avoid talking with others when he is travelling. If someone tries to engage him in an argument, he should either continue reading or pretend to be asleep. VARIA RAPHAEL HUBER, O.F.M., CONV. On September 22nd, Father Raphael Huber, widely known Catholic Church historian, died at the age of eighty. Father Huber served from 1927-1937 as an English language confessor at St. Peter's basilica in Rome. From 1937 to 1953 he was a professor of Church history at The Catholic University of America. The author of many articles and books, he is perhaps best known for his Our Bishops Speak, a collection of the pronouncements of the United States hierarchy from 1919 to 1951. Since 1954, Father Huber taught history at St. Anthony-onHudson, Franciscan Seminary, Rennselaer, New York. SPELLMAN AWARD. Reverend Francis Dvornik, professor of Byzantine history at Harvard University and Dunbarton Oaks Research Institute in Washington, D.C., received the 1963 Cardinal Spellman Award for outstanding work in theology. Father Dvornik has written extensively on Byzantine questions. His best known book is The Photian Schism. The Catholic University of America DOM PATRICK GRANFIELD Book Reviews TODAY'S VOCATION CRISIS. Edited by Godfrey Poage, C.P., and Germain Lievin, C.SS.R. Westminster, Maryland: The Newman Press, 1962. Pp. 435. $5.95. This work presents a summary of the papers and discussions of the First International Congress on Vocations to the States of Perfection. The Congress was held in Rome from December 10-16, 1961, and was sponsored by the Pontifical Organization for Religious Vocations, a section of the Sacred Congregation of Religious. The book's four parts treat of the present condition, doctrine, discernment and cultivation, and recruitment of vocations. A sizeable bibliography of books, pamphlets, and papal documents on vocations concludes the book. The universal character of the Church and her vocation problems are evident in the various papers. In the discussions following each paper, the delegates from different countries were able to highlight their particular problems and their attempted solutions. Unfortunately, mention was frequently made to the narrow-mindedness of many bishops, priests, and religious who see the vocation problem only extending to their own diocese or religious family. Even more lamentable is the carrying out of this mentality into policies and procedures which many times hinder the individual's response to his vocation. Father Raymond Izard, the director for the French National Center for Vocations, very succinctly outlines the misunderstandings on the part of both religious and diocesan clergy which sometimes hinder their collaboration in vocation recruitment. He mentions that "anyone who would think of working only in favor of vocations which are valuable to him, who would refuse to consider the Church as a whole. . . would certainly not have the spirit of the Church, but a spirit of caste" (287). He proposes national and diocesan centers to foster collaboration, to conduct studies on vocations, and to provide information for priests in parishes and schools. The Church in the United States, while certainly having its vocation problems, can look with joy upon our cultural appreciation of priestly and religious vocations and upon our outstanding contribution to the vocation movement by the adaptation of many modern media for vocation recruitment. The papers of Father Godfrey Poage, C.P., and Brother John J. Stearne, C.F.X., show how well we have been able to utilize the modern media in our culture. In one of the discussions Father Poage shows that the excellent collaboration between diocesan and religious priests in Chicago's "Recruiters League" helped increase diocesan vocations from 80 to 817 and religious from 20 to 370 within the last fifteen years. He points out that, "Generally speaking, those dioceses which have presently a great number of vocations, have also the closest collaboration between the diocesan authorities and the religious recruiters" (316). Among the many practical suggestions Father Poage makes for greater success in vocation recruitment is that boys and girls showing interest in the religious life or the priesthood be given several months of spiritual direction prior to their entrance into the convent or seminary. This will serve to sustain and deepen their initial enthusiasm and might well improve the ratio of 10-1 between youths who show a definite interest in the seminary and those who actually enter it. In any collection of papers their quality will fluctuate and their appeal will vary with different readers. While this book would have the greatest appeal to professional recruiters, every priest and religious engaged in the apostolate can find in it many ideas on how he can influence vocations through his personal contacts. The chapter on the psychological criteria for the discernment of vocations will be of paticular interest for those responsible for the admission of applicants into the seminary or novitiate. Father Paul Dezza, S.J., consultor for the Congregation of Seminaries and Universities, has an outstanding chapter on the cultivation of vocations in houses of formation, which should be required reading for every superior, spiritual director, and confessor in a seminary or house of formation. He insists that the religious and priestly formation must proceed from within the individual and not be imposed by a director; the director must enlighten the intellect and motivate the will. The seminarian and young religious must be aided to find deep and solid reasons for his striving after the religious ideal. The ideal must be presented as a whole, not as a mere amalgamation of different virtues. Allowance must be made for the individual temperament and sensibility in the formation of the particular ideal; "the spiritual director must . . . adapt himself to each" (266). The papers and discussions collected in this book contain many more suggestions for vocation recruitment than we could even begin to list here. The caliber of most of the papers shows that this First International Congress on Vocations to the States of Perfection was a great success and leaves one with the hope that this Congress will be followed by many more. Priests and religious in parish and classroom, by the implementation of ideas aired in these congresses, will with the grace of God be able to beget the spiritual sons and daughters to fill their places in the ranks of Christ's priests and religious and to provide the laborers needed for the ever-growing harvest. ROLAND LUKA, C.M.F. THE WORK OF PÈRE Lagrange. By F.-M. Braun, O.P. Adapted from the French by Richard T. A. Murphy, O.P. Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1963. Pp. xviii + 306. $7.00. This book is not a biography of Marie-Joseph Lagrange, O.P. (18851938), but a frankly, and deservedly, laudatory memoire on the intellectual and spiritual history of the founder (in 1890) of the Ecole Biblique de Jerusalem. Père Braun's work first appeared in 1943, five years after the death of Père Lagrange; Father Murphy's translation and adaptation of the French original appears twenty-five years after Lagrange's death and brings his history down to the present. The book is divided into two parts: Introduction to the Work of Père Lagrange and Bibliography. The first part gives a picture of the pioneering scholar and the religious; it touches on the varied events of his biography but only to bring the intellectual history into focus. Braun traces the thought of Lagrange through his various periods and writings; this personal history is practically a history of the comingof-age of modern Catholic biblical scholarship. The picture drawn of the scholar is well documented by quotations and by the fact that Braun was both student and friend of Lagrange; an example of the intimate picture drawn by the author can be found on pp. 133-4 in the account of the author's last interview with the Master. Here and there appears (e.g., pp. 33-4) in Lagrange's character a hint of that Gallic chauvinism which led many a Catholic missionary to look upon himself as a missionary of French culture. The quality of the translation is excellent and one is hardly conscious that it is a translation as he reads. Murphy has added a final chapter in which he continues Lagrange's intellectual history by tracing how modern biblical scholarship has followed the lines laid down by the saintly Dominican. Here is a sound capsule history of the biblical movement, with special emphasis on the role of the Ecole Biblique, since Lagrange's death. The bibliography is mainly of interest to the specialist (pp. 163-253) with its 1786 entries of Lagrange's writings arranged in chronological order. Its usefulness is enhanced by two indices: one of the authors whose books Lagrange reviewed and an analytical index. In sum, the book is primarily of interest to the biblical specialist, but the first part provides excellent background material for anyone interested in the advances of modern biblical scholarship. TIMOTHY BALFE, F.S.C. THE RELIGIOUS ISSUE IN THE STATE SCHOOLS OF ENGLAND AND WALES 1902-1914. By Benjamin Sacks. Albuquerque, New Mexico: University of New Mexico Press, 1961. Pp. ix + 292. $5.00. The establishment of a system of universal public education is a problem which every democratic government must face sooner or later in its history. The United States took an early lead in developing a system of public schools, but by the last decades of the 19th century nearly all of the enlightened Western European states had arrived at a moment of crisis in national education that called for state entry into the field in one form or another. In the religiously pluralist states such as the United States, Great Britain, Germany, etc., the question of religious training in the increasingly necessary state schools was a problem of special concern to parents, clergy, and politicians. Dr. Benjamin Sacks in his book The Religious Issue in the State Schools of England and Wales 1902-1914 has produced a thorough and scholarly chronicle of the attempt to solve this problem in England during that critical period. The author centers his attention on the period 19021914 because of the passage in 1902 of the Balfour Act, the first real attempt on the part of a British government to legislate into existence a national integrated school system under government financial support. After summarizing the political history of the Balfour Act and the moves for its repeal, Doctor Sacks devotes the rest of the book to a thorough analysis of the issues at stake. He presents the Anglican, Roman Catholic, Non-Conformist, and secularist arguments on the major issues: the threat to church membership in neutral schools, the schools as a force for inculcating public morality, the pros and cons of Cowper-Templeism and "neutral" Christian instruction, degree of state control over the voluntary schools, rights of the dissenters with regard to attendance at the church schools and their religious freedom, etc. The author devotes the final section of his book to a consideration of all the various proposals for "concordat" on religion in the state schools. Here are analyzed the proposals for universal facilities (called in the U.S. "released time"), general religious instruction with supplementary facilities for credal instruction at church expense, a more centralized school system with greater state control of and greater state financial support of all schools. Again the Anglican, Roman Catholic, Non-Con |