services in five languages, but all the people understand that, despite having assistant pastors who speak their particular language, the American International Presbyterian Church is one organization only. The Sunday Bible School, however, is carried on altogether in English, because the children of the Russians, Ruthenians, Hungarians, and Italians learn English in the public school, as well as in the school held every week night in the rooms of the church for the study of our language. The average attendance at the Sunday Bible School is about five hundred, which is also the average number for the attendance at the church service in English. The services in the other languages bring together upwards of fifty persons

The work of this church is especially interesting at the present time, since some of its foreign factions represent European nations now at war with each other.

At a recent communion service in the church a large number of foreign-born Americans participated. Among other races represented there were Russians and Hungarians. Dr. Day said to them: "Think of it! In Europe your brothers are fighting each other, and here you Russians and Hungarians are communing together." And they replied: Yes, we are glad of it; this is best." This incident is not only a fair illustration of the spirit of this church, it ought to be an illustration of the spirit of America in international crises.

The new church was organized in the Labor Temple at Fourteenth Street and Second Avenue on February 15 of the present year. Already two hundred and ten persons have united with the church on profession of faith-a larger number on profession of faith than any other Presbyterian church in New York City can show in the same time. There have, of course, been others who have united by letters from Protestant denominations in widely contrasted regions of the world.

LABOR AND THE CHURCH

The work of the old Labor Temple, however, of which Dr. Day has been and is the superintendent, has been by no means discontinued. It persists more strenuously than ever. To take one branch of its social activity, we note that last winter its Free

thousand applications from those seeking work, and actually found places for about twenty-three hundred.

The church has also become a great forum for the discusssion of labor questions, especially at the meetings after the early service on Sunday evenings. The most striking feature of the past year has been the encounter with the Industrial Workers of the World under the direction of their energetic leader, Frank Tannenbaum, who came to the church asserting his well-known belief and theory that "might makes right." But Dr. Day handled the situation brought about by the Industrial Workers of the World in such a tactful way as to carry his point without serious conflict, allowing every opportunity and courtesy to his opponents in stating their case, but getting the better of the argument, as evidenced by the applause of the Indus. trial Workers of the World and the admission of their leader. A practical exemplification of the church's theory and belief that love, sympathy, and co-operation will work where the doctrine of "might makes right" does not was seen in the fact that from the first pinch of cold the unemployed were found sleeping on the cushions of the church pews and were fed and kept warm.

National attention should be drawn to the noble work of this church. It stands for what the Christian religion should stand-the gathering together of many hearts from many lands, the generous opportunity to protest given to those who think they have a grievance, sympathetic help and comfort to those who are oppressed, and the guidance of those who are in the wrong way into the right and divine way.

AN APPRECIATION

The Rev. Dr. James Morris Whiton, who has been for many years a member of the staff of The Outlook, has recently celebrated his sixtieth wedding anniversary. He is a fine example of intellectual vitality in advanced age of men whose lives have been sustained by many interests and freshened by vigorous intellectual work.

Dr. Whiton, who has entered upon his eighty-third year, was a graduate in the famous class of 1853 at Yale University. He rowed bow in the first boat race between Yale and Harvard. He has been all his life an active, progressive preacher, teacher, and writer. He is a classical scholar of distinction; but his interest has been in the onward movement

of the day rather than in the achievements of the past.

Dr. Holmes once said that it was perfectly safe to spoil a man after he was eighty; and Mr. John Bigelow, who died at the age of ninety-two, declared that a man could do anything he chose after he was ninety; by that time both his character and reputation were established. The associates of Dr. Whiton are glad of this opportunity of expressing frankly their appreciation of the high value of his work, its accuracy, intelligence, and prophetic quality. He is a man with a long past; but he is also a man of the future.

SCULPTURE AND THE WAR

The other day the eminent sculptor Mr. Daniel Chester French asked his pupils to put into plaster what they thought of the war. The result is a singularly interesting exhibition at the Reinhardt Galleries, 565 Fifth Avenue, New York City, given under the auspices of the society called "Friends of the Young Artists.”

It is impressive to note that the main impact of war on the minds of the young artists-who are mostly foreign-born-is pessimistic. Their impressions of war do not show us the glorification of armed conflict, but the ghastly results, not only on men, but especially on women and children. No one can look at the appealing mother and child by Gaston Nys which forms the frontispiece of the catalogue without poignantly realizing this. The gauntness, the devastation, the crucifixion of everything normal, sacred, holy, is everywhere present in this exhibition, and is varied only here and there by the virility and strenuousness of actual fighting. Possessed and absorbed by this feeling, the visitor to the exhibition forgets to criticise it as a technically sure or clear expression of art. While there is plenty to criticise adversely in this direction, at the same time it is the inner spirit which is the all-compelling thing-whether we see it showing war as brute force, as in the sculpture by Christian Petersen, whether we see it in all the grisly dreadfulness of the group by C. M. Lang, in the infinite pathos of the last farewell as sculptured by Jeanne Bertrand, or in the more sweeping and splendid, if more conventional, treatment of the soldier by James Vaccaro.

The exhibition deserves a visit. When has there been assembled a group of works

more vividly expressing the thought of all of us to-day? Those of us who have actually seen the war or who have been close to it can realize the appeal of the young sculptors.

TRUANCY: THE BOSTON PLAN

Individual treatment under normal conditions is the latest method of dealing with truants. This novel experiment, which is being worked out in the city of Boston, marks a significant forward step toward the solution of one of the most serious of educational problems.

The Boston "Parental School" for truants has been abolished and the two hundred and fifty inmates returned to home and school. Mr. George C. Minard, from his experience as superintendent of the truant school, is especially well qualified to take charge of these

pupils on probation." He is confident that most truants are the victims of "extraneous circumstances" and that very few are inherently bad. Sixty per cent of the boys at the Parental School were either whole or half orphans. Lack of proper care at home and physical or mental defection were found responsible for the large majority of cases. When such cases are placed in an institution, normal boys are subjected to conditions which are abnormal and to the influence of the few vicious truants.

Mr. Minard believes that every case of truancy is different from others, and he therefore deals with each one as an individual problem. A record of each truant's attendance, conduct, and scholarship-even his attitude toward authority-is kept by the supervisor. Each boy on probation must report periodically for consultation. His home is investigated, and parents and friends are interviewed. In this way the root of the trouble is often discovered-whether physical, mental, or temperamental-and the proper steps taken.

Children who do not get the right care at home are placed out. The boy who leaves school because he cannot get along in history, for instance, is recommended to an industrial school. Defectives and criminals, of which there are a few, are consigned to institutions. Most truants are placed in the disciplinary school, where the small classes of fifteen allow the individual study necessary. Free transportation and free noon lunches are offered those who need them. In most cases, after a few months of such treatment, the truant becomes a faithful attendant of his regular class.

The boy who runs away from school is, as a

rule, not a criminal, but in need of the personal touch and individual study. The progress of the Boston plan will be watched with interest.

QUARANTINE A

NATIONAL AFFAIR

In the United States there are only two ports whose quarantine stations are managed by local and State authorities. These are Baltimore and New York, the latter the most important port in the Western Hemisphere, and more than all others the one port in America, it would seem, in which quarantine should be the subject of National control.

In 1892 the New York Academy of Medicine placed itself at the head of the movement to secure Federal quarantine for New York, and has been fighting with unflagging zeal for this cause since that time.

Owing

to the grave danger that the epidemics which are beginning to sweep over Europe will be brought to this country by the rush of immigration expected after the war, the Academy has begun to press the issue with renewed vigor, and recently held a meeting in New York City, at which ex-President Taft was the principal speaker, in favor of transferring the New York quarantine station to Federal supervision. Other prominent Americans. who urged this measure by word or letter were Major-General William C. Gorgas; Miss Julia Lathrop, Chief of the Children's Bureau of the Department of Labor; Commissioner Daniels, of the Inter-State Commerce Commission; President Hibben, of Princeton University; Dr. Charles W. Eliot; Dr. Harvey W. Wiley; the health commissioners of a dozen or more American cities; and the New York Republican Club, which cheerfully urges that the quarantine post, indubitably a fat political plum, be transferred from the jurisdiction of a Republican State administration to the supervision of a Democratic National Administration.

No question has been raised concerning the qualifications of the present quarantine officer at New York, however. But, for social, administrative, and political reasons, modern maritime quarantine is a matter essentially National in character and importance.

For instance, as Dr. E. H. Lewinski-Corwin, of the New York Academy of Medicine, points out, "when New York quarantines vessels and passengers infected with malaria, it is not protecting the citizens of New York so much as those of the South."

The United States cannot guarantee the

uniform observance of the international quarantine agreements to which it is a party unless all quarantine stations are under its control. Moreover, all the services relating to the administration of the Port of New York are under Federal control except quarantine, which is logically part of the immigration service.

Finally, it is not fair that New York should bear alone the expense of a health protection outpost whose services benefit every State in the Union.

MAKING NEGRO LIVES COUNT

Hampton Institute has just taken a big step forward by having made for its educational and financial campaign, which is being successfully conducted throughout the Middle West, a set of motion pictures-" Making Negro Lives Count "-that shows vividly the disheartening conditions that still exist among Southern Negroes, and the means of bringing new life to the South through the general introduction of industrial training for Negro boys and girls.

Shabby cabins and ramshackle outbuildings, ill-kept fields with pigs, chickens, and ragged children galore, tell the story of neglected rural life among Negroes. The sad old mule and the ill-fed steer, dragging by the doorway where the Negro woman washes early and late for a mere pittance, give a true picture of every-day life in hundreds of communities. Street scenes peopled with many loafing Negroes show the need of getting black folks to work and build up country life. The scene changes to Hampton Institute, where tradesmen, teachers, and community leaders are being trained. Boys are shown busy at their every-day work in the common trades (carpentry, bricklaying, and blacksmithing) and at farming, just plain farming -plowing, harvesting, and caring for stock. Girls are seen washing, ironing, sewing, cooking, weaving, and making gardens. They are being trained for home-making and schoolteaching. Farmers by the hundreds come to Hampton to learn how to do better plowing, to judge cattle, and grow better farm crops.

This film story of Southern black life, careless and backward, also shows what Hampton-trained Negroes do when they return home: clean up houses, back yards, and outbuildings; teach children to plant flowers, shrubs, and trees around newly painted or whitewashed fences and buildings;

show the farmers how to make a better living and really love the land; make clean, attractive, Christian homes.

Industrial training and good citizenship go hand in hand. Nearly eight thousand Hampton graduates and former students, for example, have been quietly demonstrating the truth of this proposition for nearly fifty years.

A TOUR OF LOUISIANA

In response to an invitation of prominent colored citizens of Louisiana to tour the State, Dr. Booker Washington, with a party of twenty-five educated colored men, recently visited and held meetings in New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Shreveport, and other places. Negroes came on mule-back, in carriages, and in wagons, ten, twenty, even forty miles, to hear the most distinguished member of their race.

In Shreveport there was an audience of over ten thousand. It included not only colored citizens, but many white people as well. There Dr. Washington was introduced by ex-Governor Blanchard. The Mayor of the city was present also. To white and black alike ex-Governor Blanchard said: "Our country needs to have white and black people sober, honest, frugal, and thrifty. Booker Washington stands for these things. He advises and counsels and leads along these lines. Hear him and heed his words."

In New Orleans Mayor Behrman testified before a great audience that the colored people of the city in the battles which that city had waged successfully against disease had lent every bit of assistance that they could in the work.

At the railway stations where the party passed Negroes by the thousand gathered and welcomed their leader.

And wherever Dr. Washington went he preached his gospel of thrift, good feeling, industry, and use of present opportunities. He urged the Negroes to stay in the country, where the soil and the rain and the sun draw no color line. He urged his hearers not to live in a knapsack, but to settle down and to get property. He told them that for fifty years the white man had been carrying the Negro on his back and that he was getting tired. He bade them consider how they could use at home what they had learned at school. And he advised them not to talk about white people, but to talk to them, to make friends with them, and then not to be content with asking for money for schools,

but to be willing to vote money for schools themselves.

In addressing the whites Dr. Washington spoke wisely, as he habitually does. He said that it was better to educate Negroes than to take care of criminals; that Louisiana paid too high a compliment to Negro children by assuming that a Negro child could get a satisfactory education by giving him only three or four months' schooling in the year; that the Nation hears too much about lynchings and racial difficulties and too little about the evidences of racial friendship and good will which exist in the majority of communities. And he added that Negroes imitated the white men closely, and that if white people break the law, drink, and gamble, then Negroes will break the law, drink, and gamble; but if white people are sober, lawabiding, and industrious, then Negroes will be much like them in those respects.

PROGRESS AT SING SING

While Thomas Mott Osborne, Warden of Sing Sing, who introduced self-government among the inmates last December on taking charge of the institution, does not claim that his experiment has yet ceased to be an experiment, he is more encouraged than ever at the end of nearly five months under the new system to believe that it will solve the problem of prison discipline. The fact that there is some friction among the members of the Mutual Welfare League, the prisoners' organization, Mr. Osborne regards as a healthy sign, since it means that the men are beginning to rouse themselves from prison lethargy and to think and act of their own initiative.

Naturally, not all of the inmates of Sing Sing are pleased with existing conditions, because those who had been given special privileges under the old régime no longer enjoy them.

Fighting among the more turbulent of the prisoners is the offense most often committed in Sing Sing; and, while the prisoners' court always deals severely with this breach of the rules, one of the results of placing disciplinary powers in the hands of the self-elected officers of the League is that they have more than once assumed greater authority than it was intended they should exert, and have themselves inflicted physical punishment upon these offenders on the spot. It was difficult

at first to make the men understand that they

were unjustified in thrashing a man who had sought a quarrel with another and attempted to thrash him, and the judges were inclined to wink at such action. Warden Osborne, therefore, believes that a distinct improvement in the morale of the League was marked by the action of the prisoners' court early in April, when a very popular deputy sergeantat-arms was removed from office and sentenced to fifteen days' loss of privileges, as punishment for having personally chastised an exceedingly unpopular and quarrelsome prisoner he had discovered in the act of assaulting another.

SOME PRACTICAL RESULTS

That general conditions at Sing Sing have improved under Mr. Osborne's administration is shown by trustworthy reports that have reached The Outlook.

The use of drugs among the prisoners has practically ceased, and, while a few bottles of whisky were smuggled into the prison in April, the Warden was able to trace that phenomenon to a deliberate attempt on the part of outside enemies of the new system to create trouble. There are 300 members of a knitting class at Sing Sing, who have already sent more than 750 pieces of their work-sweaters, caps, scarfs, etc.-to the suffering women and children among the Poles. (Incidentally they knitted a complete worsted suit-cap, leggings, and coat—for the recently arrived son of Governor Whitman, which was accepted with a cordial letter of thanks that is now framed upon a wall of the knitting-class room.) Fifty prisoners are studying shorthand and thirty industrial drawing; there are ten members of a mandolin club; and a class of twenty is awaiting the installation of the instruments presented by the Western Union Company to take up the study of telegraphy. A class in clay-modeling is in prospect, and others in languagesFrench, Italian, Spanish, and German, in addition to those in English. The men not otherwise engaged in the evening are being taught chorus singing. Baseball, tennis, boxing, and other amusements are going on in the prison yard during recreation hours daily.

Mr. Osborne is encouraging the visits of educational societies to Sing Sing, not only for the humanizing effect upon visitors, but because it is calculated to have a like effect upon the prisoners. It so happened that the members of the School of Philanthropy