued from Vol. X. P. 577 the account in our Magazine ded but other instances of the barbarity of the Indians, and the diftrefs and deftruction of our back-fettlers. The plantation at Paterfon's Creek is . intirely ruined, the inhabitants about Stoddarts Fort have all left their plantations, and above 80 families have fled to the fort for fhelter; the enemy has alfo ravaged all the country about Potomack with fo ftrong a party, that they repulfed a confiderable force fent against them from Fort Cumberland; the officer who commanded this party, writes that the fmoke of the ruined houses is fo great as to hide the adjacent mountains, and obicure the day. They cut off all but the young women, whom they carry away to their towns. News being brought to Lancaster that they had fcalped many perfons near Gabriel's Mill, on the Sefquehanah, about 50 of the ftouteft inhabitants fet out the next day to bury the dead; when they reached the spot, they found 14 bodies horribly mangled, and met a fmall party of friendly Indians, which was flying to the inhabited parts of the province for protection. The whole company then concluded to go on as far as Shamokin, to know whether the Indians affembled there were friends or enemies. When they came to Shamokin, they were received with a cold civility, and perceived the Indians often to whisper among themselves, after which fome of them disappeared. This gave them great uneafinefs; however, they ftay'd all night, and in the morning two of the Indians privately adviled them to avoid going a particular road, in which they faid there was danger. This advice brought them into new perplexity, for they doubted whether it was not given merely to fecure their failing in to an ambufcade. After confulting with each other, this was the prevailing opinion, and they determined to take the very road they had been counfelled to avoid; but they had not advanced far, before they found that they had made a falfe judgment, for they were smartly attacked on both fides by a fire from the bushes, and of the whole number only twenty-three escaped alive. Upon receiving this acCount, 500 men fet out from the neighbouring parts, to revenge the death of their friends; but they were in want of ammunition. The Indians at Shamokin were all painted black, which denotes anger. It appears by the depofition of capt. Jacob Morgan, of col. Weifer's regiment, that having fet out with two of the colonel's fons, to fee what damage the Indians had done at Tolleo, and get together a number of perfons to allift thofe that were left alive, they found a girl about five years old fcalp.ed, but yet alive, and a confiderable number of people at a house, of which they did not know the owner's name. That being alarmed with a report that the Indians had befet another houfe belonging to one Dollinger not far diftant, they fet out to relieve it; that when they arrived, they furrounded the houfe, and found much damage done, but no perfon in it or about it, except in the garden a child about eight years old, fcalped and dead, which they buried. That they proceeded to the plantation of one Sneider, and in a corn field found a woman and a young child both fcalped and dead, and in the house they found another child about ten years old, fcalped and dead: That having buried thefe bodies, they went forward to one Brown's, in whofe houfe they found a man fcalped and dead: That the company were now 130 ftrong, and continuing their rout, found all the plantations deferied, and the way ftrewed with persons who had been mangled and fcalped by the Indians, the borfes, and cattle in the corn fields, and every thing in the utmost diforder. The Moravian fettlement of Guaden Hatten, on Mahony Creek, is allo cut off, only two perfons having elcaped alive. Upon receipt of this intelligence, a meffage was fent to col. Anderfon at the Jerfeys, requesting him to fend a party of men to ftop the progrefs of the enemy. The colonel im mediately came over himself with a frong company, and went in purfuit of the enemy; at the fame time a confiderable number of the inhabitants of Northampton got under arms, and went in pursuit of the Indians. It is now certain that no regular operations will be undertaken till fpring; but when it was determined that the army at Olwego fhould go into winter quarters, they began a new fort upon a hill on the caft fide of the river, about 470 yards from the old one; it is Soo feet in circumference, and will command the harbour; it is built of logs from 20 to 30 inches thick; the wall is 14 feet high, and is encompaffed by a ditch 14 feet broad, and ten deep; it is to contain barracks for 300 men, and to mount 16 guns. On the other fide of the river, weft from the old fort, another new fort is erecting; this is 170 feet square, the rampart is of earth and ftone, 20 feet thick and 12 feet high, befides the parapet; this is alfo encompaffed with a ditch 14 feet broad and 10 feet deep, and is to contain barracks for 200 men. This fort will be fortified with the greatest care, as there is a good landing, and an eafy afcent not far off. An hofpital of framed work, 150 feet by 30, is already built, which may ferve as a barrack for 100 men; and ather barrack is preparing of 150 feet by 24. From thefe preparations, it feems reafonable to conclude that the general intends to winter with his army at Owego, that they may more expéditioutly go into action in the fpring. [To be continued.] An GEORGE VILLIERS was the youneft fon of Sir Geo. Villers, of Brook by in the county of Leicester, by his fecond wife, the daughter of Anthony Beaumont of Coleorton, Efq; a lady of uncommon beauty and difcretion. The family came over with the conqueror from Normandy, where fome Branches of it, fays Ld. Clarendon, ftill remain with luftre. Sir George's ancestors had been long fettled at Kinalton in Nottinghamshire, whence they removed to Brookby about the beginning of the 13th century. Sir George refided with his family at his paternal feat, where he educated his youngest fon under his own eye till he was ten years old, and then fent him to a school at Billifden in the fame county, where he was taught the principles of mufic, and the firit rudiments of literature. When he had continued at Billifden about three years he loft his father, and his mother then took him home to her houfe at Goodby an eftate of which she became poffeffed as her jointure. Here the prefided over his education with fingular care and affection. She had obferved, that his natural difpofition was rather active than ftudious, and judging it beft to teach him thofe things in which This is alerted on the authority of Sir Henry Wotton. Lord Clarendon fays he was eldelt fon by the fecond bed. he was most likely to excel, fhe made it her principal care to get him inftructed in dancing, mufic, fencing, and riding, and when he was about 18, fent him into France, that he might at once improve himfelf in thefe exercites, and learn the language, which he was not difpofed to acquire by fedentary application. In France he continued three years, and after his return to England paffed yet another year under his mother's eye at Goodby. He was then juft 22 years of age, and as his perfon was extremely beautiful, his manner graceful, and his accomplishments fuch as were molt likely to diftinguith him in the gay world, it was then determind that he fhould come up to London, and make his addreffes to the daughter of Sir Roger Afton, who was then gentleman of the bedchamber and master of the rolls to King James ift. What progrefs he made in his addreffes to the lady is not known, but he foon became intimately acquainted with Sir John Greham, who was then one of the gentlemen of his majesty's privy chamber. Greham, who well knew his majefty's paffion for handfom perfons and fine cloaths, perfwaded the young gentleman not hastily to marry, but rather to push his fortune at court. This advice was too agreeable to be rejected, and it was probably given upon better grounds than a mere general knowledge of the king's difpofitton, for his majetty having accidentally feen Villiers at Apthorpe upon a progrefs was immediately captivated with his appearance, and finding that he was known to Greham, gave him fecret directions how he should introduce him, and as it were by degrees bring him into favour. Tho' this difpofition of the king might have been fufficient to make Viller's fortune, yet at this time inany incidents concurred with it in his fa vour. It was known that the king began to be weary of Somerfet, who was then fufpected to have been at leaft leaft privy to the murther of Sir Thomas Overbury, and there were many at court who were fufficiently angry with this favourite, only for being what they defired to be, to contribute all in their power to raife Villiers merely to throw Somerfet down. Villiers therefore, upon his appearance at court found every one his friend. The ruin of Somerset was foon compleated by the proof of his guilt, and a very few days after the new favourite had first appeared in court, he was made cup-bearer to the king, a place which kept him much in his prefence, and admitted him to that converfation and difcourfe with which James always abounded at his meals. Villiers having lately been in France was able to gratify this humour in the king with great advantage to himfelf, for occafion being offered to mention the court of France and tranfactions there, Villiers enlarged fo pertinently upon the fubject, that he greatly delighted the king, and recommended himself to all those who stood by. From this time riches and honours were heaped upon him almost without intermiflion. On the next St. George's day he was knighted and made gentleman of the bed-chamber with an annual penfion of 1000l. out of the court of wards. On New-year's-day following the king appointed him mafter of the horfe, and he was foon after inftalled knight of the garter. Next Auguft he was created baron of Whaddon and Vifcount Villiers. In January he was created Earl of Buckingham, and fworn of the privy council; in March he attended the king into Scotland, and was alfo fworn into the council of that, kingdom; and on the next New-year's-day he was created Marquis of Buckingham, and made Lord Admiral of England, chief juftice in eyre of all the parks and forrefts fouth of Trent, mafter of the king's bench office, head steward of Weitminster, and conftable of Windfor castle. Such were the high poft and ho- nours he poffeffed, and his influence over the king was fo great, that he difpofed of all other honours and offices in the three kingdoms without a rival, and in the difpofal of thefe he was guided rather by his paffions than his judgment, fo that he exalted all his family and dependants, which were very numerous, and many of whom had neither merit, nor pretenfions to merit, but their alliance to him. By this conduct he inherited the odium with the power of Somerfet; people of all conditions were offended, and particularly the antient nobility, who faw the demefnes and revenues of the crown fquandered to enrich a private family, which how well foever extracted, had been fcarce ever heard of in the nation before. At this time a treaty of marriage was depending between Charles then prince of Wales, and the Infanta of Spain. This was entered into by James, upon a prefumption, that fuch an alliance would put an end to the commotions of Europe, in which he was deeply involved, particularly on account of the Palfgrave, his fon-inlaw, who had been driven out of Germany. This great affair had been tranfacted folely by the earl of Bristol; who was ambaffador extraordinary to Spain; an honour which Buckingham could not fee him poffefs without envy. To deprive him of it, or at least to share it with him, he formed and executed one of the boldest and most extraordinary projects that were ever conceived. By this project, fuch was his good fortune, he not only anfwered his immediate purpofe, but fecured an intereft in the prince, which rendered his greatnefs permanent; that would elfe perhaps have ended with the king's life. He artfully infinuated to the prince the misfortune of having a wife intruded upon him, of whom he knew nothing but by the report of others, who were probably interested to deceive him. He then obferved how gallant and brave a thing it would be for his D highnefs |