10. stat, "stands fixed". '-sua dies, "his destined day (of death):" observe the gender-Hoc, est.

11. dilucescere (of the day), ❝ to break, to dawn;" here used with a subject-accusative; Dict. dilucesco.-supremum as the last "-i. e. the final one.-grata superveniet, "will come as an agreeable addition."

12. suprema funera, meaning, the last long procession to the grave.

13. facere, here "to earn." 15. Construe si ventri, si lateri pedibusque tuis bene est.

16. Manius Curius Dentatus subdued the Samnites, and conquered Pyrrhus, B.C. 275.

fleeting."-prior unda

21. parva formica sit ("may serve"), exemplo magni laboris.-futuri applies to ignara as well as to incauta.

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22. Construe 0 nimium fortunatos agricolas.-si, "if only."-ipsa = sua sponte.-justissima, because she repays, with interest, that which was intrusted to her. The superlative may here be translated by "the very" or "all," all-righteous earth."-facilem, "easily earned."-His, supply est or sunt.nescia fallere, poetically for fallendi. -latis fundis, the poets often use the abl. without a prep. to express the place "where."-otia, leisure," in

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opposition to the turmoil of the town.vivi, here, "natural," as opposed to artificial.tempe (from the Gr. Téμπη neut. plur.), lit. a charming valley in Thessaly; then any lovely and shady dale.-somni, the Latins, and especially the poets, use the plur. for the sing. in many words where the idea is applicable to several persons, or in various manifestations, or in repeated instances.

23. This is an invitation to pay a visit in the country. Hic, adv.super, i. e. on a bed composed of, &c.lac pressum, i. e. fresh cheese.-calmina," the tops," where the smoking chimneys betoken the preparation of supper.

24. pasta, "having made a good meal."-repetes, the fut. has here the force of an imper. mood: cf. 3, 9. permittes.-cavus, here a substantive, having much the same meaning as rima.

4. NOTES ON ELEGIAC VERSES.

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1. Artes, "the arts and sciences." -pectora, "the hearts (of men)," or "the heart."

2. tractabilis arte, "susceptible of," -but literally?-habet odio, (dat.) the same as odit.

3. difficilis, here, "unfavourable."formam, "beauty."-repende, "compensate.' Dict. rependo, II. 2. 4. non mortale, “imperishable."exceptis, lit." excepted," but in English, "excepting."

5. Acer, the subject-nominative, here, and in many other instances, is to be found in the Pentameter.- palmae honores," the reward of victory" in the public games.-per se = sua sponte. 7. in magnis, "in great things."et, "even."

9. Fac is sometimes added to the subjunctive in exhortations, and gives emphasis to the phrase: nec sometimes stands for neve.-te differ, amuse thyself with promises." Dict. differo, II. 3.-Construe qui non est hodie aptus, cras minus erit.

10. jacet, "lies disregarded:" what is the subject-nominative ?- fata, see note on somni, 3, 22.-carcer, the starting-place in the race-course."— Eleo for Olympio, because Olympia was in Elis. After verbs of motion, the poets sometimes use the abl. without a prep., to denote the place "whence."-premeret, "pressed upon him."-stultos, see prona, 3, 18.

11. otia, here, “idleness."-capiant vitium, "become corrupt "—but literally?

12. Construe equus, qui steterit and inter (equos) carceribus missos. The Latin fut. perf. is often to he rendered by the pres., the perf., or by the simple fut.

14. praeteriit, with the final syllable long. The last syllable of the perf. it, and its compounds, as adiit, abiit, rediit, &c., was lengthened in pronunciation.-Construe tam bona.

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15. tendit, "raises itself."-With inferius supply deo in the abl.

16. omnia hominum oinnes res humanae.

17. levitas, stancy."

"fickleness, incon

18. quam-quae, the relative here denotes of such a kind that," hence followed by the subjunctive.

19. luxuriant, "run riot :" Diet. luxurio.-rebus secundis as tranquillis rebus, 2, 17.-aequa mente may be translated by one word.

21. mactato, "offered in sacrifice:" Dict, macto, II. 1.-et as in et voluisse, 4, 7.

22. intra pectora, the poets occasionally use the plur. for sing. objects. -pro, "in accordance with." The form que que, frequently occurring in the poets, is generally to be rendered by the simple conjunction: as hope and fear."

.

23. bene latuit, "has kept himself in happy retirement." Fortunam suam, "the lot assigned to him."

24. Non ideo, "not for this reason,' or "not on that account."- debet, the subject-nominative is cymba.-Con

strue si qua cymba, "any skiff that," lit. "if any skiff."

25. petit nimium sublimia, "soars too high." For the story of Icarus, see II. 16. Icariis aquis, the Icarian sea, north of Rhodes.-nomina, see somni, 3, 22.

26. Quid fuit, ut, "what was the reason that," "why was it that."tutas, see prona, 3, 18.-signet (as well as agitaret) depends upon ut: the present tense is used, because the effect still remains.-alte, see the note on longa, I. 29.-non suas, which did not naturally belong to them, "borrowed." - contrahe vela propositi, i. e. restrain the course of your enterprises. The metaphor is borrowed from a ship carrying too much sail. 27. Tabida, consuming."

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32. Machaon, a surgeon in the Greek army, during the Trojan war.dubius, "in danger."

33. Construe ars medicina est temporis, is a thing dependent upon time, i. e. the remedies are useful or injurious, according to the time at which they are administered.-fere, "usna!lv, for the most part."-Construe data vina.

34. est in medico, "it depends upon the physician."

35. perfer, "bear patiently." 36. redimere, here, "to preserve;" but literally?-ferrum et ignes, when the wounds are cut or burnt out. The ancient surgery abounded in barbarous practice.-nec (as also, et, sed, nam) is often placed by the poets after another word in the clause; cf. 44.-ora, see pectora, 4, 22.-valere, here, "to be healthy."-negare, "to refuse."

48. spectare," to try, test:" Dict. specto, I. 4.-juvat (aliquem), subjectnom., Fortuna, cuncta, all the world."-simul-simulac-intonuit, Fortuna, cf. II. 6, 14.- ulli for ab ullo. With passive verbs the dat. is sometimes used instead of the abl. with a. The substantive use of the dat. ulli is rare.-modo, "just now."

49. Acheron, a river in the infernal regions, over which the dead had to cross. Mercury conducted them to the river hence vehere ad infernas rates.

58. hac for in hac, see 3, 22.

59. eademque; when a subject has been mentioned, and something of the same kind, or something happening at the same time, is added, idem may often be translated by "likewise, at the same time, also;" cf. 61.

60. Construe lenis aura.

61. Comparat, so paras, 3, 5.interdum.. modo for modo.. modo. -Construe et monstrat, quae herba juvet, et quae sit nocens.-Construe discitur facundia.-innocuas causas causas innocentium.

1. THE POWER OF TIME. 1. Construe ruricolae aratri.-2. et, see nec, I. 4, 36.-colla, see pectora, I. 4, 22.-3. lentis, "pliant," "flexible." -4. lupi, a sharp bit with iron teeth; Dict. lupus, II. 2.6. animo illorum.-7. Construe et Inda belua (the elephant), quae obtemperat, see I. 4, 30.-9. Construe Tempus facit ut uva, &c.-10. grana, here" the berries," i. e. the grapes.12. tristi, i. e. acerbo.-13. terram findentis may be translated as a compound word.-14. adamanta, Greek form of acc.-15. For the plurals iras and luctus, see somni, I. 3, 22.-17. Compare I. 1, 19, tacitisque senescimus annis.-18. et as I. 4, 7.

2. SPRING.

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1. age, "come," now."-2. incipiendus erat," ought to have been commenced," so 12. vocanda fuit.-3. temporis aetas, translate by one word. -4. gravido, "teeming, laden."-5. Join modo formatis: for modo see I. 4, 48.-6. in summum solum, "to the surface of the ground."-7. mulcent

3. THE SEASONS AND AGES OF HUMAN LIFE.

"Seven

Compare Shakespeare's Ages," As you like it, II. 7.-1. succedere," to follow in order."-2. imitamina, see II. 1, 15.-3. lactens, "milky, sappy, juicy;" Dict. lacteo, II. -4. expers may be translated by a prep.-robur, here "firmness," as below virtus.-5. agrestes, here used substantively.-7. neque, see nec, I. 4, 69.-10. quae magis ardeat, 66 that is more fiery," see I. 4, 18.-11. Excipit, aestatem.-posito, "laid aside.". 12. For que . que see I. 4, 22. -13. Temperie, "moderate temperament."-sparsus tempora, the acc. sometimes denotes the part affected; we may say "the temples covered here and there; see below v. 15-cani for cani capilli.-14. Inde = Ideinde, horrida, "shivering" from cold.-15. Construe spoliata suos capillos, aut alba eos, quos habet.

4. A SCYTHIAN WINTER. 1. ora, 66 'face," cf. II. 1, 2.-2.

gelu "ice," so 33, but 12 "hoarfrost."-3. nec ve for nec

nec.-4. indurat eam.-5. delicuit, v. deliquesco: venit, "has come"=adest, "is there."-8. rapta ferat, see captos ducit, I. 4, 50.-10. patent, are exposed."-11. Construe sonant glacie pendente, "from the ice

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PAGE 14.

which hangs upon them."-13. Nuda, i. e. without a vessel, if the latter has been broken or otherwise removed.-14.

hausta, "draughts:" bibunt," the people drink."- 17. Construe Ipse Hister (the Danube) qui non angustior amne papyrifero (the Nile) freto miscetur, congelat, ventis

durantibus (abl. abs.).-21. Quaque = et qua.-23. per, "over."-25. glacie, abl. of the cause.-pontum, i. e. pontum Euxinum.-26. testa, "a covering of ice; an icy": shell;" Dict. testa, II. 4.-premebat, "overspread." -28. unda summa, cf. in summum solum, II. 2, 6.-29. Dolphins often spring out of the water into the air, and in so doing they bend or curve their bodies, hence pandi.-31. quamvis, "how much soever," cf. I. 1, 41.insonet, " roars, blusters."--alis, the Winds were represented as winged.32. fluctus, "the motion of the "for waves. gurges, "the deep,' mare.-obsesso, i, e. incluso glacie.33. puppes, see I. 2, 12. Construe inclusae gelu, ut marmore.

5. THE PLEASURES OF A
COUNTRY LIFE.

1. colendi ea.-2. cf. vv. 29, 30. —3. oneri, i. e. jugo.-6. Quae, see I. 4, 67.-8. Construe ut sua (with reference to the object onus) arbor vix ferat onus, quod peperit, "how the burden which she produced, the very tree can scarce sustain." See below, II. 12, 41.-12. Jam, "soon."-13. arundo, "the reed," for the "shepherd's pipe," which was composed of reeds of unequal length (hence inaequali) the Pan-pipe.-17. Quid? as

PAGE 15.

much as to say, nonne oblectat animum? -examina, "swarms of bees."-suppositas, i. e. under the hives, which are called in the next line, vimina torta. The yew-tree was distasteful to bees, and therefore employed to drive them away, when men wished to gather the honey.-18. ut, "so that."-favi, subject-nom.-22. nudo sub pede, it was the custom to tread grapes in the winepress.-23. alligat, in bundles.-24. pecten, here, "the rake."-rarus, on

account of the teeth which stand apart: we might say, "the wide-toothed rake." -26. rivos, the channels used in irrigation.-27. Venerit, cf. venit, II. 4, 5. -30. irrita, "powerless," i. e. ineffectual, using effort without effect.

6. VULGUS AMICITIAS UTILITATE PROBAT.

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on

1. si modo, "if only," "provided that."-2. utilitate probare, "to value according to advantage."-3. Construe quid expediat prius est cura.-expedit, "is expedient, beneficial."-6.. pretium sui, "her own reward," cf. I. 1, 8.-7. ipse decor, "the mere beauty, charm."-8. Construe gratis probum esse.-9. nec nisi, "and only."-nemo petendus erit = nullius amicitia petenda erit.-11. reditus, "returns," i. e. profit, income.-12. articulis, his finger-joints," as we should say, "on his fingers."-sollicitis, cf. II. 12, 36, maestae manus.-14. Quae simulat simul ea, namely, fortuna, cf. I. 4, 48.-proxima quaeque, "all the bystanders:" cf. cuncta, I. 4, 48, and for quisque, I. 3, 9.-15. ego, the predicate is relinquor, which is qualified by the subordinate sentence ut tumuerunt, denoting at once the time "when," and the cause "why."-18. lacera nave, abl. of the state or condition.-19. nolint etiam, &c.," will not even seem to know me."-29. Projecto, "the outcast."

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7. INCREASE OF AVARICE.

1. Saturnus, the father of Jupiter, is said to have been the most ancient king who reigned over Italy.-2. The meaning of these lines is, that the love of gain prevailed in the human mind, even from remote antiquity.-4. Before quo supply the words "a point."jam, "further."-5. Pluris, construe with sunt," are of more esteem."-7. Martigena, "the offspring of Mars.' Quirinus Romulus, who was worshipped after his death under the name