in 1010, were repulsed by the Scots with so great slaughter, that the adjoining burn of Lochty ran with human blood for the space of three days!1 According to tradition most of the great barons of the kingdom were engaged in this affray, and among them the Hays of Errol, the Keiths of Dunnottar, and the Hassas of Glenbervie in the Mearns. Two brothers of the last-named family are recorded to have fallen in the engagement, and being the last male descendants of a race of landowners, who (as inscribed on a curious monument in Glenbervie burial vault) flourished in that parish from A.D. 730, their only sister Helen became sole heiress, and marrying Oliphard, the hereditary Sheriff of the Mearns, was maternal progenitor of the noble family of Arbuthnott.

The Hays and Keiths are commonly said to have gained their laurels at Barry, and the death of the Danish chief, popularly named Camus, is attributed to the hand of the latter baron, who is said to have killed him in single combat, at or near the place where the Cross now stands. It has already been seen that the story of the rise of the Hays is entirely fanciful. So also is that of the Keiths: originally Normans, their remote progenitor was Hervei, the son of Warin, who came thither with David I., from whom he had charters of the lands of Keith in East Lothian, and by this circumstance alone he and his descendants assumed their surname.3 With regard to their possessions in the Mearns, it may be added, that it was only when Sir William Keith married the daughter and heiress of Sir John Frazer of Cowie that the family acquired property there.4

1 "Lochty, Lochty, is reed, reed, reed,

For it has run three days with bleed !"-(Provincial Rhyme.)

For the archæological remains of Monikie see Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot. ii. pp. 447-8, and for the battle at Barry see Warden, Angus, ii. pp. 244, 276, 402.

2 The cross of Camus was removed from the position it had occupied from time immemorial about six feet due south, being now in the middle of the new carriage drive between the Panmure Testimonial and Panmure House. It was removed in 1853, in presence of Lord Panmure and his brothers.

Douglas, Peerage, ii. p. 184 sq.; Chalmers, Caled. i. p. 518.

4 Crawford, Peerage, p. 319; Douglas, Peerage, i. p. 188; Nisbet, Пer. ii. App. i.

CAMUSTON AND ARCHEOLOGICAL REMAINS. 389

But although the stories of the rise of these old families are groundless, and no satisfactory origin can be ascribed to the Cross of Camus, there is every evidence of the neighbourhood having been the scene of at least one, if not a series, of dreadful conflicts, whether arising from the invasion of the Danes or some intestine quarrel. Sepulchral tumuli are scattered over the district-stone coffins are found in clusters throughout the farm of Carlungie, and skulls and other parts of human skeletons are frequently turned up by the plough.

But, it would appear, although the story of Camus's murder is generally considered fabulous, that the Cross had been raised as a sepulchral monument to some person; for, on the ground being investigated by Sir Patrick Maule, in presence of several county gentlemen, about the year 1620, a skeleton in good preservation, of large dimensions, and wanting only a small part of the skull, was found buried below the stone.1 When the Cross was removed, an urn and a gold bracelet were found beneath or near it. Camuston, the name of the place where the Cross stands, is the name of many other places throughout Scotland, and "Cambestowne" is the old, and sometimes even present, orthography of the place in question. It had probably been the residence of the old lairds of Downie, as "the word seems to be the same as Chemmyss and Kames, and means the chief residence of a proprietor; but is to be distinguished from Kaim, the crest of a hill."2

1 Keith is said to have carried off a part of the skull with his sabre, and so killed the chief!

2 See Chalmers, Sculptured Monuments of Angus (p. 13), in which Camus Cross is figured, and everything correctly given that is worthy of being preserved regarding it. The well-known "Panmure Testimonial "-a column of 105 feet in height, which the tenantry of Panmure erected to commemorate the liberality of the late Lord Panmure-has a prominent position on Downie Hills, a short distance west of Camus Cross. It commands the view of five or six counties; but, contrary to most descriptions, contains neither a bust of Lord Panmure, nor any inscription setting forth the object of its erection. Ut sup. p. 146.

Ethiebeaton, Broughty Castle, and Brichty.

The property of Ethiebeaton,' which lies in the parish of Monifieth, and within two miles of the barony of Downie, also came to the Lindsays at an early date, having been given by Thomas, Earl of Angus, to Sir David of Crawford, about the year 1349, but over which the Angus family held the superiority, as in the forfeiture of Archibald, sixth Earl of Angus, in 1528 Crawford protested that the said forfeiture should "be na hurt nor preiudice to him anent his landis qlkis he haldis of the said Erle of Angus, that is to say the landis and barony of Affebeton," etc. His son of Glenesk succeeded, and through him it passed to the Earls of Crawford, who continued to hold it from that period till the close of the sixteenth century,+ with the exception of a short time about 1580,5 when Bruce of Earlshill had connection with it, perhaps through pecuniary loans.

The Gallow Law, or hill, where the lords of the district are locally believed to have executed offenders in feudal times, is still a prominent object on the estate; and, like many other mounds of the same sort, had most probably been the site of the baron's court. It is also a popular notion, that this property belonged at one time to Cardinal Beaton, and so acquired the distinguishing appellation of Beaton. So far from this is the fact, however, that it was so called more than two hundred years before the Cardinal's birth, and his name does not occur in connection with it at any time.

It is true that an early lay proprietor, if not the first, bore the famous surname of Beaton. He was Sheriff of Forfarshire in 1290, and, swearing fealty to Edward in 1296, held so steadfastly by his oath, that Robert the Bruce confiscated his

1 Commonly pronounced Effiebeaton.

2 The first Earl of Angus in the Stewart line of succession was Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl, who died in 1331; the second, Thomas, second Earl, died 1361. Sir David Lindsay of Crawford succeeded soon after 1304, and probably died before 1357. See Douglas, Peerage, i. pp. 65, 372-3. 3 Acts Parl. ii. p. 329.

4 Lives, i. p. 447.

5 Douglas, Baronage, p. 511.

BROUGHTY FERRY AND BRICHTY.

391

lands, and gave them to Alexander Senniscall,1 from whom they passed to the Earls of Angus. In Senniscall's two charters, the name is variously spelled "Archibetoun," and "Achykilbichan."

The Lindsay connection with the stronghold of Broughty, at the mouth of the Tay, was of short duration; it was only granted by James III. to the Duke of Montrose at the time he was made Sheriff of Angus, and it was again taken from him, along with his Sheriffship, by James IV. It was then given to Lord Gray, who sided with that prince against his unfortunate father at Blackness, and at the still more fatal rencounter of Sauchieburn. The origin of the name of Broughty is variously accounted for, but Portincraig (though now confined to the opposite headland in Fifeshire) was the oldest name of it, as appears from a description of the boundaries of certain lands and fishings, bequeathed by Gillebrede, Earl of Angus, for the founding of a hospital at this place. After the forfeiture of Umphraville, the grandson of Countess Maud, the estates of the Earls of Angus were given by Bruce to William de Lindsay, then High Chamberlain; but neither his name, nor that of any of his family, with the exception of the Duke of Montrose above noticed, appears otherwise in connection with Broughty.

The Lindsays, however, were old proprietors of the lands and mill of Brichty, in the adjoining parish of Murroes, and this has often been confounded with their ownership of Broughty Castle. The lands of Brichty, from our earliest notice of them, belonged to John de Hay of Tilly bothwell, who resigned them. to the de Montealtos of Fern, from one of whom, Richard, Chancellor of the Cathedral of Brechin, they were acquired by

1 (A.D. 1309)--Robertson, Index, p. 1.

2 There was once an old chapel near by.

3 The noble family of Gray were proprietors down to the time that Patrick Lord Gray resigned Broughty Castle and conterminous lands in favour of Fothringham of Powrie, ancestor of the present proprietor of Powrie. (Ut sup. p. 189.)

4 Reg. Vet. de Aberbrothoc, p. 37.

Sir Alexander Lindsay of Glenesk, in 1379.1 They continued long in the family, and Euphemia, sister of the first Earl of Crawford, had a liferent from Wester Brichty given in 1412; and again in 1449, Alexander Lindsay, Earl of Crawford, gave a charter of the lands of Wester Brichty to Fothringham of Powrie. The Lindsays were perhaps followed in the rest of this property by the Arbuthnotts, as Hugh, the son of Robert Arbuthnott of that Ilk, who married the heiress of Balmakewan, was designed "of Brychtie," about the middle of the fifteenth century.

SECTION III.

THE LINDSAY PROPERTIES IN MEARNS, OR KINCARDINESHIRE. Fasky or Fasque-Phesdo-Kinneff and its old castles-Barras-Caterline church and churchyard-Dunnottar, its church and castle-Present church and traditions Fetteresso - Uras - Lumgair - Benholm - Blackiemuir, Balnıakewan, Morphie-Canterland.

COMPARED With the possessions of the Lindsays in Angus, those in Kincardineshire were limited, both as regards their extent and the time they were in the hands of the family. Still, many of these estates were of great importance, on account of both their value and their local position; and some of them were owned by the Lindsays at a remote date, while their historical associations (though not immediately connected with the name of Lindsay) are interesting to all lovers of national history. The most prominent of these transactions—such as the defence of Dunnottar, and the concealing of the regalia in the kirk of Kinneff-are well known by the writings of many popular authors. These particulars will not therefore be repeated; but our observations will be confined to such points only as relate to the possession of these lands by the Lindsays,

1 Information from the late Earl of Crawford and Balcarres.

2 Robertson, Index, p. 166. 16.

3 Crawford Case, p. 48; Jervise, Epit. i. p. 125.

Nisbet, Heraldry, ii. App. p. 89.