naturam pauca videmus | Esse opus omnino; Manil. 4. 8. sqq. fugit: cf. the anni recedentes, A. P. 176.

6. levis unshorn, smooth-cheeked, cf. 4. 6. 28, and contra, hispidam, 4. 10. 5. -arida: cf. 4. 13. 9; Shaks. As You Like It, 4. 3: High top bald with dry antiquity,' Much Ado, 4. 1: 'Time hath not yet so dried this blood of mine.' Plut. an Sen. ger. rep.

9; ἀζαλέῳ γήρᾳ, vizened.

7. lascivos: 1. 19. 3; 3. 15. 12; 4. 11, 23.

8. canitie: 1. 9. 17. facilem: 3. 21. 4.

9. non semper: So. 2. 9. 1. Nature herself teaches mutability. Cf. 4. 7. 7. — honor: beauty's bloom. Cf. Epode 11. 6; 17. 18; cf. Martial, 6. 80. 5, tantus veris honos et odorae gratia florae; cf. 1. 17. 16. n.

10. rubens: This blush is as conventional as that which 'paints' earth, flowers, berries, and dawn in Pope's pastorals. But rubens may be simply bright, ayλabs. Cf. Claudian, 29. 7, aeterno sed veris honore rubentes. Propert. 1. 10. 8, Et mediis caelo Luna ruberet equis. Verg. G. 1. 431, Vento semper rubet aurea Phoebe is not to the point.

For moon as type of change, cf. Juliet's 'O swear not by the moon, the inconstant moon | That monthly changes in her circled orb.' Ov. Met. 15. 196, nec par aut eadem nocturnae forma Dianae | Esse potest umquam.' Hence Spenser, Mutability, 7. 50, 'Besides, her face and countenance every day | We changed see and sundry forms partake | Now horned, now round, now bright, now brown and gray; | So that, as changeful as the moon men used to say.' "This Worlde's blisse | That changeth as the moon.' Nutbrowne Maid.

11-12. aeternis . . . consiliis: long thoughts' (cf. 1. 11. 6; 4. 7. 7), thoughts that wander through eternity,' or ceaseless anxieties.

12. consiliis: with both fatigas and minorem (unequal to them). 13. cur non abrupt transition in imagination to a simple Anacreontic carouse in application of these principles of sober sweet Epicurean life.' - vel. vel: the choice is indifferent. - pla

14. pinu 2. 3. 9; cf. Tenn. 'under plane or pine.' Fitzgerald, Rubaiyat, 12, 'A book of verses underneath the bough, | A jug

of wine, a loaf of bread and thou.'-sic temere: OUTWs Eikî, Plat. Gorg. 506 D.; cf. Plat. Symp. 176 E; Verg. Aen. 9. 329, temere inter tela iacentes. Munro on Lucret. 5. 970; supra, 1. 12. 7. The careless easy-going phrase contrasts with Quintius's strenuous mood. Cf. Thomson, Summer, 'on the dark-green grass. . . lie at large.'- rosa: cf. 1. 38. 3.; Herrick, 583, Bring me my rosebuds, drawer, come; | So, while I thus sit, crowned; | Ile drink the aged Cecubum, untill the roofe turne round.'

15. Canos: Horace was praecanus. Cf. Epp. 1. 20. 24; Ode, 3. 14. 25. The Pseudo-Anacreon frequently alludes to his кóμŋ λευκή. Cf. further Lovelace, When flowing cups run swiftly round, | With no allaying Thames, | Our careless heads with roses crowned, | Our hearts with loyal flames.'

16. dum licet: Gather ye rose-buds while ye may,' Herrick, 208; cf. 4. 12. 26; 2. 3. 15. — Assyria: cf. 2.7. 8 ; 1. 31. 12 ; 3. 1. 44. Martial, 8. 77. 3, si sapis Assyrio semper tibi crinis amomo | splendeat, et cingant florea serta caput.

17. dissipat: cf. 1. 18. 4; 3. 21. 16. n. ; 4. 12. 20; Theog. 883, τοῦ πίνων ἀπὸ μὲν χαλεπὰς σκεδάσεις μελεδώνας, Eurip. Bacch. 280. Euhius cf. 1. 18. 9. n.

:

18. edaces: cf. 1. 18. 4. n.

quis: cf. 2. 7. 23. - puer : (slave)

boy: cf. φέρ' ὕδωρ φέρ' οἶνον ὦ παῖ, Anacr. fr. 63, 64.

6

19. restinguet: cf. Shaks. Cor. 1. 1, A cup of hot wine with not a drop of allaying Tiber in't.' ardentis: cf. Juv. Sat. 4. 138, cum pulmo Falerno arderet; 10. 27, et lato Setinum ardebit in auro. Eurip. Alc. 758, φλόξ οἴνου. Plato, Laws, 666 A.

21. devium: coy(?), way-ward, or dwelling apart, with eliciet softens the bluntness of scortum: lure the wayward wench.

22-23. eburna : inlaid with ivory, éλepavtóderos. Ar. Aves, 218. - dic age: 3. 4. 1. -dic .. maturet: 3. 14. 21.

23. in comptum: her hair bound back in (to) a neat knot in the manner of a Spartan girl. Bentley, followed by several editors, reads incomptam. . . comam nodo, which does just as well, but is unnecessary. For Spartan coiffure, cf. Propert. 4. 13. 28, est neque odoratae cura molesta comae. Ar. Lysist. 1316; Ov. Met. 8. 318 (Atalanta). For motif, cf. 3. 14. 21.

Ronsard à son Page: 'Et dy à Barbe qu'elle vienne | Les cheveux tors à la façon | D'une folâtre Italienne.'

ODE XII.

You would not have me adapt to the lyre's strains the wars of Rome and the mythical combats of Greece, O Maecenas. You yourself will more fitly narrate in prose story the exploits of Caesar. Me the muse bids sing of my lady Licymnia, her bright eyes, her singing, her dancing, her kisses dearer to thee than all the unspoiled treasures of Araby.

Licymnia is said to stand for the capricious wife of Maecenas, Terentia (Schol. Sat. 1. 2. 64), as Clodia for Lesbia in Catullus, Delia for Plania in Tibullus, Cynthia for Hostia in Propertius. Cf. Apuleius Apol. 10; Prior, Euphelia serves to grace my measure, | But Chloe is my real flame.' But the Latin poets used metrical equivalents, as Pope did when he substituted Atticus for Addison.

There is a translation in Dodsley's Poets, 4. 281.

1. longa.

Numantiae :

141-133 B.C., ended by Scipio Africanus Minor. For their desperate defense and final suicide en masse, cf. Florus, 2. 18. 15; Cervantes's play; and Schopenhauer's epigram.

2. durum: so Mss.; note antithesis with mollibus. Many read dirum. Cf. 3. 6. 36; 4. 4. 42; and Quintil. 8. 2. 9.

...

3. Poeno. sanguine: In first Punic war at Mylae, B.C. 260, and Aegates Insulae, B.c. 242. Cf. 3. 6. 34.

10, imbellisque lyrae.

mollibus: cf. 1. 6.

5-8. Cf. Spenser's Vergil's Gnat, 5-6, 'For not these leaves do sing that dreadful stound, | When giants' blood did stain Phlegraean ground, | Nor how th' half horsey people, Centaurs hight, | Fought with the bloody Lapithaes at board.'

5. Lapithas: cf. on 1. 18. 8. - nimium mero: cf. Tac. Hist. 1. 35, nimii verbis; 4. 23, rebus secundis nimii; 1. 13. 10; 1.36. 13. 6. Hylaeus: cf. Verg. G. 2. 457, et magno Hylaeum Lapithis cratere minantem. - Herculea manu: cf. 1. 3. 36. The oracle had declared that the gods could subdue the earthborn giants (ynyeveîs) only with the aid of a mortal. Cf. on 3. 4. 42 sqq.

7. unde: whence = from whom. Cf. 1. 12. 17; 2. 13. 16, aliunde; Sat. 1. 6. 12.

:

8. fulgens . domus cf. on 1. 3. 29; 3. 3. 33; Verg. Aen. 10. 101; Munro on Lucret. 2. 1110; F. Q. 1. 5. 19, 'That shining lamps in Jove's high house were light.'. contremuit: cf. 3. 4. 49; 2. 19. 21 sqq.

9. tuque: emphatic, and thou virtually = but thou rather. Cf. que in 2. 20. 4. — pedestribus: TeŚw λów. Cf. Plato, Sophist. 237 A. Horace is said to be the earliest Latin author to borrow the expression. Cf. Sat. 2. 6. 17, satiris musaque pedestri.

10. proelia Caesaris: cf. Sat. 2. 1. 10; Epist. 2. 1. 250 sqq. We cannot infer that Maecenas actually treated these themes which Horace's modesty declines.

11. ducta: in triumph. Cf. 1. 12. 54; 1. 2. 49; 4. 2. 50.

12. colla: cf. Cons. ad Liviam, 273, aspiciam regum liventia colla catenis; Propert. 2. 1. 34, aut regum auratis circumdata colla catenis, | Actiaque in Sacra currere rostra via. The whole passage is in the vein of this ode. -minacium: sc. before the battle. Cf. 2. 7. 11; 4. 3. 8, quod regum tumidas contuderit minas.

13. me: cf. on 1. 1. 29; 4. 1. 29. dominae: domina under the empire came to = Mrs., madam, my lady. It also belonged to the lover's vocabulary - my queen.' A self-respecting Roman could use the term where dominus would have been servile. Licymniae: Terentia, if she is meant, was the half-sister of L. Licinius Murena. Cf. on 2. 10. Maecenas is apparently a bachelor in the Epodes, but was married at the time of Murena's fall. Cf. Sueton. Aug. 66. A modern gentleman would hardly write in this style of his friend's wife. But Terentia's coquetry was common gossip. Cf. Dio. 54. 19; Sen. de Prov. 3. 10, morosae uxoris cotidiana repudia.

14. lucidum: adverbial. Cf. 1. 22. 23; 2. 19. 6; 3. 27. 67. So Homer, Il. 2. 269.

15. bene preferably with fidum. Cf. Cicero ad Att. 14. 7, litterae bene longae. So in French bien long. Verg. Aen. 2. 23. has male fida.

17. ferre pedem: cf. Verg. G. 1. 11, ferte simul Faunique pedem Dryadesque puellae. — dedecuit: litotes; it became her well (Ov. Am. 1. 7. 12). A Roman lady might so condescend at a religious solemnity. Cf. A. P. 232, ut festis matrona moveri iussa diebus.

Or she may have danced and sung in private in the relaxation of the old Roman severity. Cf. on. 3. 6. 21 sqq.

18. nec certare: recurs, 4. 1. 31.-ioco: in light talk. - dare bracchia: the arms were the chief feature in ancient dancing.

19. ludentem: TalCovσav. Cf. Verg. Ecl. 6. 28.— nitidis: in holiday attire. Cf. Tibull. 2. 5. 7, sed nitidus pulcherque veni. virginibus: dat. with dare.

20. Dianae celebris: lit. of thronged Diana. Cf. Tibull. 4. 4. 21, iam celeber iam laetus eris; Ov. Met. 1. 446; Lucret. 5. 1166, delubra deum . . . festis celebrare diebus.

21. Achaemenes: eponymous ancestor of kings of Persia (Herod. 7. 11). Cf. 3. 1. 44. Cf. on 3. 9. 4.

22. Mygdonias: a sonorous tautology for Phrygian. Cf. on 1. 17. 22; 3. 16. 41; Homer, Il. 3. 186. Midas, whose touch turned all to gold, was king of Phrygia.

23. permutare velis: cf. Sappho. fr. 85; an old French poem in Molière, Le Misanthrope, 1. 2, 'Si le roi m'avoit donné | Paris, sa grand'ville,' etc.; Aristaen. 1. 10; Catull. 45. 22. - crine : 'Beauty draws us with a single hair,' but the singular is probably collective here. Cf. 1. 32. 12.

24. Arabum: cf. 1. 29. 1-3; Verg. G. 2. 115; Propert. 3. 1. 16, et domus intactae te tremit Arabiae. — plenas: cf. 4. 12. 24.

25. detorquet ad: so that they fall on her neck (Kiessling), or on her mouth (Orelli) — non nostrum inter vos. For caesura, cf. 1. 18. 16; 1. 37. 5.

26. facili saevitia: playful cruelty; oxymoron. 3. 11. 35.

Cf. on

27. poscente: Epist. 1. 17. 44, plus poscente ferent.―gaudeat : subj. as giving reason for facili saevitia.

28. rapere: snatch. occupet: cf. on 1. 14. 2.

ODE XIII.

Humorously exaggerated imprecations on a tree of the Sabine farm that barely missed the owner's head in its fall (1-12). Death comes when least expected, and no man knows the shape he will take (12-20). Narrowly has the poet escaped the dark realm of