procure friends, foil enemies, and entice them all alike into that commercial web which it keeps continually spread over the four corners of the world. It would be impossible for it not to perceive the progress it would make towards rendering Spain one of its colonies, if it could only succeed in making the people of that country fraternize with itself in religious ideas; not so much on account of the good will which such fraternization would promote between the two people, as of the assurance it gives that Spaniards would lose those peculiar and austere characteristics which distinguish them from other people; and that, forgetting the only national and regenerating ideas which had remained in force during so many frightful reverses, they would become susceptible of all kinds of strange impressions, and be influenced by all those opinions which the interested views of a deceitful protector might deem suitable and desirable.

"It was in the autumn of 1805, whilst Pitt was giving a dinner in the country to his friends that a despatch arrived announcing the surrender of Muck, in Ulm, with forty thousand men, and the march of Napoleon in Vienna. Pitt communicated the fatal news to his friends, who exclaimed, All is now lost; we can do nothing against Napoleon.' Yes we can,' replied Pitt, a national war against him must be raised in Europe, and that war must commence in Spain. Yes, gentlemen,' he added, Spain will be the first nation where that patriotic war will be enkindled which can alone deliver Europe.' Such was the importance which the above named profound statesman attributed to the power of a national war, and such was the extent of hope it afforded him.

"It is not impossible that, amidst the changes operating in their unfortunate country, the foolish attempt to introduce Protestantism will be made therein by some short-sighted individuals. We have been too much alarmed to rest quietly, and we have not forgotten certain events which clearly indicate the height to which the audacity of certain men would have attained, had it not been checked by the imposing dissent of the immense majority of the nation. It is not easy to imagine that the violences of the reign of Henry VIII will be repeated here; nevertheless, if-advantage being taken of a violent rupture with the holy see, of the obstinacy and ambition of a few ecclesiastics, and of the pretext of rendering a spirit of toleration indigenous to our soil-the attempt to introduce Protestant doctrines among us be made, those violences may be anticipated.

"And assuredly we need not that toleration be

imported here from any foreign nation; already does it exist, and so amply, that no one fears being persecuted, or even molested, on account of his religious opinions; but it is a new system of religion that is sought to be imported and planted here; a system which would take advantage of all means to obtain a predominance, as well as to weaken, and, if possible, annihilate Catholicism. I am much deceived if, in the blindness and malice of certain individuals who call themselves statesmen, the new system, once admitted amongst us, would not be protected by them. When it is first proposed to introduce the novelty, it will assume a modest guise, demanding only a habitation in the name of toleration and hospitality. It will, however, be soon seen increasing in audacity, claiming rights, extending its pretensions, and openly disputing the ground with Catholicism. Then will resound more vigorously than ever those rancorous and virulent denunciations which have wearied us for some time; those echoes of a raving, because expiring, school. The indifference with which the people will regard the pretended reformation will, in all probability, be deemed rebellious; the bishops' pastorals qualified as insidious suggestions; the fervent zeal of the Catholic priests, termed a seditious provocative; and the determination of the Catholics to preserve themselves from the infection, called a diabolical conspiracy hatched by intolerance and party spirit, and worked out by ignorance and fanaticism.

"In the midst of the efforts of some, and the resistance of others, bygone scenes will be more or less parodied; and although the spirit of moderation, which is one of the characteristics of the times, would prevent the repetition of those excesses which stain with blood the annals of other nations, it could not hinder the imitation thereof. For it is necessary to bear in mind that in religious matters in Spain, that coolness and indifference cannot be maintained, which, in case of a conflict, may be preserved in other countries at present, where religious sentiment has lost much of its force, whilst in Spain it is still both profound and energetic. The day on which the combat is to take place will be one of general as well as of melancholy commotion. Up to the present time, although lamentable scandals and even horrible catastrophes have been the results of intermeddling with religious matters, there are not wanting more or less transparent disguises to cover perverse intentions. At one time the attack has been directed against this or that person accused of political machinations; at another,

against certain classes of men charged with imaginary crimes; occasionally, revolutionary principles have overflowed all bounds, and then it has been said that it was impossible to restrain them, and that all the desecration and mockery of sacred objects which followed were the inevitable consequences of popular frenzy. So far, a veil has been always at hand to disguise matters. But when Catholicism is attacked premeditatedly in all its dogmas, despised in its principal points of discipline, ridiculed in its most august mysteries and in its most sacred ceremonies; when one temple will be erected against the other, and pulpit against pulpitwhat will be the result? The minds of the people will be undoubtedly exasperated to the extreme, and even if no rightful explosion ensue after all, as is to be feared, the religious controversy at all events will be of so violent a character, that it will forcibly bring back to our memories the sixteenth century with all its enormities.

"The result of the want of harmony is, that in Spain the government exercises a very limited influence over the people-by influence, being understood that moral ascendancy which needs not the accompaniment of force. Much may be expected from the good sense of the Spanish nation, and from its proverbial gravity, increased by so many misfortunes; much also may be hoped from that circumspection which makes it distinguish so well the true road to its felicity, and which renders it deaf to the insidious measures adopted to mislead it. If, for many years past, through a fatal combination of circumstances and the want of harmony in the political and social order, no government has arisen which is the true interpretation of the instinct and tendencies of the Spanish people, and which is calculated to lead it into the right path of prosperity, let us nourish the hope that that day will yet arrive, and that the harmony which is now wanting, and the equilibrium which has been lost, will yet arise out of the bosom of that community which is so rich in vitality and promise. In the meantime it is highly important that all those who have Spanish hearts beating in their bosoms, and who are not content to see the very entrails of their country torn away, should unitedly endeavor to prevent the genius of evil from scattering in our soil the seed of eternal discord, thus adding another calamity to the calamities already inflicted on us, and thus stifling those precious germs from which our renascent civilization is to spring up more glorious and beautiful than ever, raising itself from that dejection and prostration wherein unfortunate circumstances have long detained it. VOL. I.-No. 1.

How replete with heavy grief is the very thought that the day may yet come when that religious unity is to disappear from amongst us, which is identified with our habits, our usages, our customs, and our laws-that unity which watched over the cradle of our monarchy in the cavern of Cavadonga,* which was the motto of our standard during a struggle of eight centuries with the formidable power of the Crescent, which vigorously restored our civilization in the midst of commotions, which accompanied our terrible battalions when they imposed silence on all Europe, which conducted our mariners to the discovery of new worlds and to the first circumnavigation of the globe, and which, in more recent times, put the seal upon so many great exploits by overthrowing Napoleon Bonaparte.

"Do ye, who with such precipitate rashness condemn the work of ages, who with so much hardihood contemn the Spanish nation, and who blacken with barbarism and obscurantism the principle which presided over our civilization— do ye know whom ye are insulting? Do ye know whence flowed the genius of the great Gonzalo, of Hernan Cortes, of Pizarro, of the conqueror of Lepanto? Do the shades of Garcilaso, of Herrera, Ercilla, Luis de Leon, Cervantes, and Lope de Vega, excite no respect within you? Will ye dare then to burst the bond which unites us to them, and make us the unworthy descendants of such illustrious characters? Do ye seek to separate our belief from their belief, our customs from their customs, thus severing all our traditions, obliterating all our glorious records, and only leaving amongst us great and august monuments which the devotion of our ancestors transmitted to us, and which will stand as the severest and most eloquent censurers of your conduct? Are ye desirous that those rich sources should be dried up, whence we may derive the means of resuscitating literature, strengthening science, reorganizing legislation, re-establishing the spirit of nationality, restoring our glory, and of replacing this unfortunate nation in the high position which its virtues merit, giving to it that happiness and that prosperity for which it is so laboriously struggling, and which it already augurs in its heart?"

INDIA.-MADRAS.-Statistics.-St. Thomas' Mount.-Catholic Mission.-St. Patrick's church, at St. Thomas' Mount, was built in 1841, by the Right Rev. Dr. Carew, then Vicar Apostolic

*It was at Cavadonga that the partizans of Pelagio secretly assembled to adopt measures against the Moors.

8

of Madras and Meliapore. As this church was built principally for the use of the European military at that station, the Government contributed to its erection the sum of three thousand rupees; the whole expense of the building was eight thousand rupees. The ground upon which it stands had previously cost the mission twelve hundred rupees. The Catholic congregation belonging to this church numbers eleven hundred and twenty-eight souls, of whom seven hundred and seventy-seven are natives; the rest are East Indians and Europeans, of whom one hundred and nineteen belong to the efficient artillerymen. This congregation is confined to a very narrow district, scarcely exceeding five square miles; it extends two miles to the south, as far as the four bazars on the way to Palavaram; it extends also two miles to the east, as far as Little Mount; but on the north it only extends a quarter of a mile, and the same distance to the west. Within these narrow limits there is a population of sixty-four thousand seven hundred and eighteen souls, of whom forty-nine thousand three hundred and sixty are Pagans, thirteen thousand five hundred and eighteen Mahomedans, eleven hundred and twenty-eight Catholics, four hundred and ninetyfour Protestants, and two hundred and eighteen Schismatics. The Schismatics are all natives, including but few of the Tamil community; the Protestants consist principally, of artillerymen with their wives and children; ninety-three are native pariahs, of whom twenty-two have already made so great a progress in Protestantism, that they profess the principles of the Unitarians. In the Chucklers' village, about a quarter of a mile to the north of St. Patrick's church, is the oratory of the Immaculate Conception, built by some native headmen in 1796. The native Christians of the village assemble here to join in prayer morning and evening; and they celebrate the feast of the Immaculate Conception for nine days on each recurring anniversary. In this same village there is another oratory dedicated to the B. V. Mary (Queen of Heaven) built by some native Catholic headmen about fifty years ago; it is at present in the hands of Schismatics. The church Expectatio Partus, on the top of the Mount, is also in possession of a Schismatic priest; it was built about two hundred years ago. The Protestant church at this station cost the Government forty-five thousand rupees. The Protestant chaplain is the Rev. W. T. Blenkinsop, who, between palanquein allowances, sacramental allowances, establishment and chaplaincy, is in the annual receipt of nine thousand six hundred and twenty-five Company's rupees. After eighteen years' service (including three

years' furlough) he may retire on the pay of lieutenant-colonel, three hundred and sixty-five pounds sterling per annum. The same regulation applies to all Protestant chaplains who received their appointments before 31st August, 1836. In case of bad health they may retire, after ten years' actual service, on the half-pay of lieutenant-colonel, or two hundred pounds fifteen shillings sterling per annum; and after seven years' actual service they may retire on one hundred and seventy-three pounds seven shillings and sixpence sterling, a year, or the half-pay of major. There are thirteen schools in the district, viz: four Catholic, one Schismatic, and eight Protestant. The Catholic soldiers, by their voluntary contributions, support a male and a female English free school, in which seventy-two children receive instruction, viz: fortyeight males and twenty-four females. In the female school there are but three native children; in the male school there are twenty, of whom eight are Pagans. The Vicar Apostolic supports two Tamil schools, one at Lascar village, the other at St. Patrick's church. In these fortysix native children are instructed, of whom nine are Pagans. The Schismatic school is supported by Don Antonio; the pupils are fifteen in number, five Pagans and ten Schismatics. The two regimental schools, male and female, are supported by government, and are conducted on proselytising principles. The male school has three European Protestant masters, and ninetynine pupils, of whom forty-eight are Pagans; the rest are East Indians or European Protestants.

The female regimental free school has sixty pupils under the care of one European schoolmistress. No natives attend. The Wesleyan Tamil free school has one native master and fifteen scholars, viz: nine Pagans and six Schismatics. No professed Wesleyan; but all are marched regularly on Sundays and Wednesdays to the Wesleyan church. The Unitarian Tamil free school has one native master and six pupils, viz: three professed Unitarians and three Pagans. Mrs. Cook's Tamil free school has sixteen scholars, viz: five Protestants and eleven Pagans, under one native master. Mrs. Gordon's two English schools are supported by contributions; sixty-six children are brought up to several trades; they are well fed and well clad; their labor of course contributes to defray the expenses of the establishment. This is the only school in which the females are as numerous as the males: fifty-nine out of sixty-six are Pagans, and are regularly marched to the Protestant church on Sundays and to the Wesleyan church on Wednesdays. There is another free school, said to

be supported by a Protestant clergyman, which has twenty-five scholars, under the care of an East Indian master. In this school there are six East Indians, viz: three Catholics and three Protestants; the rest are natives, seventeen Pagans and two Catholics. Thus in the Catholic schools one hundred and eighteen children receive instruction, viz: seventeen Pagans and one hundred and one Catholics, of whom fifty-two are natives. In the other nine schools, which are supported by Protestants and Schismatics, three hundred and two children are instructed, viz: one hundred and fifty-two Pagans, sixteen Schismatics, five nominal Catholics, and one hundred and twenty-nine Protestants, including three professed Unitarians. From the year 1937, when Dr. O'Connor first opened this little mission, up to the present time, one hundred and five converts have been gained to the Catholic faith, viz: thirty-seven Protestants and sixty-eight Pagans. The Rev. C. Murphy receives fifty rupees a month from Government for attending the Catholic soldiers at this station.-Madras Catholic Expositor for June.

ALGIERS.-The inauguration of the relics of St. Augustine, in a chapel built on the ruins of the ancient Hippo, took place on the 28th, 29th, and 30th of last October, in the presence of an immense crowd of persons.-True Tablet.

DOMESTIC.

ARCHDIOCESS OF BALTIMORE.-The 14th of last December was observed throughout the state of Maryland as a day of thanksgiving, and divine service was performed in the churches generally. In the Cathedral of Baltimore, the Rev. James Ryder, president of Georgetown College, delivered a brilliant and eloquent discourse in behalf of St. Mary's Female Orphan Asylum, and a collection was taken, amounting to upwards of three hundred dollars. The congregation of the Cathedral were favored with several other discourses from this talented gentleman during his stay in the city, and we learn that his lectures have produced the most salutary impression. We cannot but express the fond inquiry, quando reverteris?

DIOCESS OF BOSTON.-The statistics of this diocess having been received too late for insertion in the Metropolitan Catholic Almanac, we publish them for the satisfaction of all who desire to be correctly informed.

CHURCHES AND CLERGY.
MASSACHUSETTS.

Boston.-Cathedral of the Holy Cross,-Rt. Rev.
Benedict Fenwick, D. D.; Very Rev. Wm. Ty-

Hartford.-Trinity church,-Rev. Jno. D. Brady. Cabbotsville.-Church not dedicated,-Rev. John D. Brady.

Middletown.-Vacant, served from Hartford. New Haven.-Christ church,-Rev. Jas. Smyth. Bridgeport.-St. James, Ap's,-Vacant, served from New Haven.

New London, Northampton, Norwich, and Saxonville, served from Worcester.

NEW HAMPSHIRE. Claremont.-Church not dedicated. Bellow's Falls.-Visited occasionally. Dover.-St. Aloysius',-Rev. Patrick Canavan. Portsmouth and Newburyport, served from Dover.

VERMONT.

Burlington.-St. Peter's,-Rev. J. O'Callaghan. St.Alban's and Montpelier,served from Burlington. Middleburg.-Church not dedicated,- Vacant. Castleton.-Church not dedicated,-Vacant. Pittsford, Bennington, Manchester, Berkshire, and Sheldon, served from Burlington.

MAINE.

Portland.-St. Dominick's,-Rev. P. O'Beirne. Whitefield.—St. Dennis',—Rev. D. Ryan. Augusta.-Church not dedicated.

New Castle.-St. Patrick's,-Vacant.
Gardiner.-Served from Whitefield.
Bangor.-St. Michael's,-Rev. Thomas O'Sul-
livan.

Old Town.-St. Ann's,-Served from Bangor.
Eastport.-St. Joseph's,-Rev. John B. Daly.
Pleasant Point.-St. Ann's,-Rev. M. Desmil-
liers.

Benedicta.-Church not dedicated,-Rev. Manasses Dougherty.

Institutions.-There is no convent in the diocess. At Boston there is a female orphan asylum-and there are various schools in the different cities and towns.

DIOCESS OF NEW YORK.-Death of Bishop Dubois.-In the dispensations of Divine Providence, it has become this week our melancholy duty to announce the death of the Rt. Rev. John Dubois, third bishop of New York. He departed this life at nine o'clock on the morning of Tuesday, the 20th of December, in the seventy-ninth year of his age.

Bishop Dubois was born in Paris on the 24th of August, 1764. Even from the earliest years he was remarkable for those qualities which adorned his after career; perseverance, energy, firmness, and devotion. In September, 1787, being then in the twenty-third year of his age, he was ordained priest. He continued to officiate until the outbreak of the French revolution, when, like many others of his brethren in the priesthood, he was forced to seek abroad that safety for life, and that security to perform the duties of his vocation, denied to him at home by the violence of wicked men. But, unlike most of his brethren, instead of retiring to Great Britain and other adjacent countries, he emigrated to the United States, and arrived at Richmond, Virginia, in July, 1791. A stranger and an emigrant priest, he was received with the greatest kindness by the illustrious men of the time, the Washingtons, the Marshalls, the Henrys, the Randolphs, to whom he had come, recommended by letters from their friend and fellow soldier in the war of American independence, General Lafayette. During two years he continued among them, improving himself in English, and at the same time giving lessons in French in some of those distinguished families, whilst he administered the consolations of religion to the Catholics of the vicinity. In 1794, the venerable Archbishop Carroll appointed him pastor of a congregation in Frederick, Maryland. In 1808, he founded Mount St. Mary's College, now one of the most popular and prosperous literary institutions in the country. In the same year he was charged with the superintendence of a com

munity of religious ladies, at St. Joseph's,* who had taken the resolution to consecrate themselves to the service of God, and of the poor for God's sake. They were but three or four, having the late amiable and saintly Mrs. Seton, of this city, for their mother superior. This mustard seed, Bishop Dubois was appointed to plant and protect, and like his college, he lived to see it become a tree extending its branches to every part of the country-for who has heard of orphans, and not heard of the "Sisters of Charity."

In 1826, Dr. Dubois was appointed bishop of New York, and consecrated on the 29th of October of that year-and died consequently in the sixteenth year of his episcopacy, and the fiftyfifth of his priesthood.

He was a faithful and laborious missionary— walking in devotion to his sacred ministry, and his God-and carrying with him as he passed from youth to old age, through a long and spotless life, the esteem and veneration of all who knew him. His death was like his life-a beautiful and profound lesson of edification to those who had the melancholy consolation of witnessing it.

After solemn funeral service in the Cathedral, on yesterday, his remains were interred in the vault in front of the church.-N. Y. Freem. Jour.

DIOCESS OF PHILADELPHIA.-Ordination.On Saturday last, tonsure and minor orders were conferred by the bishop on Hugh Lane, Michael Mitchell, Hugh Fitzsimmons, John R. Klenidam, John Flanagan, Wm. Jennings, and Hugh Brady; and subdeaconship on Isaac P. Howell, Philip Farrell, John Macken, and Dominic Forestill, all students of the theological seminary of St. Charles Borromeo.-Catholic Herald.

The Protestant Association.-MR. EDITOR,— By a sort of proclamation published in several of the city daily papers, it appears that a mighty effort is to be made to annihilate the Catholic religion—if possible-before the annihilation of the world, even if that were to be consummated according to the prophetic rodomontade of the soi disant Reverend Doctor Deist Farmer Miller.

An Association of Ministers! (whose vocation should be to preach peace and good will to men), whose avowed object is, to preach discord-to "denounce" and " decry" their neighbors for the exercise of their religion::-a combination of any or every denomination is projected, for the purpose of uniting in phalanx, to put forth its energies to stay the wonderful increase of "Popery."

The following extract is copied from the Chronicle:

*This was in 1809.