the sides of the queens, so that each couple occupy the two centre squares on the lines nearest the players. Two bishops are then placed, one on the side of the king, the other on the side of the queen, on squares of different colours. Bishops are generally distinguished by a kind of mitre on their tops: at the sides of the bishops are placed the two knights, also on different coloured squares: these are usually distinguished by horses beads, or by having a piece obliquely taken off from their flat round bonnets. The exterior pieces are called castles or rooks, and are commonly made to resemble turrets; or may be only pawns of a larger size. The pawns, eight in number, are ranged so as to Occupy all the squares on the second line, immediately in front of the line of pieces. Pawns are generally pieces of turned wood, of a neat pattern, and with spherical summits. This description of one party will answer for both; observing that the players are designated according to the colour of their pieces. Directions for playing must be had from larger works, but the best mode of learning will be from observation and practice. CHEVAL-DE-FRISE, spikes of wood, armed or pointed with iron, and six feet long, fixed in a strong beam of wood, somewhat in the manner of the wellknown piece of household furniture, a cat, and used as a fence against cavalry, in military operations. CHILBLAIN, in a mild state, is a moderately red In a more tumour occasioning heat and itching. severe state, the tumour is larger, redder, and ap. proaching to a dark blue or black colour. In the third degree, blisters arise in the tumours, and they change to sores. The worst cases of chilblains end in mortification. Chilblains are occasioned by suddenly warming a cold part, or suddenly cooling a heated part: hence the parts of the body most subject to the complaint are the toes, fingers, ears, &c." Chilblains in the mild stage may usually be cured by well rubbing the parts with POMADE Divine, which see: or by immersing the hands or feet in ice-cold water, or rubbing them with snow or pounded ice two or three times a day: after each application the part is to be dried and covered with a leathern sock. CHILI, a country of South America, situated be tween the 25th and 45th degrees of south latitude, 2nd between 65 and 85 degrees west longitude. It has Peru on the north, La Plata on the east, Patagonia on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. The air and soil on the west are much better than on the east; for when the east side of the Andes is covered with gross vapours, the heavens are bright and clear on the west. The east side is a barren desert, but the west produces various kinds of corn, fruits and flowers in the greatest plenty. CHILIAGON, is a regular plane figure of 1000 sides and angles. CHILTERN-HUNDREDS, certain hundreds into which any of the counties of England were divided by Alfred, and which still retain their peculiar courts. The chiltern hundreds have been annexed to the The stewards of their courts are appointed by the chancellor of the exchequer, with a salary of 20s. per annum. It being an established rule that a member of parliament receiving a place under the crown cannot sit, unless re-elected, the acceptance crown. |