Psychologic Foundations of Education: An Attempt to Show the Genesis of the Higher Faculties of the MindD. Appleton, 1898 - 400 strán (strany) "In offering this book to the educational public, I feel it necessary to explain its point of view. Psychology is too frequently only an inventory of certain so-called "faculties of the mind," such as the five senses, imagination, conception, reasoning, etc. And teachers have been offered such an inventory under the name of "educational psychology." It has been assumed that education has to do with "cultivating the faculties." Perhaps the analogy of the body has been taken as valid for the soul, and, inasmuch as we can train this or that muscle, it is inferred that we can cultivate this or that faculty. The defect of this mode of view is that it leaves out of sight the genesis of the higher faculties from the lower ones. Muscles are not consecutive, the one growing out of another and taking its place, but they are co-ordinate and side by side in space, whereas in mind the higher faculties take the place of the lower faculties and in some sort absorb them. Conception, instead of existing side by side with perception, like the wheels of a clock, contains the latter in a more complete form of activity. Sense-perception, according to the definition, should apprehend individual things, and conception should take note of classes or species. But conception really transforms perception into a seeing of each object as a member of a class, so that the line between perception and conception has vanished, and we can not find in consciousness a mere perception of an individual object, but only that kind of perception which sees the object in its process of production. This book is an attempt to show the psychological foundations of the more important educational factors in civilization and its schools. Special stress is laid on the evolution of the higher activities or faculties, and on the method of it"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved). |
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abstract action activity animal Aristotle arrested development assimilation attention become biped brain causal cause ceived cerebrum CHAPTER child conceived concept conscious dependent doctrine ence energy environment existence experience fact faculties feeling fissure fissure of Rolando freedom gray matter Hegel hence Herbert Spencer higher human idea ideal important impressions indi individual infinite insight intellect introspection ject knowing language limited logical logical condition manifestation medulla oblongata memory mental method middle term mind moral motive names nature necessity negative unity noumenon nutrition object observation organic particular perceive perception persistent force phases phrenology physiological psychology plant predicate presupposes principle produce psychology rational psychology reaction reality realize recognise recollection reflection relations reproducing second figure self-activity self-determination sensation sense-impressions sense-perception soul space species stage of thinking syllogism teleology third figure thought tion totality of conditions true universal vidual whole
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Strana 287 - In all things, to serve from the lowest station upwards is necessary. To restrict yourself to a trade is best. For the narrow mind, whatever he attempts is still a trade; for the higher an art; and the highest, in doing one thing, does all; or, to speak less paradoxically, in the one thing which he does rightly, he sees the likeness of all that is done rightly.
Strana i - Professor of Physiology in Jena. Translated by HW BROWN, Teacher in the State Normal School at Worcester, Mass. $1.50. 8. Memory: What it is and How to Improve it. By DAVID KAY, FRGS, author of " Education and Educators,
Strana 213 - As to the first question, we may observe, that what we call a mind, is nothing but a heap or collection of different perceptions, united together by certain relations, and supposed, though falsely, to be endowed with a perfect simplicity and identity.
Strana 24 - Or if it is the true self which thinks, what other self can it be that is thought of? Clearly, a true cognition of self implies a state in which the knowing and the known are one — in which subject and object are identified; and this Mr. Mansel rightly holds to be the annihilation of both.
Strana 208 - The mental act in which self is known, implies, like every other mental act, a perceiving subject and a perceived object. If, then, the object perceived is self, what is the subject that perceives ? or if it is the true self which thinks, what other self can it bo that is thought of...
Strana 213 - The difference betwixt these consists in the degrees of force and liveliness with which they strike upon the mind and make their way into our thought or consciousness. Those perceptions which enter with most force and violence we may name impressions ; and under this name I comprehend all our sensations, passions, and emotions, as they make their first appearance in the soul.
Strana 364 - But opposed to this oriental idea, the Greek religion made beauty the essential feature of the idea of the divine, and hence his art is created as an act of worship of the beautiful. It represents the supreme attainment of the world in pure beauty, because it is pure beauty and nothing beyond. Christianity reaches beyond beauty to holiness. Other heathen religions fall short of the Greek idea and lack an essential element which the Greek religion possessed. The Greeks believed that the divine is...
Strana 142 - ... is it not evident that if the, child is at any epoch of his long period of helplessness inured into any habit or fixed form of activity belonging to a lower stage of development the tendency will be to arrest growth at that standpoint and make it difficult or next to impossible to continue the growth of the child into higher and more civilized forms of soul activity?
Strana 212 - ALL THE perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two distinct kinds, which I shall call impressions and ideas. The difference betwixt these consists in the degrees of force and liveliness with which they strike upon the mind and make their way into our thought or consciousness. Those perceptions which enter with most force and violence we may name impressions; and under...
Strana 327 - The first study relating to human nature, as contrasted with mere organic and inorganic nature, is literature. Literature, as the fifth and highest of the fine arts, reveals human nature in its intrinsic form. It may be said in general that a literary work of art, a poem, whether lyric, dramatic, or epic, or a prose work of art, such as a novel or a drama, reveals human nature in its height and depth. It shows the growth of a feeling or sentiment first into a conviction and then...